• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 1984

Childrens between the ages of 13 and 15 years, living in Seoul, were examined in order to determine the prevalence and severity of malocclusion in the permanent dentition. This survey encompassed 981 children and an individual chart was prepared for each subject recording an original HMAR score and classification of occlusion according to Angle. Also, subjective evaluation of "treatment needs" was carried out in 581 children. The results were as follows: 1. Of the 981 children in this survey, 12,1 percent showed excellent occlusion. (0 point) 2. The 14 percent of the children who had a score of 24 and above all appeared to belong to the "treatment highly desirable" or "treatment mandatory" category. 3. The incorporation of SAR (Supplementary Assessment Record) into the HMAR can provide more sensitive method for evaluating severity of malocclusion. 4. According to Angle's classification 77.4 percent of all malocclusion belonged to Class I, 1.3 percent to Class II, Division 1, 0.9 percent to Class II, Division 2, and 11.3 percent to Class III. 5. The mean HMAR score for Class I was significantly lower than for either Class II, Division 1 or Class III. (P < 0.05) 6. A close relationship was found between the degree of "treatment needs" and the value obtained by the HMAR scoring. (chi-square test, p < 0.05) The differences between the mean HMAR scores of the various subjectively defined categories were statistically significant. (P < 0.001)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.915-921
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• 2006

Various random regression models with different order of Legendre polynomials for permanent environmental and genetic effects were constructed to predict future milk yield of Holstein cows in Korea. A total of 257,908 test-day (TD) milk yield records from a total of 28,135 cows belonging to 1,090 herds were considered for estimating (co)variance of the random covariate coefficients using an expectation-maximization REML algorithm in an animal mixed model. The variances did not change much between the models, having different order of Legendre polynomial, but a decreasing trend was observed with increase in the order of Legendre polynomial in the model. The R-squared value of the model increased and the residual variance reduced with the increase in order of Legendre polynomial in the model. Therefore, a model with $5^{th}$ order of Legendre polynomial was considered for predicting future milk yield. For predicting the future milk yield of cows, 132,771 TD records from 28,135 cows were randomly selected from the above data by way of preceding partial TD record, and then future milk yields were estimated using incomplete records from each cow randomly retained. Results suggested that we could predict the next four months milk yield with an error deviation of 4 kg. The correlation of more than 70% between predicted and observed values was estimated for the next four months milk yield. Even using only 3 TD records of some cows, the average milk yield of Korean Holstein cows would be predicted with high accuracy if compared with observed milk yield. Persistency of each cow was estimated which might be useful for selecting the cows with higher persistency. The results of the present study suggested the use of a $5^{th}$ order Legendre polynomial to predict the future milk yield of each cow.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to evaluate anti-Salmonella enteritidis (anti-SE) bacteriophage as feed additives to prevent Salmonella enteritidis in broilers. The experimental diets were formulated for 2 phases feeding trial, and 3 different levels (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%) of anti-SE bacteriophage were supplemented in basal diet. The basal diet was regarded as the control treatment. A total of 320 1-d-old male broilers (Ross 308) were allotted by randomized complete block (RCB) design in 8 replicates with 10 chicks per pen. All birds were raised on rice hull bedding in ambient controlled environment and free access to feed and water. There were no significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at terminal period among treatments (p>0.05). Relative weights of liver, spleen, abdominal fat and tissue muscle of breast obtained from each anti-SE bacteriophage treatment were similar to control, with a slightly higher value in anti-SE bacteriophage 0.2%. In addition, a numerical difference of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and LDL cholesterol level was observed in the 0.2% anti-SE bacteriophage application even though blood profiles were not significantly affected by supplemented levels of anti-SE bacteriophage (p>0.05). In the result of a 14 d record after Salmonella enteritidis challenge of 160 birds from 4 previous treatments, mortality was linearly decreased with increasing anti-SE bacteriophage level (p<0.05), and Salmonella enteritidis concentration in the cecum was decreased with increasing levels of anti-SE bacteriophage (p<0.05). Based on the results of this study, it is considered that supplementation of 0.2% anti-SE bacteriophage may not cause any negative effect on growth, meat production, and it reduces mortality after Salmonella enteritidis challenge. These results imply to a possible use of anti-SE bacteriophage as an alternative feed additive instead of antibiotics in broilers diet.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.871-881
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• 2010

Objective: A clinical contents model is an essential data model to exchange clinical data, among existing computer systems and enhance consistency of necessary data, in terms of its meaning and reusability. However, there has not been a domestic case where such clinical model is developed till present. Methods and Results: This research is based on determining principles of developing clinical information model which is a specified model of Health level 7 Reference Information Model and attempts to identify clinical contents with types of ENTITY-ATTRIBUTE-VALUE, based on terminology standard by clinicians and domain modelers. Conclusion: This model is projected to be utilized in the next generation of EMR as core contents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 2006

The present investigation was undertaken to study the milkability characteristics of Holstein cows. Out of 6,660 initial records 4,607 records were finally included in the analysis after deleting some records with an abnormal range of values for the traits considered. These 4,607 Holstein cows belonged to a total of 122 herds located in a province in Korea. The 'LactoCorder' instrument was used to electronically record the milkability traits at the milking parlor. A total of 19 traits were studied which were broadly classified into milk yield, milking speed, milking time and the electrical conductivity related traits. The SAS 9.1 statistical software was used to carry out analyses. The average maximum milk flow per minute was 3.21 kg/min, while the average milking speed during the main milking process (DMHG) had a mean value of 2.30 kg/min. The total milk yield was 14.14 kg, 62% of which was milked during the first three minutes of the milking. The average total milking time was 8.23 min. Among the three phases of the main milking process, the time of stable milk flow had the longest time (2.97 min) followed by the time at the decline phase (2.62 min). The average time taken to reach the plateau phase was 1.08 min, which can still be reduced further through improved managemental practices. Among milk yield traits, milk yield during the first two (MG2) and three (MG3) minutes of milking had high positive correlation with milking speed traits and negative correlations with almost all the milking time traits except time of incline in milk flow from 0.5 kg/min till the attainment of the plateau phase (tAN). Milking speed traits had negative correlations with total milking time, time at main milking process, time at plateau and with the time at decline. Since there was medium to high negative correlation between the milking speed and the time at plateau, there is a need for selection of cows which have intermediate milking speed so that it could require less milking time and also the optimum (higher and longer) plateau time. Proper pre-stimulation and avoiding over milking will help in further reducing the milking time and thus will add to the net profit of the farmer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.457-466
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• 2015

Taoyuan pig is a native Taiwan breed. According to the historical record, the breed was first introduced to Taiwan from Guangdong province, Southern China, around 1877. The breed played an important role in Taiwan's early swine industry. It was classified as an indigenous breed in 1986. After 1987, a conserved population of Taoyuan pig was collected and reared in isolation. In this study, mitochondrial DNA sequences and 18 microsatellite markers were used to investigate maternal lineage and genetic diversity within the Taoyuan pig population. Population differentiation among Taoyuan, Asian type, and European type pig breeds was also evaluated using differentiation indices. Only one D-loop haplotype of the Taoyuan pig was found. It clustered with Lower Changjiang River Basin and Central China Type pig breeds. Based on the polymorphism of microsatellite markers, a positive fixation index value ($F_{IS}$) indicates that the conserved Taoyuan population suffers from inbreeding. In addition, high $F_{ST}$ values (>0.2105) were obtained, revealing high differentiation among these breeds. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling showed a clear geometric structure among 7 breeds. Together these results indicate that maternally Taoyuan pig originated in the Lower Changjiang River Basin and Central China; however, since being introduced to Taiwan differentiation has occurred. In addition, Taoyuan pig has lost genetic diversity in both its mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.383-392
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• 1996

