• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.75-99
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• 2005

Today, many universities are confronted with the changing education paradigm such as e-learning, Distance Education, Virtual University, This IT-based teaming paradigm shift is certainly a new opportunity or a threat to our universities. To overcome this problem the universities should think e-Learning as strategic weapon, such as many firms created competitive weapons from the information systems at the 1980s. So, e-Learning system can be a SIS(Strategic Information System) which supports university's future education strategies. To build a e-Learning system, not only many H/W and S/W resources but also expert personnels are required. An organization such as local university who is week at financial status can't himself plan the system. The Local University Community e-Learning Centers that support the demand of e-learning for their community are recommended. In order to operate these centers efficiently, the strategic roles of the e-Learning center should first be defined. To define the strategic roles, We classified the strategic roles of the e-Learning center into four dimensions, (1) to improve management efficiency, (2) to enhance educational service, (3) to acquire competitive advantages, (4) to build new education infrastructure, and each dimension has 5 or 6 measurement items. As result, to enhance the educational service was considered as the most significant factor among the four dimensions of strategic roles, and the infrastructure building was the next. We also tried to find the difference for each factor by the characteristics of responsor. The data showed that there was litter difference between the groups in evaluating the significance of strategic roles of e-learning centers. Through the strategic roles definition and analysis of expected role ratings, we could have recommended the direction and operation policies of the e-Loaming centers.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2022

Teeth wear with loss of posterior support often leads to symptoms such as irregular occlusal plane and excessive wear of anterior teeth. In such environment, establishing proper posterior support and harmonious anterior guidance and occlusal plane is recommended. In this case, the patient had excessively worn dentition with loss of posterior support, while denying surgical treatment due to her(his) history of osteoporosis, ibandronate injection, and risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). To recover the vertical space needed for prosthetic restoration, full mouth rehabilitation with vertical dimension increase of remaining teeth was decided. Missing teeth in the posterior area were restored with mandibular removable partial denture. The treatment plan was determined through careful diagnosis, and every step of procedures including tooth preparation, provisional phase with the increased vertical dimension, and definitive prosthetic phase were carried out accordingly. Once the treatment was completed, the patient was satisfied functionally and esthetically. Periodic examination of oral hygiene, occlusal stability was conducted.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.597-603
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• 2015

This study investigates the actual domestic and overseas cyclewear wearing conditions for male high school cyclists. The study results provide factors and degree of dissatisfaction as basic data for cyclewear development. This study was conducted on 35 male high school cyclists (freshman to seniors) by a questionnaire and interview method. Study results were: Male high school cyclists considered functionality as most important when they bought cyclewear and the brand they most often bought was a cheap domestic brand. Dissatisfaction with the crotch, thigh circumference and minimum leg circumference was higher than other parts during wearing. A cyclist is more sensitive to wear because they require more lower body motion than other parts. Cyclewear should be: less transformed even by frequent laundering, made of breathable material and use a sewing technique that minimizes air resistance and increases fit the body. Functional pads ergonomically designed with high tactile materials should be developed to prevent 'saddle sore' and groin soreness region that happens because of a lower body bending posture when cycling. A follow-up study is recommended to further develop excellence in cyclewear functionality and dimension suitability for male high school cyclists through the size system.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.540-546
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• 1994

The authors treated three patients who chiefly complained functional anterior crossbite due to premature loss of primary molars by using removable space maintainer and functional appliances. In orthodontic practice, the mandibular rest position and the possibility of taking construction bite have been as the criteria for evaluation of functional factors involved in anterior crossbite. Functional anterior crossbites, if left untreated, may have deleterious effects on the development and function of craniofacial complex and TMJ. Objectives of the treatment were as follows: 1) to recover vertical dimension 2) to eliminate functional disharmony 3) to correct anterior reversed occlusion 4) to attain good facial esthetics 5) to prevent unfavorable growth of jaw & dentition Characterized craniofacial morphology resulting from the premature loss of deciduous molars could be recovered following the correction of crossbite. Therefore, it is recommended that in orthodontic diagnosis of functional anterior crossbite due to premature loss of deciduous molars, the craniofacial abnormality affected by that should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.69-79
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• 1999

