• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 2001

This paper presents a development of the recoil rod pull force measurement system suing the load cell with a sleeve normally available in the recoil system test. The commercial load cell cannot be used in the test of recoil system floating the breach contact point freely in the air. The load cell is designed and manufactured to meet the recoil system test condition. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the accuracy of the developed measurement system is within $\pm$0.5%. We notice that the measurement technique proposed in this paper is accurate and useful in the recoil rod pull force measurement of the recoil system.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a recoil measurement and analysis of K2 rifle for the development of a virtual reality marksmanship training in the Republic of Korea Army. Methods: For the recoil measurement, a test-bed is built by a barrel that has exact dimensions of K2 rifle and three piezoelectric pressure sensors mounted on the barrel. Data of over 200 rounds of 5.56mm M193 and K100 bullets are collected and analyzed from live fire experiments. For the recoil analysis, both the free recoil method and the gas exhaust aftereffect method are used to calculate a recoil velocity, momentum and kinetic energy of K2 rifle by applying the law of conservation of momentum. In addition, a new method is proposed that uses the third law of motion and the chamber pressure model for the recoil measurement Results: The results show how different between the previous and proposed methods with respect to M193 and K100 bullets of K2 rifle. In M193, the free recoil method demonstrates 1.113, 4.197, and 2.335, the gas exhaust aftereffect method computes 1.698, 6.407, and 5.441, and the proposed method calculates 0.990, 3.734, and 1.848 in recoil velocity, momentum and kinetic energy, respectively. In K100, the free recoil method demonstrates 1.190, 4.487, and 2.669, the gas exhaust aftereffect method computes 1.776, 6.699, and 5.949, and the proposed method calculates 1.060, 3.998, and 2.119 in recoil velocity, momentum and kinetic energy, respectively. Conclusion: This study implements live fire experiments to provide recoil velocity, momentum, and kinetic energy of K2 rifle using both M193 and K100 bullets. For the development of the army virtual reality marksmanship, the results in this paper would be useful to design and produce a gun and/or a rifle of virtual reality.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.214-219
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• 2000

This paper presents a recoil and counter recoil motion measurement system using linear variable differential transformers (LVDT). The output of the LVDT is obtained from the differential voltage of the secondary transformers. Since a transducer core is attached to the motion body, the output is directly proportional to the movement length of the core. Displacement, velocity and acceleration are measured from the LVDT. With a comparison between the measurement result and the reference value obtained by the highly accurate Vernier calipers, it is proved that the measurement system with the LVDT is applicable to the test of the moving part of the mechanism with better accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.1033-1036
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• 1996

In Pistol, the peak recoil force affects the reliability of the frame and the accuracy of target shooting. To attenuate the peak recoil force of pistol, we develop measuring test bed, which consists of force sensors, linear sensor and a high speed video camera, execute tests with several Pistol models and compare the results measured.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.11-17
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• 2003

Recoil force exerted on the substrate during a nanosecond laser ablation of silicon is measured. The ablation sample is placed at the end of a 400 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick and 13 mm long silicon cantilever. The vibration amplitude of the cantilever induced by the recoil force is measured in real time with a probe beam. By comparing the deflection amplitude of the cantilever with a theoretical model, the recoil momentum is estimated. For laser irradiance in the order of 10$\^$11/ W/$\textrm{cm}^2$, the recoil pressure reached a value over 40${\times}$10$\^$9/ Pa.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.1073-1077
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• 1996

This paper presents a recoil and counter recoil(R&CR) motion measurement method using linear variable differential transformers(LVDT). The output of a LVDT is obtained from the differential voltage of the 2nd transformers. As a sensor core is attached at the motion body, the output is directly proportional to the core motion. Displacement, velocity and acceleration are measure from the core length. With a comparison between the measurement result and the known value which is obtained by the precision steel tape, the accuracy and the usefulness of the proposed scheme is validated.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.1 s.94
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• pp.87-94
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• 1999

The peak recoil force in a pistol have an effect on the reliability of the frame and target shooting. The experimental system has been established for measurement of the peak recoil force, which consists of force and velocity sensors, high speed camera. For effective operation of the system, a software has also developed, and combined with the hardwares. Several pistols have been tested and compared quantitatively on the peak recoil force and impact energy. It is concluded that the established system can be utilzed for checking peak force, and data accumulation for new pistol design.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1998

One macroscopic effect in the free-running Er:YAG laser is an accumulation of microscopic effects. Understanding of the exogenous water induced mechanical effect on the dental hard tissue by the Qswitched Er:YAG laser has an important impact on the further understanding of the free-running Er:YAG laser ablation on the dental hard tissue. The Q-switched Er:YAG laser (1-$\mu$s-long pulse width) was used in the recoil pressure measurement with an aid of water-jet system and a pressure transducer. The amplitude of the recoil pressure depends on the tooth surface conditions (dry and wet) and the volume of the water upon it. Wet surfaces yielded higher recoil pressure than that of dry, surface, and as the volume of the exogenous water drop increased, the amplitude of the recoil pressure increased also.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.455-460
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• 1997

This paper presents a recoil and counter recoil motion measurement method using linear variable differential transformers(LVDT). The output of a LVDT is obtained from the differential voltage of the 2nd transformers. As the sensor core is attached to the motion body, the output is directly proportional to the core motion. Displacement, velocity and acceleration are measured from the core length. A comparison between the measurement result and the known value, which is obtained by the precision steel tape, shows that the accuracy and the usefulness of the proposed scheme is validated.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.1380-1383
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• 1996

This paper presents a recoil and counter recoil(R&CR) motion measurement method using linear variable differential transformers(LVDT). The output of a LVDT is obtained from the differential voltage of the 2nd transformers. As a sensor core is attached at the motion body, the output is directly proportional to the core motion. Displacement, velocity and acceleration are measure from the core length. With a comparison between the measurement result and the known value which is obtained by the precision steel tape, the accuracy and the usefulness of the proposed scheme is validated.