• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.391-399
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• 2012

Multipath remains a dominant source of ranging errors in GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). And it is generally considered undesirable in the context of GNSS, since the reception of multipath can make significant distortion to the shape of the correlation function. In this paper, therefore, the model of the distorted shape of the correlation function is formulated and a MBME (Model-Based Multipath Estimation) technique for GPS L1/L5 receivers is proposed in order to estimate the parameters of the indirect signal such as the amplitude and the delay. The MBME technique does not require the any hardware modifications and it can estimate the parameters for both the short and long-delay multipath. Especially, it would be the very effective technique for the short-delay multipath if the L5 signal is available. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed technique has been confirmed by simulation results.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.225-230
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• 2015

This study presents a method for generating IEC 61850 Sampled Values(SV) traffic by combining the emulation function of network simulator ns-3 with the actual communication equipment. For the SV traffic generation and reception, the emulation function of the network simulator ns-3 is used, while as a communication network, the actual communication equipment, switches are used. In addition, the SV traffic frames generated are analyzed, using Wireshark, and it is confirmed that the SV traffic frames are generated accurately. The method for the SV traffic generation proposed in the present study will be very useful when various SV traffics are generated under the environment of an actual substation.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

When a fault occurs in a power system, the existing analytic models for the power system fault diagnosis could generate multiple solutions under the condition of one or more protective relays (PRs) and/or circuit breakers (CBs) malfunctioning, and/or an alarm or alarms of these PRs and/or CBs failing. Therefore, this paper presents an improved analytic model addressing the above problem. It takes into account the interaction between the uncertainty involved with PR operation and CB tripping and the uncertainty of the alarm reception, which makes the analytic model more reasonable. In addition, the existing analytic models apply the penalty function method to deal with constraints, which is influenced by the artificial setting of the penalty factor. In order to avoid the penalty factor's effects, this paper transforms constraints into an objective function, and then puts forward an improved immune clonal multi-objective optimization algorithm to solve the optimal solution. Finally, the cases of the power system fault diagnosis are served for demonstrating the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model and method.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.91-96
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• 2008

An image scalablity function is noted as technology to embody One Source-Multi-use's Image division by the network Bandwidth and diversification of resolution of reception terminal recently. In MPEG present H.264/MPEG-4 AVC that do to standardization of SVC (Scalable Video Coding) that know go and SVC can offer space time SNR scalability. But, encoding that do scalable usually is known that encoding efficiency drops than encoding that do rain scalable during time and treatise that see. Examine technique to plan improvement of management quality as that aim to time, SNR scalability in treatise that see so and change FGS (Fine Granular Scalability) function that offer SNR scalability that do about scalability's particle size and encoding efficiency relation by SVC to foundation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.42-50
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• 2013

The upscale Korean restaurants that appeared as a way for the globalization of Korean food by introducing Western modern elements into Korean traditional elements are presenting a new direction. For this study, the researcher visited a total of ten modernized upscale Korean restaurants including five ones in each of Seoul (Dadam, Bistro Seoul, Bicena, Today, and Poom Seoul) and New York (Gaonnuri, Danji, Ban, Jung Restaurant, Korea Spoon), where the globalization of Korean food is concentrated, and the results of comparing, investigating, and analyzing the characteristics of interior and spatial design through observation, photo taking, sketches and preparing a questionnaire were as follows. First, a modernized upscale Korean restaurant was first built in New York in 2011, and then also appeared in Seoul in 2012. The Korean restaurants in New York were mostly operated by individual person, while the Korean restaurants in Seoul were operated by large corporation. Second, the spatial configuration elements were classified into the reception, garden and rooms in Seoul and into the reception, bar hall and rooms in New York depending on the function of the interior space, showing differences in the spatial configuration elements of the garden and bar. There was a difference in spatial layout; the restaurants in Seoul were room-centered, while the ones in New York were hall-centered. Third, in terms of spatial design elements, the size of the space and furniture in the reception space of the Korean restaurants in New York were smaller as compare to those in Seoul, while the restaurants in New York represented Korean atmosphere by decorating many Korean traditional elements. The Korean restaurants in New York gave consistency to the design of the hall space as compared to the restaurants in Seoul by decorating interior decorative accessories associated with the restaurant name. The Korean restaurants in Seoul decorated room space by using more traditional elements as compared to the restaurants in New York. Fourth, in terms of food design elements, the restaurants in Seoul are characterized by the introduction of Western services and table setting, while the restaurants in New York sought originality that applied foreign ways as compared to the restaurants in Seoul. The results of this study can be used as useful basic data when setting the interior spatial design guidelines for the modernized upscale Korean restaurants that advance into the world beyond Seoul and New York, and it is expected that in-depth follow-up studies would be conducted in various cities beyond Seoul and New York where there are modernized upscale Korean restaurants based on the results of this study.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.427-438
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• 1998

