• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2979-2982
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• 2016

Background: High dose ionizing radiation can induce ovarian cancer, but the effect of low dose radiation on the development of ovarian cancer has not been extensively studied. We evaluated the effect of low dose radiation and total background radiation, and the radiation delivered to the ovaries during the treatment of rectosigmoid cancer and breast cancer on ovarian cancer incidence. Materials and Methods: Background radiation measurements are from Assessment of Variations in Radiation Exposure in the United States, 2011. Ovarian cancer incidence data are from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of ovarian cancer following breast cancer and rectosigmoid cancer are from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Obesity data by US state are from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mean ages of US state populations are from the United States Census Bureau. Results: We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, which reveal that in 194,042 cases of breast cancer treated with beam radiation, there were 796 cases of ovarian cancer by 120+ months of treatment (0.41%); in 283, 875 cases of breast cancer not treated with radiation, there were 1,531 cases of ovarian cancer by 120+ months (0.54%). The difference in ovarian cancer incidence in the two groups was significant (p < 0.001, two tailed Fisher exact test). The small dose of scattered ovarian radiation (about 3.09 cGy) from beam radiation to the breast appears to have reduced the risk of ovarian cancer by 24%. In 13,099 cases of rectal or rectosigmoid junction cancer treated with beam radiation in the SEER data, there were 20 cases of ovarian cancer by 120+ months of treatment (0.15%). In 33,305 cases of rectal or rectosigmoid junction cancer not treated with radiation, there were 91 cases of ovarian cancer by 120+ months (0.27%). The difference in ovarian cancer incidence in the two groups was significant (p = 0.017, two tailed Fisher exact test). In other words, the beam radiation to rectum and rectosigmoid that also reached the ovaries reduced the risk of ovarian cancer by 44%. In addition, there was a significant inverse relationship between ovarian cancer in white women and radon background radiation (r = - 0.465. p = 0.002) and total background radiation (r = -0.456, p = 0.002). Because increasing age and obesity are risk factors for ovarian cancer, multivariate linear regression was performed. The inverse relationship between ovarian cancer incidence and radon background was significant (${\beta}=-0.463$, p = 0.002) but unrelated to age (${\beta}=-0.080$, p = 0.570) or obesity (${\beta}=-0.180$, p = 0.208). Conclusions: The reduction of ovarian cancer risk following low dose radiation may be the result of radiation hormesis. Hormesis is a favorable biological response to low toxin exposure. A pollutant or toxin demonstrating hormesis has the opposite effect in small doses as in large doses. In the case of radiation, large doses are carcinogenic. However, lower overall cancer rates are found in U.S. states with high impact radiation. Moreover, there is reduced lung cancer incidence in high radiation background US states where nuclear weapons testing was done. Women at increased risk of ovarian cancer have two choices. They may be closely followed (surveillance) or undergo immediate prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. However, the efficacy of surveillance is questionable. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is considered preferable, although it carries the risk of surgical complications. The data analysis above suggests that low-dose pelvic irradiation might be a good third choice to reduce ovarian cancer risk. Further studies would be worthwhile to establish the lowest optimum radiation dose.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2000

Purpose : DNA ploidy pattern was shown to correlate with several clinicohistologic findings in several tumors. Aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the clinicohistologic findings in colorectal cancer and the failure pattern in rectosigmoid cancer with DNA ploidy. Materials and Methods DNA flow cytometry using the Hedley methods on paraffin embedded specimen from 117 patients with colorectal cancers after curative resection was peformed. We tried to find the correlation between DNA ploidy and various clinicohistologic findings. And then the correlation DNA ploidy and the failure pattern in 75 patients of rectosigmoid cancer was analized. Results : Forty samples (34.2%) from tumors gave aneuploidy histogram. There was no significant difference in the frequency of DNA aneuploidy in terms of age, sex, depth of invasion, location and Dukes stage. But there was a significant correlation between DNA ploidy and the failure rates in Dukes stage B rectosigmoid cancer (P=0.048). Conclusions : These findings suggest that DNA ploidy pattern shows the correlation with the treatment failure rates in Dukes stage B rectosigmoid, but not with many other clinicohistologic findings. However,more patients will be needed to disclose these findings.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.220-225
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• 2004

