• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.666-675
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• 2020

This study investigated mechanical characteristics of pine trees in Yeongdong (Goseong-gun), Yeongseo (Hongcheon-gun), and Yeongnam (Bonghwa-gun) to define differences in the material quality among pine trees of the three regions. The compressive strength, hardness and shear strength of pine trees of each region were measured. There were no differences in the compressive strength of the juvenile woods among the regions, while the heartwood and sapwood in Bongwha generally showed the highest compressive strength followed by those in Hongcheon and in Goseong. The hardness of the cross-section of pines in Bonghwa was the highest, and in terms of the hardness of the radial and tangential sections, pines in Goseong topped the list.. There were no difference among heartwoods of each region in terms of the shear strength, but, but sapwood from Bonghwa had higher shear strength than those of the other two regions, which may be attributed to differences in tracheid length and microfibril angle among pines in each region. This study identifies the quality differences among pines of different region, and therefore, is expected to add value by helping choose the domestic pine tree material effectively and selectively, and also select a plus tree.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.27-53
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Manisan (Ganghwa-gun) from April of 2017 to August of 2018. The vascular plants identified during the 12 round field surveys were a to total of 508 taxa: 107 families, 306 genera, 456 species, 7 subspecies, 43 varieties, 1 form, and 2 hybrids. The largest families were as follows; Asteraceae (66 taxa), Poaceae (59 taxa), Fabaceae (25 taxa), Cyperaceae (25 taxa), Rosaceae (22 taxa), Liliaceae (20 taxa), Polygonaceae (17 taxa), Lamiaceae (14 taxa), Ranunculaceae (13 taxa), and Caryophyllaceae (13 taxa). Among these plants, 169 taxa were recoeded for the first time from this region. The six taxa of Korean endemic plants including Clematis brachyura Maxim., Viola seoulensis Nakai, Carex brevispicula G. H. Nam & G. Y. Chung, C. erythrobasis H. $L{\acute{e}}v$. & Vaniot, Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai, and Lycoris flavescens M. Y. Kim & S. T. Lee were found in this region. The vascular plants on the red list according to IUCN evaluation basis were found to be two taxa: Near Threatened (NT) species of Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino, and Not Evaluate (NE) species of Tylophora floribunda Miq., respectively. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 26 taxa comprising three taxa of degree IV, four taxa of degree III, seven taxa of degree II, and 12 taxa of degree I. In addition, the alien plants were identified as 49 taxa and the percentage of naturalized index (NI) was 9.7%, and urbanization index (UI) was 15.3%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to find out the preference and the needs of old womens on the life support appliances i.e. medication dispenser, video phone, activity monitor and sleep monitor. The appliances may be improved reflecting the result of the questionnaire asking about the preferred functions and designs. The respondents were 141 female seniors of 65 years and older, living in Ulsan city or Cheongju city, Korea. Following is the list of results. (1) The medication dispenser, responded as highly preferred, met some worries over the troubles by power stoppage especially while one is out, letting her forget the medication time. (2) The video phone was worried over the cases of hearing failure by small sound, and watching failure by weakening sight. (3) The activity monitor, like the medication dispenser, was worried about the troubles while one is out or out of the monitoring scope, its expense, and the privacy, (4) The sleep monitor met the worries over the inadequacy for the sleeping mat on the floor and the emission of electromagnetic waves. (5) The preferred designs were (1) white or red standing medication dispenser, (2) wall-mounted video phone working by voice, (3) metal activity monitor sensor with white or yellow bracelet.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.354-360
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• 2017

Bryopsis africana and Pyropia kinositae are reported for the first time on the list of Korean marine algal flora based on integrated morphological-molecular study. Bryopsis africana from Korea is recognized with distinct main axes, robust thalli, pinnately and radially branched above, and basally denuded. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that B. africana was placed within a clade of Bryopsis. Bryopsis africana differs from B. corymbosa by 2.7% gene sequence divergence. Pyropia kinositae is characterized by oblong to lanceolate thalli, entire margin, purplish red in color, twice as long as broad cells in transversal section view. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that P. kinositae was placed within a clade of Pyropia. Pyropia kinositae differs from P. tenera by 1.5-1.8%, P. ishigecola by 1.2-1.3%, and P. yezoensis by 1.5-1.8% gene sequence divergence respectively.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 2010

The Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana) and the Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) are wetland species listed as "Endangered" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The two species were once common on the Korean peninsula, but have experienced a severe population reduction in the past decades. Currently, they are officially extinct in Korea. At present, reintroduction programs to release the birds to the wild are in progress in Korea as well as in Japan. In this study, we surveyed the historic breeding sites of the two species using the literature and face-to-face interviews with local people as a step toward determining appropriate breeding habitats for reintroduction. We found 26 historic breeding sites for the Oriental White Stork in Chungcheong-do and Gyeonggi-do, but did not find any breeding sites for the Crested Ibis. These findings suggest that the Oriental White Stork was resident, while the Crested Ibis was a winter visitor to Korea. Based on these results, we discuss the possibilities for successful reintroduction of the two species in Korea.

• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.333-342
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• 2011

Macroalgae are important primary producers in marine ecosystem. They don't only play an important role as bioindicators but also provide economic resources for humans. Seasonal and vertical variations in seaweed species composition and biomass were examined to determine the ecological status of seaweed beds around Udo, near Jeju Island. We obtained samples at two sites in the high-intertidal to subtidal zones using the quadrat method between June 2010 and May 2011. A total of 262 species were collected, including 31 green, 61 brown, and 170 red algae. The composition of algal species revealed a decrease in species growing in cold water in comparison with the list 20 years ago. The macroalgal mean biomass (g wet wt $m^{-2}$) was 3,476 g and 2,393 g from the two sites, respectively. Ecklonia cava had the greatest biomass at both sites. The seasonal dominant species by biomass at site 1 from the low-intertidal to 1-3 m depth of the subtidal zone was mostly comprised of thick-leathery form, such as Sargassum hemiphyllum, S. coreanum, and Ecklonia cava, whereas site 2 was comprised of the turf form, such as Chondrophycus intermedius, Chondracanthus intermedius, Dictyopteris prolifera, and Gelidium elegans. The current ecological status of the seaweed community in Udo is stable based on diversity and dominance indices.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.277-282
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• 2009

Saunders' gulls (Laurs saundersi) which are listed as globally vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List are distributed in East Asia and breed mainly in China and Korea. Their population is estimated to be between 7,100 to 9,600. Songdo reclaimed lands in the western coast of South Korea are the main breeding sites for these species. However, most of these breeding sites have been seriously disturbed in the last several years because of new urban development constructions. This study was conducted to provide baseline data on the breeding ecology of Saunders' gulls. Since 1998, the breeding population has rapidly increased in South Korea, with the number of nests rising from 85 nests in 2000 to 185 nests in 2005. Egg volume is more variable than breadth or length. Clutch size, hatching and breeding success were $2.9{\pm}0.81$ (n=182, mean$\pm$sd.), 48.07% (75 hatched egg/156 eggs) and 29.08% (155 fledglings/533 eggs), respectively. Factors affecting breeding failure were predation, rainfall, starvation and supernormal clutches. These results are provided along with other cited literature to argue for conservation of Saunders' gulls.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2018

Clithon retropictus has been protected by the Ministry of Environment as an endangered species since 1998 and has been listed on the state red list of endangered species category II. It is viewed as a representative for all endangered species in the northeastern coastal waters of Korea. Most of the habitats of C. retropictus have been found to be in an unstable state because of development projects such as road construction, small stream development, irrigation for securing agricultural water, and flood prevention. These habitats are damaged by small stream maintenance projects and development, and the risk of damage is increasing and active efforts are needed in order to protect them. Although the Ministry of Environment is striving to preserve this endangered species, the habitat of C. retropictus is still facing external threats because it spreads to only a small area at high densities. Therefore, in order to protect the habitat of C. retropictus, a level II endangered species, it is urgent to make an effort to minimize habitat damage and to take measures for its protection.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2022

Pteris griffithii Hook., one of the rarest fern species on the Indian subcontinent, is reported from Bhutan for the first time. The identity of this species was confirmed through morphological determination at the National Herbarium (THIM) of the National Biodiversity Centre (NBC) of Bhutan. It was found only in one location, in Gyelpozhing in eastern Bhutan, at an elevation of 521 m a.s.l. on 10 January 2016. Given that a very limited study of this species was conducted, the knowledge baseline with regard to its distribution is poor. It is also reported that this species has not been found for several years. The species is also considered to be very rare or critically endangered in some countries; however, there are no assessments on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List for this particular species. This paper attempts to provide baseline information considering its rarity and data deficiency. This species is also reported from the adjacent neighboring Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh as very rare, and also from Myanmar; however, confirmation of its presence in China is not clear at this time. Therefore, considering its data deficient status, we attempt to document it scientifically to create a knowledgebase pertaining to this particular species. Concurrently, this species merits further research to understand its distribution patterns in Bhutan and any related anthropogenic threats.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.9-9
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• 2023

한국 특산 식물인 미선나무 (Abeliophyllum distichum)는 IUCN Red List의 EN (위기종) 등급에 지정되 어 보호받아 왔다. 미선나무는 국내 자생지 6곳을 포함하는 13개의 서식지에서 생육되고 있다고 알려져 있다. 2017년 이후, 국내에서는 지속적인 보전과 관리하에 법정보호종에서 해제되어 멸종위기종 복원 성 공 사례의 귀감이 되었으나 국내를 제외하면 미선나무의 활용은 아직 어려운 현실이다. 미선나무는 1속 1종이지만 종 내에서 다양성이 존재한다. 꽃의 형태적 특징에 따른 다양한 분류가 이루어지며, 옥황1호을 포함한 분홍, 상아, 연녹색, 흰색 등으로 구분된다. 유전체 연구 및 성분 분석을 통해, 각 표현형마다 유전 정보와 유효 성분의 차이가 존재한다는 것이 알려졌다. 활용 가치를 높이려면, 유전적으로 안정되고 표준화가 가능한 원료가 필요하며, 이는 신품종을 이용하거나 새로운 개발이 필요하다는 것을 내포한다. 일반 식품으로의 활용은 어려우나 기능성 화장품의 원료 등으로 활용되고 있으며, 이러한 활용들은 미선나무의 높은 활용 가치를 투영한다. 활용 가치 평가를 위해 수행된 DNA 손상, 멜라닌 생합성, 항염증, 항산화, 항암 억제 등의 연구를 통해 다양한 약리학적 효능을 가진다는 결과들이 도출되었고, 많은 문헌들이 그 근거를 뒷받침한다. 또한, 유효 성분의 합성경로를 재정립하고 RNA 분석을 통해 그 양상을 예측하기 위한 연구가 진행 중에 있다. 미선나무에서 유래한 식물조직 배양체인 callus의 유도 및 배양이 진행되고 있으며, 옥황1호 유래 callus를 활용하여 다양한 연구를 수행하고 있다. 앞서 언급한 미선나무 연구 및 개발에 대한 한계를 파악하고, 천연 식물 자원으로의 미선나무에 대한 지속적인 관심과 지원을 통해 나고야의정서에 대응하는 전략적 접근이 필요하다.