• Title/Summary/Keyword: Receptor, Epidermal growth factor

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ERK1/2 activation by the C. elegans muscarinic acetylcholine receptor GAR-3 in cultured mammalian cells involves multiple signaling pathways

  • Shin, Young-Mi;Shin, Young-Ju;Kim, Seung-Woo;Park, Yang-Seo;Cho, Nam-Jeong
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.155-160
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    • 2010
  • Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) play important roles in a variety of biological processes including cell growth and differentiation. We have previously reported that GAR-3 activates ERK1/2 via phospholipase C and protein kinase C, presumably through pertussis toxin (PTX)-insensitive Gq proteins, in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Here we provide evidence that GAR-3 also activates ERK1/2 through PTX-sensitive G proteins, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), and Src family kinases in CHO cells. We further show that in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, epidermal growth factor receptor and Ras are required for efficient ERK1/2 activation by GAR-3. Taken together, our data indicate that GAR-3 evokes ERK1/2 activation through multiple signaling pathways in cultured mammalian cells.

Expression of DNA Methylation Marker of Paired-Like Homeodomain Transcription Factor 2 and Growth Receptors in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

  • Rahman, Wan Faiziah Wan Abdul;Fauzi, Mohd Hashairi;Jaafar, Hasnan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권19호
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    • pp.8441-8445
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    • 2014
  • Background: Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) is another new marker in breast carcinoma since hypermethylation at P2 promoter of this gene was noted to be associated with poor prognosis. We investigated the expression of PITX2 protein using immunohistochemistry in invasive ductal carcinoma and its association with the established growth receptors such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2). Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study using 100 samples of archived formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of invasive ductal carcinoma and stained them with immunohistochemistry for PITX2, ER, PR and HER2. All HER2 with scoring of 2+ were confirmed with chromogenic in-situ hybridization (CISH). Results: PITX2 protein was expressed in 53% of invasive ductal carcinoma and lack of PITX2 expression in 47%. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between PITX2 expression with PR (p=0.001), ER (p=0.006), gland formation (p=0.044) and marginal association with molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma (p=0.051). Combined ER and PR expression with PITX2 was also significantly associated (p=0.003) especially in double positive cases. Multivariate analysis showed the most significant association between PITX2 and PR (RR 4.105, 95% CI 1.765-9.547, p=0.001). Conclusion: PITX2 is another potential prognostic marker in breast carcinoma adding significant information to established prognostic factors of ER and PR. The expression of PITX2 together with PR may carry a very good prognosis.

BQ-788 (ENDOTHELIN-B RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST) BLOCKS KERATINOCYTE-INDUCED DENDRICITY 01 CULTURED IHELANOCYTES

  • Cho, Joon-Hwan;Lee, Ki-Moo;Kim, Nam-Soo;Seonghyang Sohn;Kang, Won-Hyoung
    • 대한화장품학회지
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.134-145
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    • 1998
  • Facial hyperpigmentation in women, which is considered to be a serious cosmetic disability and a cause of mental distress, requires proper management. Melanocyte dendricity is a crucial factor affecting epidermal pigmentation. We found that BQ-788, the endothelin-B (ETB) receptor antagonist, blocks the formation of multi-dendricity which is induced by cocultured keratinocytes. Melanocytes in vivo show numerous dendrites which are in close contact with multiple keratinocytes, forming the epidermal-melanin unit. While melanocytes transfer their melanosomes into the neighboring keratinocytes via dendrites, keratinocytes secrete many growth factors and cytokines that influence viability, morphology, and melanin formation of melanocytes. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), prostaglandin E2(PGE2), and leukotriene-C4 (LT-C4) have been suggested as the candidates for increasing dendricity. Other reports suggested that ET-1 has stimulatory effects on proliferation and melanin formation of melanocytes in vitro. In the present study, using type-specific ET receptor antagonists, we observed how the morphology of melanocytes could be modulated in a coculture system. In addition, the roles of ET-1 for morphology and proliferation on melanocytes were evaluated in different culture media. We suggest that ET-1 increases dendricity and proliferation of melanocytes, and that its dendrite-inducing effect and mitogenic effect are regulated independently.