We undertook this study to investigate the effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on colonic transit time in old age constipation persons. Twenty three volunteers were old age constipation persons(mean age 69.72±2.43 years, mean defecation rate 1.83±0.41/week). Before acupuncture was only to check the radio-opaque markers transit time all the way through gastrointestinal tract. Simple acupuncture was to apply acupuncture therapy for three days. The fourth acupoints(both ST.25, TE.6) were selected and the needle was kept for 15 minutes. Electroacupuncture was same as the simple acupuncture except for applying 2Hz electrical stimulation. After Then we compare with three method Each transit time in the whole colon, right colon, left colon and rectosigmoid colon were checked in the order of before acupuncture, simple acupuncture, and electroacupuncture stimulation. In the before acupuncture stimulation, the transit time in each part of colon was as follows 19.48±1.76 32.74±2.69 25.61±2.13 76.62±7.95 hours. Simple acupuncture stimulation, the transit time was 17.47±1.10 33.10±1.87 24.12±1.65 74.87±3.91 hours. Compared with before acupuncture stimulation, the transit time was significantly shortened(P<0.05), especially in right colon transit time of simple acupuncture stimulation was significantly shortened(P<0.05). Electroacupuncture stimulation, was 16.32±1.97 32.91±2.48 21.53±1.94 71.59±2.82. Compared with the previous two trial, transit time in right colon and rectosigmoid colon were significantly shortened(P<0.05). Acupuncture and electroacupuncture stimulation change on the right colonic transit time in old age constipation persons and rectosigmoid colonic transit time was changed as electroacupuncture stimulation. In other words, old age constipation persons who suffer chronic constipation, acupuncture and electroacupuncture stimulation reduces the total colonic transit time.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.311-318
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• 1998

Amis:ST25(Chonchu) and ST37(Sanggoho) are usually used acupoints to management several disease which induced to abnormal intestinal motility as diarrhea, constipation. Colonic transit time by radio opaque marker is able to study easily and useful method for evaluation of colonic motility. The aim of this study was to assess the effect on colonic transit time by manual acupuncture or electroacupuncture stimulation of ST25, ST37 in normal adult. Method: Colonic transit time, including Rt colon, Lt colon, rectosigmoid colon was measured by radio opaque marker in 11 normal adults. Colon transit time was measured before stimulation and after stimulation on ST25, ST37 by manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture. Each person was treated manual acupuncture or electroacupuncture stimulation for 3 days before colonic transit time measurement with 1 week interval. Result: Colon transit time before stimulation was measured $10.60{\pm}12.11$, $3.92{\pm}7.72$, $3.27{\pm}6.37$, $3.41{\pm}5.57$ hours total colon, Rt colon, Lt colon, rectosigmoid colon, respectively. Colon transit time after manual acupuncture is measured $10.48{\pm}12.35$, $3.72{\pm}7.52$, $3.37{\pm}6.76$, $3.39{\pm}5.84$ hours total colon, Rt colon, Lt colon, rectosigmoid colon, respectively. Colon transit time after electroacupuncture stimulation is measured $10.30{\pm}13.21$, $3.92{\pm}8.02$, $3.07{\pm} $, $3.31{\pm}5.49$ hours total colon, Rt colon, Lt colon, rectosigmoid colon, respectively. Significant change was observed Lt colon transit time after electroacupuncture as compared before acupuncture(P<0.05). Conclusion: Theses results suggest that manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture of ST25, ST37 in normal adults does not change colonic transit time.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.190-194
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• 1995

Diphallus is a rare congenital anomaly and is frequently associated with duplication of the urinary tract and rectosigmoid, and commonly associated with vertebral anomalies. Remzi reported less than 100 cases of duplication of all or a portion of the penis, but about 10 cases of complete diphallus with exstrophy of cloaca was reported, and a case of complete diphallus associated with hindgut duplication was reported, and complete diphallus with displacement of bladder associated hindgut duplication and imperforate anus was not reported in Korea. We experienced a case of the complete diphallus associated with displacement of bladder, hindgut duplication, and imperforate anus as a variant of cloacal exstrophy. A review of published cases suggests that this may be the first example of a complete diphallus with displacement of bladder coexisting with the hindgut duplication and imperforate anus.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 1996