An observation and evaluation of the reproducibility of the mandibular movements has been a integral part of a test for mandibular function and dysfunction. After Pantographic Reproducibility Index(PRI) was introduced in dentistry, many authors have used the index for investigation of mandibular movement function, especially in condylar compartment. Howerer, the difficult and time-consuming work of instrumentation for getting the PRI has been a major obstacle in using pantograph. This study was performed to try a new mandibular reproducibility index, so-called BioEGN reproducibility index(BERI), calculated from mandibular trajectory recorded with BioEGN. 26 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and 22 patients with temporomandibular disorders took part in this study and classed to control group and patients group, respectively. Pantronic and BioEGN were used to record and calculate the indices, PRI and BERI. PRI had only one value, but BERI had two values of outgoing and incoming movement in each scale. With two scales of small and large, as a result, BERI had four values in this study. PRI corresponded to BERI in small scale on outgoing total movements. The data were calculated and analyzed with SAS/stat program and the conclusion of this study were as follows : 1. In every scales, in each movement, BERI on outgoing movement in control group was lower than that in patients group, respectively, but BERI on incoming movement was only different in one side movement, that was, left excursion. 2. The difference between BERI on outgoing movement and BERI on incoming movement was only shown in small scale on total movements, not in each movement, in control group. However, there was generally a positive correlationship between BERI on outgoing movement and BERI on incoming movement in each movement in both groups. 3. Simple statistics of PRI was similar to that of BERI on total movements in small scale, but there was a negative correlation between PRI and BERI on total movements in large sclae only in patients group.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors related to vibration of temporomandibular joint during mandibular opening movement. For this study, 144 patients with temporomandibular disorders were randomly selected. Angle's classification, lateral guidance pattern, range of maximal mouth opening, preferred chewing side, and affected side were investigated clinically. Mandibular torque rotational movement during opening was recorded with $BioEGN^{(R)}$ and vibration of temporomandibular joint during opening was recorded with $Sonopak^{(R)}$. After clinical diagnosis was made, visual analogue scale(VAS) was used for evaluation of clinical progress of the subject's chief complaints. The author calculated VAS treatment index(VAS Ti) from the record of VAS. The more VAS Ti was, the less remission of subjective symptom was, The data were analyzed with SAS/Stat program and the results of this study were as follows: 1. There were no significant difference in all the variables of joint vibration by age and sex. 2. Integral and peak amplitude in patients of Angle's class I were higher than those of class II or III patients. Integral in patients of group function was higher than that in patients of canine guidance or other types of lateral excursion. 3. As to Angle's classification or lateral guidance type, there were almost not significant difference between subgroup of same class or type and subgroup of different class or type on both sides. And there were also almost not difference between one side and the other side related to preferred chewing side or affected side. 4. Patients with disk displacement with reduction showed higher value of integral and peak amplitude than any other patients. 5. Joint vibration variables significantly correlated with VAS Ti of pain. with clinical range of mouth opening, and with ingredients of mandibular torque rotational movement.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.10
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• pp.402-407
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• 2016

Purpose: Buckwheat allergy is one of the most severe types of food allergy in some countries, especially among children. However, few studies have investigated this condition. The aim of this study was to report the clinical and laboratory findings in Korean children with buckwheat allergy. Methods: Thirty-seven subjects, aged 1 to 14 years, were enrolled by retrospective medical record review from January 2000 through May 2015 at the Department of Pediatrics in Ajou University Hospital. The demographic profile, previous exposure to buckwheat pillows, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings of each subject were recorded. Results: Twenty-six of the 37 children had immediate-type allergic symptoms to buckwheat, while 11 subjects were tolerant to buckwheat. Seventeen out of 26 buckwheat allergic children (65.4%) had anaphylaxis. The median buckwheat specific IgE level in the buckwheat allergic group ($7.71kU_A/L$) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than in the buckwheat tolerant group ($0.08kU_A/L$) with an optimal cutoff value of $1.27kU_A/L$ (sensitivity 84.6%, specificity 100%). When adjusted for age, the difference between the 2 groups showed no statistical significance (P=0.063). In subjects who had anaphylaxis, buckwheat-specific IgE levels ranged from 0.37 to $100kU_A/L$. Conclusion: Almost two-thirds of buckwheat-allergic children had anaphylaxis, and a wide-range of buckwheat specific IgE levels were observed in these children. Anaphylaxis occurred in a subject with a remarkably low IgE level ($0.37kU_A/L$).

• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2008

The aerosol characteristics in terms of 4 different cases (Asian dust, fog, clear sky and cloud) which had happened at Anmyeon Island in April 2006 were studied using various measurements such as the Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL), sunphotometer, $\beta$-ray $PM_{10}$ Analyzer, anemoscope and anemometer. In addition, synoptic charts, back trajectory analyses and satellite images were also used to help characterize the aerosol events. The aerosol optical properties were featured by the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and ${\AA}ngstr\ddot{o}m$ exponent which were estimated by the sunphotometer. When Anmyeon Island was dominated by the Asian dust, the AOD was sharply increased as seven times as a yearly average of it (0.35). As compared with a yearly average of the ${\AA}ngstr\ddot{o}m$ exponent of 0.97, the ${\AA}ngstr\ddot{o}m$ exponent of a dust day was significantly low (0.099). In addition, $PM_{10}$ mass concentration showed an extremely high record. The maximum concentration reached $1790.5{\mu}gm^{-3}$ on 8 April 2006. The maximum mass concentration was shown with delay when the wind speed of $0ms^{-1}$ was observed. It was also found that a satellite image of the MODIS-RGB had a good agreement with the results of those measurements. It was shown that the MPL was able to describe effectively the vertical distribution of aerosol for all the cases. In particular, the MPL evidently captured the aerosol layer before the cloud observation. The aerosol layer was similarly described by the AOD. On a clear sky day, the AOD had not only a very low value (0.054) but also a feature of homogeneity.