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Citron Essential Oils Alleviate the Mediators Related to Rosacea Pathophysiology in Epidermal Keratinocytes

  • Jeon, Hyeon Woo;Na, Eui Young;Yun, Sook Jung;Lee, Seung-Chul;Lee, Jee-Bum
    • Annals of dermatology
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.653-661
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    • 2018
  • Background: Citron is well known for an abundance of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory ingredients such as vitamin C, polyphenol compounds, flavonoids, and limonoids. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of citron essential oils on rosacea mediators in activated keratinocytes in vitro. Methods: Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were stimulated with $1{\alpha}$, 25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ ($VD_3$) and interleukin 33 (IL-33) with LL-37 to induce rosacea mediators such as kallikrein 5 (KLK5), cathelicidin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). These mediators were analyzed by performing reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR, immunocytofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after NHEKs were treated with citron seed and unripe citron essential oils. Results: The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of KLK5 and LL-37 induced by $VD_3$ were suppressed by citron seed and unripe citron essential oils. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of VEGF and TRPV1 induced by IL-33 with LL-37 were also suppressed by citron essential oils. Conclusion: These results show that citron essential oils have suppressive effects on rosacea mediators in activated epidermal keratinocytes, which indicates that the citron essential oils may be valuable adjuvant therapeutic agents for rosacea.

Molecular docking to EGFR tyrosine kinase domain : Structural Validation against Crystal Structures

  • 장준영
    • EDISON SW 활용 경진대회 논문집
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    • 제5회(2016년)
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    • pp.126-130
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    • 2016
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)는 HER family에 속하는 tyrosine kinase receptor로서 다양한 하류경로로 신호를 전달하여 세포 증식, 혈관 형성, 세포 사멸을 억제하는 역할을 한다. EGFR이 폐암의 형성에 중요한 역할을 하고 많은 상피세포 종양에서 비정상적으로 활성화됨에 따라 암 치료에 중요한 역할을 하고 있어 EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)에 관한 많은 연구가 이루어졌다. 위와 같은 약 개발에 있어서 현재 가상 시뮬레이션을 통한 약 후보물질 개발이 진행되고 있다. 특히, Molecular docking 시뮬레이션은 기존의 실험적인 기술(X-ray crystallography, NMR)로는 연구하기가 어려웠던 protein과 ligand간의 상호작용을 예측하여 이에 대한 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 하지만, 우선적으로 Molecular docking 시뮬레이션은 정확한 validation을 기반으로 진행되어야 신뢰할 수 있는 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 따라서 이번 연구에서는 EDISON에서 제공하는 Dock 프로그램과 일반적으로 잘 알려진 Glide, Autodock 프로그램으로 protein data bank(PDB)에서 제공하는 EGFR wild type cocrystal을 redocking하는 방식을 통하여 최상위 rank pose의 RMSD 값을 통한 validation 성능을 비교함으로써 어떤 프로그램이 EGFR과 ligand 간의 결합예측을 하는데 있어서 보다 더 정확한 결과를 낼 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였고 시뮬레이션 결과 Autodock에서 가장 우수한 결과 값을 보여주었다.

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폐암환자의 암조직내 CYFRA 21-1과 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor의 측정치에 대한 연구 (The Study of CYFRA 21-1 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Levels in Cancer Tissue of Bronchogenic Carcinoma Patients)