The bit error rate(BER) performance of Trellis Coded QPSK signal in the presence of cochannel interference (CCI) and Rician fading is investigated. The trellis coded QPSK system adopts Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) diversity reception and Reed-Solomon code to enhance system performance. Using the derived error probability equation, the error performance of trellis coded QPSK system has been evaluated and shown in figures to discuss as a function of signal power to noise power ratio (SNR), signal power to interference power ratio(SIR), direct to indirect signal power ratio ($K_R$), the number of diversity branch (M), the frame length of Reed-Solomon code (n), the number of error correction symbol (t), and the number of state of trellis encoder. From the results, we know that proposed system is affected by cochannel interference and fading in microcell environment. Also, BER performance of Trellis Coded QPSK system can be improved as increasing either the power of desired signal or the value of SIR. And the BER floor in microcellular system is caused by the cochannel interference and it occurs at high BER when SIR is low. And Reed-Solomon code (n=15, t=2) is more effective to restrain the affection of CCI and fading than MRC diversity reception (M=2).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.1176-1185
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• 2000

In this paper, we analyze the distribution of the envelope of the received signal over frequency-nonselective slow Rician fading channels with aadditive white Gaussian noise(AWGN). Especially, we can obtain the error rate performance of noncoherent M-ary FSK(MFSK) over slow and flat Rician fading channels and AWGN from the new probability density function(PDF) of the envelope, not PDF of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) published before, of the received signal. When coherent MFSK signals experience the Rician fading channel, the performances are derived, using the union bound.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 1999

Hh proteins represent a new signaling paradigm in metazoan development. In species ranging from fruit flies to humans, Hh proteins mediate multiple processes vital to appropriate pattern formation in the developing embryo. Hh proteins undergo an autoprocessing event in which the full-length protein is cleaved into N-terminal and C-terminal domains (Hh-N and Hh-C, respectively), and a cholesterol moiety becomes covalently attached to Hh-N. All known signaling activities of Hh proteins are mediated by Hh-N while both the cleavage and cholesterol transfer reactions are mediated by Hh-C. The cholesterol attached to Hh-N is required to retrict the range of Hh signaling and may be involved in ensuring appropriate reception of the Hh signal in target tissues. Disruptions of Hh signaling pathways lead to severe developmental defects in newborns and cancers in adults. While studies of Hh proteins have yielded a wealth of new insight into the molecular mechanisms of metazoan development, many outstanding questions concerning Hh signaling mechanisms ensure that unraveling the secrets of this molecule will keep scientists well entertained for the foreseeable future.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.83-94
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• 1987

The floor plan of the folk houses in Korean-Middle area was "-" type, "ㄱ" type and "double " type. The common terms of lifespaces were Anbang(안방), Wootbang(웃방), Cunnunbang(건넌방), Taechung(대청), Maru(마루), Buoak(부엌), Chungji(정지), Sarangbang(사랑방), Bongdang(봉당). 1) Anbang was basically a master room and was a family room. The function of another presented in Anbang was a space of the dying hour, the mourning decorums, and the memorial services. 2) Wootbang, Cunnunbang was terms that coming from the space position. Such spaces were the private rooms of children. 3) Sarangbang was basically the space of a reception of guests. 4) Buoak, Chungji were cooking and working space. Primarily, Buoak was the terms meaned Bootumk(부뚜막) in Chosun dynasty. 5) Maru, Tachung were terms of presented from side of construction. Specially, it was the chief space in family in Summer. 6) Bongdang was a terms of space that mean working areas, entry hall etc.working areas, entry hall etc.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 1983

This paper presents a complete analysis for the derivation of the probability of error for a fast (or multiple-hops per bit) frequency hopping spread spectrum system employing binary FSK modulation and noncoherent reception in the presence of partial-band noise jamming and thermal noise. The worst-case error rate performances were obtained numerically and presented as a function of E /N with L as a parameter, where E /N and L are the signal bit energy-to-jamiming density ratio and the number of hops per bit, respectively.