Recently, new concept and paradigm of 'Environmentally-Friendless' is taking a growing interest in environmental planning and design. This study is to develop the new approach of sustainable development, and to establish the indicators for environmentally-friendliness of "Tourism Farms" in rural areas. A questionnaire survey was conducted for deputy manager group and expert group. The environmentally-friendliness of tourism farms is composed of three categories, conservation of global environment(Low Impact), friendliness to surrounding nature(High Contact), and environmental health and amenities (Health '||'&'||' Amenity). Four indicators, such as saving of energy and water resource, reduction and reuse of garbage, natural purification of sewage disposal, and utilization of natural energy, were affecting the first category, i.e., conservation of global environment(Low Impact). And, friendliness to surrounding nature (High Contact) is affected by 3 indicators, such as contact to nature and diverse green areas, water intimate '||'&'||' contact areas, and natural ecology observation by biotope. Finally, the dimension of environmental health and amenity is affected by 3 indicators, such as nature affinity by farming experience, environmental-friendliness of soil '||'&'||' crops by organic farming, campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness. From the result of Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) for 10 indicators, environmentally-friendliness was recommended as 'Concentrate Here'. And, the content validity of 10 indicators for 3 categories was examined by factor analysis. The result showed as the same as hypothetical model, which proved the validity of hypothetical model.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2003

The dimensional stability of tissue conditioners characterizes the ability of the materials to yield accurate functional impressions of oral mucosa. This study evaluated the viscoelastic property and the linear dimensional changes with the factor of time and thickness of tissue conditioners ($COE-COMFORT^{TM}$, Visco-gel. $COE-SOFT^{TM}$, Soft-Liner). The thickness of these materials were changed (1.5mm, 3.0mm) and the percentage changes in dimension were measured at 1h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 3day, 7day after specimen preparation. From the results large differences appear between the various tissue conditioners. The results suggest that the period recommended for forming functional impression would be 2-3days after insertion in the mouth. in addition. it is important to select tissue conditioners suitable for functional impression because of the wide range of dimensional stability among the materials.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2003

Purpose: This study is designed to identify clusters according to the causal attribution that people make about the cancer and to determine influences of coping behavior and depression as output of causal attribution. Method: The subjects were 192 patients who had been diagnosed cancer one year ago and attended an outpatient clinic. For cancer patients to be classified homogenious groups according to causal attribution, cluster analysis of subjects' ratings on the Causal Dimension Scale was been made. Results: Cluster 1(n=71) had patients with having external, stable and uncontrollable attribution. Cluster 2(n =70) had patients with having unstable and external controllable attribution regarding cause of cancer. They were not important whether cause of cancer was self or other. Cluster 3(n=51) had patients with having internal, unstable and internal controllable attribution. Coping behaviors between cluster 1 and 3 were significant difference. However, depression was not significant difference among clusters. Conclusion: Based upon these results, it is recommended that the developing training program to be changed to the more positive attribution is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.393-399
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• 2016

In this study, an experiment was conducted using a 3D scanner, commonly used in reverse engineering techniques, and the newly introduced CT measuring machine. The hole, width, and angle of specimens having various shapes were designated, the error rates in dimensional modelling generated during scanning with each device were compared, and the models were printed using a 3D printer. A secondary comparative analysis of the two printed specimens was conducted; the causes of dimension errors that occur during the printing process after scanning with each device and the differences associated with variation in shape were also analyzed. Based on the analysis results, the featured shape for each scanning application method and issues to consider in reverse engineering were presented, and the use of the CT measuring machine was recommended as a method to minimize error rates in dimensions and ensure efficient reverse engineering.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 2017

A finite element analysis is proposed to study the effect of specimen dimensions on lateral diffusion of hydrogen during hydrogen permeation flux measurements. The error of measurement on thick specimens because of 1D diffusion approximation may be as much as 70%. A critical condition for accurate measurements is to designate the area of hydrogen monitoring/exit surface smaller than the area of hydrogen charging/entry surface. For thin to medium thickness specimens (ratio of thickness to specimen radius of 5:10 and below), the charging surface should be maximized and the monitoring surface should be minimized. In case of relatively thick specimens (ratio of thickness to specimen radius above of 5:10), use of a hydrogen-diffusion barrier on the specimen boundaries is recommended. It would completely eliminate lateral losses of hydrogen, but cannot eliminate the deviation towards 2D diffusion near the side edges. In such a case, the charging surface should be maximized and the monitoring surface should be as closer in dimension as the charging surface. A regression analysis was carried out and an analytical relationship between the maximum measurement error and the specimen dimensions is proposed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.39-45
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• 2013

Purpose - The paper aims at testing the moderating effect of individualism dimension of culture on consumer behavioural intention about bank services in Nigeria. Research design, data, and methodology - A survey was conducted with a sample of five hundred and fifty five bank customers drawn from various retails banks. Using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Analysis of Moment Structure, combinations of descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Invariance test and multiple-group analysis were conducted in order to assess the moderating effect. The invariance test was necessary to confirm the equivalence of constructs so that any difference detected thereafter could be related to moderating effect. Results - The results show that individualism has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between technical quality, perceived value and corporate image on the one hand, and behavioural intention on the other. However, individualism does not moderate the association between functional quality and behavioral intention. Conclusions - It is recommended that the bank policy makers should take necessary step to enhance the customer perception of technical quality, perceived value and corporate image with respect the retail bank services.