  • 김대연;김송명
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제30권9호
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    • pp.854-861
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    • 1997
  • CYFRA 21-1은 폐암중에서 편평상피성 암세포의 세포질에 존재하는 세포각질 분절 19의 분절들로서 암세 포가 파괴되거나 분해시 혈중내로 유리되는 것으로 특징적인 2개의 단일클론성의 항체인 KS 19-1과 BM 19-21로서 면역 방사계수검사를 이용하면 혈청내에 용해된 량을 정량할 수 있다. 암세포의 세포벽에 존재하는 EGF-R과 EGF에 대하여 관심이 집중되고 있다. EGF-R의 존재는 클론성 비소세포암 세포계열을 조사한 결과 4종의 비소세포암들은 EGF-R을 발현한다고 밝혀졌다. 그러나 현재의 검사법으로는 EGF 검출이 어려워서 EGF보다 TCF-Q의 역할에 초점이 모여지고 있다. 폐암세포에 EGF-R의 존재는 자가분비나 부분비성 성장기전이 작용된다는 것을 시사한다. 아울러 정상인 의 혈청과 소변에서 검출이 되며, 이러한 사실을 종합해 본 결과 EGF-R은 폐암의 발달과 진행에 중요한 역 할을 할 것으로 추정된다. 폐암으로 확진된 30례의 환자를 연구 대상으로 하고, 개흉수술로 적출한 표본을 주병소와 이행부위 그리 고 대조부위로 구분하여 조직 절편을 약 5 m3크기로각각 잘라서 액화 질소에 급속 냉동 보관을 하였다. 냉 동 보관한 조직 절편을 조직마쇄 藪$[$\ulcorner마쇄시킨후 원심분리기에서 상층액을 일정량 채취하여 방사선면역 분석법으로 CYFRA 21-1과 EGF-R 정량검사를 시행하였으며, 그 결과를 조직학적 분류와 병기에 따른 분류 로 상호 비교 분석하였다. 이상과 같은 연구결과로 아래와 같은 요점들을 발견하였다. 1. 암 이행부위에서는 악성화를 나타내는 경향이 더욱 활발하여 세포질성분의 부족으로 CYFRA 21-1의 농도 는 낮게 나타났다. CYFRA 21-1의 농도는 암이행부위에서 가장 낮았고, 병기가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 대 조조직에서는 세포질 성분이 풍부하여 주병변부위보다도 CYFRA 21-1의 농도가 높게 나왔다. 2. EGF-R의 농도는 주병변부위에서 가장 높게 나왔고, 편평세포암에서 보다는 선암에서 높았고, 병기별로는 1, 1띠에서는 이행부위가 111, IV기에섞는 주병변부위가 높게 나왔다. EGF-R의 농도는 대조조직보다는 암 주병변부위로 갈수록 증가하였다. 3. CYFBLt 21-1은 세포질성분이며, EGF-R은 세포벽 성분으로서 두 물질사이에 상관관계가 없었다. 결론적으로 현재까지 CYFRA 21-1은 혈청 내에서만 주로 연구되어져 왔으며 비소세포암 중에서 특히 편 평세포암종에서 의미있게 증가한다고 하였다. 그러나,. CYFRA 21-1의 조직과 혈청 내의 정량치가 뜻하는 의 미는 서로 달랐으며, 암조직내에서 대조조직내보다 CYFRA 21-1 치가 더 낮게 나온 것은 암세포내 에서는 세 포질 성분의 고갈로 인한 것으로 추정되며 암세포의 활동성과는 무관한 것으로 판단된다. EGF-R은 세포벽내에 존재하는 수용체로서 암세포의 증식에 따라 증가하는 양상을 보이며 대조조직보다는 암세포에서 유의한 증가를 보이는 것은 종양 증식과 암표지자로서 의의가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

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Endocytic Regulation of EGFR Signaling

  • Chung, Byung-Min
    • Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.3.1-3.7
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    • 2012
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the ErbB family (ErbB1-4) of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). EGFR controls numerous physiological functions, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival. Importantly, aberrant signaling by EGFR has been linked to human cancers in which EGFR and its various ligands are frequently overexpressed or mutated. EGFR coordinates activation of multiple downstream factors and is subject of various regulatory processes as it mediates biology of the cell it resides in. Therefore, many studies have been devoted to understanding EGFR biology and targeting the protein for the goal of controlling tumor in clinical settings. Endocytic regulation of EGFR offers a promising area for targeting EGFR activity. Upon ligand binding, the activated receptor undergoes endocytosis and becomes degraded in lysosome, thereby terminating the signal. En route to lysosome, the receptor becomes engaged in activating various signaling pathways including PI-3K, MAPK and Src, and endocytosis may offer both spatial and temporal regulation of downstream target activation. Therefore, endocytosis is an important regulator of EGFR signaling, and increasing emphasis is being placed on endocytosis in terms of cancer treatment and understanding of the disease. In this review, EGFR signaling pathway and its intricate regulation by endocytosis will be discussed.

Phosphorylation of REPS1 at Ser709 by RSK attenuates the recycling of transferrin receptor

  • Kim, Seong Heon;Cho, Jin-hwa;Park, Bi-Oh;Park, Byoung Chul;Kim, Jeong-Hoon;Park, Sung Goo;Kim, Sunhong
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제54권5호
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    • pp.272-277
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    • 2021
  • RalBP1 associated EPS domain containing 1 (REPS1) is conserved from Drosophila to humans and implicated in the endocytic system. However, an exact role of REPS1 remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-p90 ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK) signaling pathway directly phosphorylated REPS1 at Ser709 upon stimulation by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and amino acid. While REPS2 is known to be involved in the endocytosis of EGF receptor (EGFR), REPS1 knockout (KO) cells did not show any defect in the endocytosis of EGFR. However, in the REPS1 KO cells and the KO cells reconstituted with a non-phosphorylatable REPS1 (REPS1 S709A), the recycling of transferrin receptor (TfR) was attenuated compared to the cells reconstituted with wild type REPS1. Collectively, we suggested that the phosphorylation of REPS1 at S709 by RSK may have a role of the trafficking of TfR.