Colonic atresia is the least common form of intestinal atresia. Colonic atresia, like jejunoileal atresia, mostly occurs as a result of an intrauterine vascular accident. According to Sutton's classification, type 1 colonic atresia exibits external continuity with an intraluminal diaphragm(colonic web) which may be imperforate or perforate. Authors experienced a case of colonic web associated with imperforate anus. The patient was treated under the impression of the high type imperforate anus. Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty at the age of 9 months revealed normal anorectal canal. At the age of 12 months, colostomy was repaired. Thereafter abdominal distension was developed. Barium enema noted a membranous obstruction of the colon on the level of the rectosigmoid junction. After exicision of the colonic web, the patient was discharged with no problem.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.453-456
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• 2005

Single or scattered sequential hamartomatous juvenile polyps are common in the large intestine, especially the rectosigmoid area, where they are usually nonfamilial. Juvenile polyps arising in the small inestine are very rare. Juvenile polyps are usually found in children aged between 1 and 10 years, the majority of cases are between 2 and 4 years of age. Bleeding is the most common symptom, but some children may suffer from autoamputation or prolapse through the anus, and rare cases are presented as intussusception. Approximately six cases of juvenile polyps in the small bowel have been reported. Jejunal intussusception arising from juvenile polyp is uncommon in comparison with the ileocolic form. It has an atypical subacute presentation. It must be better understood for its diagnosis can be made too late. Surgical exploration is the treatment of choice because of the recurrence of various clinical symptoms. We report a case of single juvenile polyp of jejunum found in a 10-year-old girl who presented with signs of intussusception.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.263-265
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• 2014

Epiploic appendagitis is an inflammation of the epiploic appendage in which the small sacs projecting from the serosal layer of the colon are positioned longitudinally from the caecum to the rectosigmoid area. Epiploic appendagitis is rare and self-limiting; however, it can cause sudden abdominal pain in children. Epiploic appendagitis does not typically accompany other gastrointestinal diseases. Here, we report on a healthy eight-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. Based on these symptoms, she was diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis, but epiploic appendagitis in the ascending colon was revealed in contrast computed tomography (CT). The patient was treated successfully with conservative management. CT is beneficial in diagnosis and further assessment of epiploic appendagitis. Pediatricians need to be aware of this self-limiting disease and consider it as a possible alternate diagnosis in cases of acute abdominal pain.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.182-185
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• 2013

Children have a natural tendency to explore objects with their mouths; this can result in the swallowing of foreign objects. Most ingested foreign bodies pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract. However, some foreign bodies cause obstruction or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, requiring surgical intervention. Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract may be associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The most common sites of intestinal foreign body perforation are the ileocecal and rectosigmoid regions. Foreign body perforation of the duodenum is relatively uncommon. We report the first Korean case of duodenal perforation by an ingested 8-cm lollipop stick. Lollipops are popular with the children and fairly accessible to them, as most parents are not aware of their potential harm. Pediatric clinicians should be aware of the risks associated with lollipop stick ingestion. Our report also describes the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic diagnosis and management of pediatric patients with peritonitis induced by the ingestion of foreign bodies.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.177-181
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• 1993

Endometriosis involving sites outside the pelvic cavity is a relatively uncommon occurrence and its frequency is cited as being less than one percent of all occurences of endometriosis. Sites previously reported in literature have described involvement of the extraperitoneal portion of the round ligament, the rectosigmoid, the appendix, and the ileum. Other more distal sites reported to have been found to have endometriosis lesions include the inguinal ligaments, the umbilicus, abdominal incisional wounds, thoracic lesions involving the pleura or diaphragm which may result in catamenial pneumothorax, the kidneys, and vulvar episiotomy wounds. Endometriosis have even been reported to occur in males. In this presentation, three cases of endometriosis, two involving the vulvar area and one involving a Pfannenstiel incision wound, is presented with a review of the pertinent literature in order to discuss its etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment.