• Architectural research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.133-141
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• 2012

The research started from the consideration that, although many aspects of the Milanese Early Renaissance are well known today, thanks to a vast literature, only few studies, so far, have paid attention to the ordinary world of architectural work - and its obscure protagonists - of this area and this period. Moving from the belief that this topic is crucial for a complete understanding of the 15th century architectural world, characterized by a progressive overlapping of roles and responsibilities in the worksites, this study aims to provide a contribution to expand the understanding of this matter, by focusing on a particular aspect of it: the role of the public administration in the architectural activity. In particular, the paper analyzes the characteristics of the "Office of the engineers of the Municipality of Milan", one of the major public architectural institution of the Duchy of Milan in the 15th century. Through an extensive archival survey, conducted in the major archives of Milan and Lombardy, the research achieves two main findings: a) the reconstruction of the complete Office staff throughout the 15th century and, b) an outline of the role and identity of the Office and its officers, through the elaboration of data collected. In particular, professional roles, technical duties, cultural background and tasks of the officers, together with Office management, appointment procedures and salary conditions are highlighted. This research, not meant as an ultimate study on the topic discussed, is intended to provide some material and reference points for further researches that will aim to expand the understanding of this matter.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2003

Fournier's gangrene is a synergistic necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal, perirectal and urogenital area and can be fatal unless treated in early stage. Perianal and urogenital infections are common causes of the disease but it can occur after artificial procedure on perineal area using by surgical instruments. It is mixed aerobic and anaerobic infection and E. coli is the most common causative bacteria. Untill now many investigators have focused on early diagnosis, preserving hemodynamic stability, broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics and treatment of underlying disease in management of Fournier's gangrene. The authors have experienced five patients of chronic liver disease whose necrotizing perineal infections developed spontaneously and treated them aggressively as described above and reconstructed perineal soft tissue defects using by various surgical methods, then we got good results both functionary and cosmetically. From now on, we would better reconstruct soft tissue defect of perineum with skin graft or pedicled flap in early stage when treat Fournier's gangrene, thereafter we can get an ultimate increase in patient's life quality.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.663-666
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• 2012

Current treatments for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) include prolonged courses of antibiotics, retinoids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Severe cases that are resistant to prolonged medical treatment pose a therapeutic challenge. We propose radical excision and lateral thoracic flap reconstruction as a treatment option for such cases. In our experience with two patients, good aesthetic and functional outcomes were achieved, with a high level of patient satisfaction. The availability of suitable flap coverage allows for wide resection of all of the hair-bearing skin, leading to a low incidence of residual disease and subsequent recurrence. Following excision of the affected tissue, the ideal reconstructive method in the axilla provides suitable coverage without unacceptable donor site morbidity and also avoids axillary contractures. A long lateral thoracic flap with delay has excellent coverage with minimal donor tissue sacrifice. With a suitable flap coverage option, the management paradigm of intractable HS should shift from prolonged medical treatment to allow decisive radical excision, which will improve the quality of life for patients.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2008

Lake studies play an important role in water management, ecology, and other environmental issues. Typically, monitoring lake levels is the first step on the lake studies. However, for the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America having millions of small lakes and potholes, on-site measurement for lake levels is almost impossible with the conventional gage stations. Therefore, we employed Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing approach with the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data to extract lake levels. Several image processing techniques were used to extract lake levels for January, 2000 as a one-time snapshot which will be useful in historic lake level reconstruction. This study is associated with other remote sensing datasets such as Landsat imagery and Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle (DOQ). In this research, firstly, image processing techniques like FFT filtering, Lee-sigma, masking with Canny Edge Detector, and contouring were tested for lake level estimation. The semi-automated contouring technique was developed to accomplish the bulk processing for large amount of lakes in this region. Also, effectiveness of each method for bulk processing was evaluated.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.323-335
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• 2017

A simplified framework for the probabilistic estimation of economic losses induced by the structural vulnerability in single-story and single-bay precast industrial buildings is presented. The simplifications introduced in the framework are oriented to the definition of an expeditious procedure adoptable by government agencies and insurance companies for preliminary risk assessment. The economic losses are evaluated considering seismic hazard, structural response, damage resulting from the structural vulnerability and only structural-vulnerability-induced e]conomic losses, i.e., structural repair or reconstruction costs (stock and flow costs) and content losses induced by structural collapse. The uncertainties associated with each step are accounted for via Monte Carlo simulations. The estimation results in a probabilistic description of the seismic risk of portal-like industrial buildings, expressed in terms of economic losses for each occurrence (i.e., seismic event) that owners (i.e., insured) and stakeholders can use to make risk management decisions. The outcome may also be useful for the definition of the insurance premiums and the evaluation of the risks and costs for the owner corresponding to the insurance industrial costs. A prototype of a precast concrete industrial building located in Mirandola, Italy, hit by the 2012 Emilia earthquake, is used as an example of the application of the procedure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1097-1103
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• 2015