Antivascular Therapy via Inhibition of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in an Orthotopic Murine Model of Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

  • Park, Young-Wook;Kang, Hye-Jeong;Park, Jung-Min
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.59-70
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: We evaluated the therapeutic effect of AEE788, a dual inhibitor of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinases on human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) cells growing in nude mice. Experimental Design: We examined the effects of AEE788 on salivary ACC cell growth and apoptosis. To determine the in vivo effects of AEE788, nude mice with orthotopic parotid tumors were randomized to receive oral AEE788 (50 mg/kg) three times per week, injected paclitaxel ($200{\mu}g$) once per week, AEE788 plus paclitaxel, or placebo. Mechanisms of in vivo AEE788 activity were determined by immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Treatment of salivary ACC cells with AEE788 led to growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. AEE788 inhibited tumor growth and prevented lung metastasis in nude mice. Furthermore, AEE788 potentiated growth inhibition and apoptosis of ACC tumor cells mediated by paclitaxel. Tumors of mice treated with AEE788 and AEE788 plus paclitaxel exhibited down-regulation of activated EGFR and its downstream mediators (Akt and MAPK), increased tumor and endothelial cell apoptosis, and decreased microvessel den-sity, which correlated with a decrease in the level of MMP-9, MMP-2 and bFGF expression and a decrease in the incidence of vascular metastasis. Conclusions: These data show that tumor-associated endothelial cells are important in the process of tumor-metastasis. And VEGFR can be a molecular target for therapy of metastatic lung lesion of salivary ACC.

리포다당질 (lipopolysaccharide)에 의한 기관지 점액 생성 기전에서 호중구와 상피세포 성장인자 수용체 (epidermal growth factor receptor)의 역할 (The Role of Neutrophils and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mucus Hypersecretion)

  • 박상면;박수연;허규영;이승헌;김제형;이상엽;신철;심재정;인광호;강경호;유세화
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제54권1호
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    • pp.80-90
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    • 2003
  • 배경 : 본 연구에서는 세균성 리포다당질(lipopolysac-charide, LPS)로 인한 호중구성 염증이 EGFR 시스템을 통해서 배상 세포의 이형성 및 점액의 과다 분비를 유발할 것이라는 가설 하에, LPS와 MMPs 억제제(matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, MMPI)를 투여한 후 EGFR 및 MMP-9의 발현을 연구하고자 하였다. 방법 : Pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley 를, 다양한 농도의 LPS를 투여한 군과 투여하지 않은 대조군으로 나누어 기도의 조직학적인 변화를 날짜 별로 관찰하였고, MMPI(CMT-3)를 LPS 투여 3일 전부터 매일 구강을 통해 섭식시켰다. 호중구의 침윤은 다섯 개의 고배율 시야에서 관찰된 호중구의 수로 정량화하여 비교하였고, mucus glycoconjugate에 대한 AB/PAS 염색 및 MUC5AC, EGFR, MMP-9에 대한 면역조직화학 염색 (immunohistochemical stain)을 시행하였다 결과 : LPS를 투여한 경우 기도 상피의 AB/PAS 및 MUC5AC의 염색 정도는 시간 및 용량 의존적으로 증가하였고, MMPI를 치료할 경우에 LPS로 인한 배상세포의 과형성이 유의하게 감소하였다. LPS를 주입할 경우 호중구의 침윤이 증가하였고 기도 상피에서 EGFR의 발현을 증가시켰다. MMPI로 치료할 경우 LPS로 인한 호중구의 침윤 및 EGFR의 발현 그리고 배상세포의 과형성이 현저하게 감소되었다. 결론 : Matrix metalloproteinase는 호중구성 염증 및 EGFR에 의해 발생하는 LPS에 의한 배상 세포의 과형성 및 점액 과다분비의 기전에 있어서 밀접하게 관련되고, 따라서 점액 과다분비를 특징으로 하는 세균 감염으로 인한 기도 질환의 치료에 있어서 MMPI가 잠재적인 임상적 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.