Background: Few studies have explored the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents toward cancer prevention and treatment. This lack of research and its potential utility in the development of new educational initiatives and screening methods, or the reconstruction of existing ones, provided the impetus for this study. The primary research aim was to assess secondary school student knowledge of cancer and determine whether or not they possessed basic knowledge of cancer symptoms, risk factors, and treatments and to determine the relationship between cancer knowledge and key demographic factors. Materials and Methods: The Management and Science University conducted a cross-sectional study analyzing responses through cross-tabulation with the socio-demographic data collected. Results: The findings of our quantitative analysis suggest that Malaysian youth generally possess a moderate knowledge about cancer. Quantitative analyses found that socioeconomic inequalities and bias in education present as important factors contributing to cancer awareness, prevention, and treatment among Malaysian adolescents. Conclusions: The findings indicate that Malaysian youth generally possess a moderate knowledge about cancer but the current deficiencies in initiatives directed to cancer awareness continue to hinder the improvement in prevention of cancer among Malaysian adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2011

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations are common injuries in active individuals secondary to direct force on the lateral aspect of the adducted shoulder. Complete disruption of the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments may occur, depending on the magnitude of the insulting force. Most of these injuries are successfully treated without surgery. However, for the treatment of cases in which surgical management is warranted, there are more than 100 surgical techniques available without a gold standard technique. We review the anatomy of the acromioclavicular joint, the diagnosis of disorders of this joint, and the different treatment options in this article.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2018

Objectives This is one of the manuals of East-West integrative medicine which was created by the committee on integrative medicine of Chung-Yeon Korean Medicine Hospital. The purpose of this manual is to support clinical decision-making and communication between Korean and western medical staff in a Korean medicine hospital during the rehabilitation of patients after knee surgery. Methods The draft was made by two rehabilitation specialists in Korean medicine. After a rehabilitation specialist in western medicine reviewed the draft and exchanged their ideas, a revised version that reflects the goal of consultation was made. Then the committee agreed to adopt the manuals through the process of review and feedback in addition to face-to-face discussions. Results This manual describes clinical decision-making for rehabilitation after arthroscopic partial meniscus resection, meniscus refixation, reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. Therefore, it contains the schedule of rehabilitation treatment by the surgical technique, general goal of the rehabilitation by phase, guide for patients and postoperative infection management. Conclusions Despite some limitations, this manual has significance as the first example of a decision-making protocol suggestion for East-West integrative rehabilitation treatment after a knee surgery in one medical institution.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2003

Posterolateral instability of the knee is known as one of the most challenging injuries . Although several procedures have been designed for the posterolateral instability, there is no gold standard management yet. We present a technique for posterolateral instability of the knee using tibialis posterior tendon allograft, which reconstructed lateral collateral ligament and popliteal tendon.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2017

Defects involving specialised areas with characteristic anatomical features, such as the nipple, upper eyelid, and lip, benefit greatly from the use of sharing procedures. The vulva, a complex 3-dimensional structure, can also be reconstructed through a sharing procedure drawing upon the contralateral vulva. In this report, we present the interesting case of a patient with chronic, massive, localised lymphedema of her left labia majora that was resected in 2011. Five years later, she presented with squamous cell carcinoma over the left vulva region, which is rarely associated with chronic lymphedema. To the best of our knowledge, our management of the radical vulvectomy defect with a labia majora sharing procedure is novel and has not been previously described. The labia major flap presented in this report is a shared flap; that is, a transposition flap based on the dorsal clitoral artery, which has consistent vascular anatomy, making this flap durable and reliable. This procedure epitomises the principle of replacing like with like, does not interfere with leg movement or patient positioning, has minimal donor site morbidity, and preserves other locoregional flap options for future reconstruction. One limitation is the need for a lax contralateral vulva. This labia majora sharing procedure is a viable option in carefully selected patients.