• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제49권12호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2012

센서 네트워크는 센서가 설치된 지역에서 감지된 데이터를 무선으로 전달하는 기술로서, 기존 방식과 달리 에너지 효율이 매우 중요한 성능요소이다. 이러한 특성에 따라 많은 WSN MAC 프로토콜에서는 Wakeup과 Sleep을 반복하여 수행하는 Duty Cycle 기법을 활용하고 있지만, 고정적인 Wakeup 구간의 설정에 따라 획일화된 에너지 성능과 수신 성공률로 인하여 성능이 제한적이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 Duty Cycle 기반의 MAC 프로토콜을 개선하기 위하여, 채널 환경에 따라 동적으로 Wakeup 구간을 가변화시키는 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방식은 트래픽이 높은 환경에서 Wakeup 구간을 증가시켜 수신 성공률을 높이고, 트래픽이 낮은 환경에서 Wakeup 구간을 줄여 에너지 성능을 향상시켰다. 또한 본 논문에서는 제안하는 방식의 성능에 대한 효율적인 평가를 위하여 기존 동기식 및 비동기식 MAC의 결과와 제안방식을 적용한 MAC의 결과를 비교하고 이를 분석하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권5A호
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• pp.549-560
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• 2008

본 논문은 무선 네트워크 환경에서 채널 효율성을 높이기 위하여 두 개의 인터페이스를 사용하는 새로운 멀티채널 MAC 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 멀티채널 환경에서 기존에 제안된 대부분의 연구들은 컨트롤 메시지를 교환하기 위하여 공통 컨트롤 채널을 사용하였는데, 이것은 데이터 채널이 증가할 때 공통 컨트롤 채널에서 병목 현상을 야기 시킨다. 본 논문에서는 제안하는 멀티채널 MAC 프로토콜은 송수신용 채널을 분리하여 데이터와 컨트롤 패킷을 동시에 송수신하여 전체 네트워크 처리량을 높이고, 공통 컨트롤 채널이 없기 때문에 병목현상 문제가 발생하지 않는다. 또한 TDMA 방식을 사용하여 데이터 패킷과 컨트롤 패킷의 충돌을 피할 수 있고, 멀티채널환경에서 송수신 인터페이스가 다를 경우 발생하는 CTS 패킷이나 ACK 패킷의 충돌 가능성을 줄였다. 모의실험결과는 제안된 멀티채널 MAC 프로토콜이 기존의 방법과 비교해서 전체 네트워크 처리량과 채널 효율성을 크게 향상시키는 것을 보여준다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2019

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) using communications, sensors, and navigation equipment will play a key role in future warfare. Currently, UAVs are monitored to prevent misfire and accidents, and the conventional method adopted uses wires for data transmission and power supply. The repeated connection and disconnection of cables increases maintenance time and harms the connector. For convenience and stability, a wireless power transfer system to power UAVs is needed. Unlike other wireless power transfer (WPT) applications, the size of the receiving coils must be small, so that the WPT systems can be embedded inside space-limited UAVs. The small size reduces the coupling coefficient and transfer efficiency between the transmitting and the receiving coils. In this study, we propose a toroidal-shaped coil for a WPT system for UAVs with high coupling coefficient with minimum space requirements. For validation, conventional coils and the proposed toroidal-shaped coil were used and their coupling coefficient and power transfer efficiency were compared using simulated and measured results. The simulated and measured results were strongly correlated, confirming that the proposed WPT system significantly improved efficiency with negligible change in the space requirement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.659-665
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• 2016

The effects of three different feeding systems on beef cattle production performance, rumen fermentation, and rumen digesta particle structure were investigated by using 18 Limousin (steers) with a similar body weight ($575{\pm}10kg$) in a 80-d experiment. The animals were equally and randomly divided into three treatment groups, namely, total mixed ration group (cattle fed TMR), SI1 group (cattle fed concentrate firstly then roughage), and SI2 group (cattle fed roughage firstly then concentrate). The results showed that the average daily gain was significantly higher in cattle receiving TMR than in those receiving SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05). Consumption per kg weight gain of concentrate, silage, and combined net energy (NEmf) were significantly decreased when cattle received TMR, unlike when they received SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05), indicating that the feed efficiency of TMR was the highest. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly decreased when cattle received TMR compared with that in cattle receiving SI1 (p<0.05), whereas there was no difference compared with that in cattle receiving SI2. Ammonia nitrogen concentration was significantly lower in cattle receiving TMR than in those receiving SI1 and SI2 (p<0.05). The rumen area of cattle that received TMR was significantly larger than that of cattle receiving SI1 (p<0.05), but there was no difference compared with that of cattle receiving SI2. Although there was no significant difference among the three feeding systems in rumen digesta particle distribution, the TMR group trended to have fewer large- and medium-sized particles and more small-sized particles than those in the SI1 and SI2 groups. In conclusion, cattle with dietary TMR showed increased weight gain and ruminal development and decreased BUN. This indicated that TMR feeding was more conducive toward improving the production performance and rumen fermentation of beef cattle.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.203-208
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to compare the different shapes of condenser of the direct contact heat transfer from the heat pipe condenser to the receiving water using CFD. The heat transfer from the working fluid of the heat pipe to receiving fluid flows through the manifolder is one of the important part in evacuated solar collector system. The retrenchment of the thermal resistance between the heat pipe and the manifolder could increase the thermal performances of the whole system. Recently, direct heat transfer from the heat pipe condenser wall to the receiving water was suggested and accompanied experiments were achieved. This experiment shows the better performances of the direct contact heat transfer analogically. Preceding calculations are carried out for the performance comparison: mesh dependence test, discretization method test and equation model test. with these preceding tests, 4 different shapes of condenser are compared and each case were set up for the same heat flux at the condenser wall. The calculation result shows that the efficiency of the extended surface condenser shape is 10% higher then the that of the others.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2012

Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) was used as carrier for the transport of Golden yellow and Cibacron LSG dyes through a hexane bulk liquid membrane. The transport efficiency of dyes by TBP was investigated under various experimental conditions such as pH of the feed phase (dyes solution), concentration of the receiving phase (NaOH solution), concentration of TBP in membrane, rate of stirring, effect of transport time, type of solvent, dye concentration in feed phase, effect of temperature.. The maximum transport dyes occurs at ratio of 1:1 TBP-hexane At pH 3.0 0.1 (feed phase) the transport dyes decreased. At high stirring speed (300 rpm) the dyes transport from the feed phase to the strip phase was completed within 60 minutes at $27^{\circ}C$. Under optimum conditions: Feed phase 100 mg/L dyes solution at pH 1.0 0.1, receiving phase 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution, membrane phase 1:1 TBP-hexane , Stirring speed 300 rpm and temperature $27^{\circ}C$, the proposed liquid membrane was applied to recover the textile effluent.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to observe the differences in growth of creeping bentgrass turf to 'polymer coated urea fertilizer' and 'uncoated urea fertilizer', and to analyze durability of fertilizer effect with the 'polymer coated urea'. The experiment was initiated on June 3, 1996, at the Iowa State University Horticulture Research Station, north of Ames, Iowa. The experiment was conducted on an area of 'Penneagle' Creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris) maintained at fair-'way mowing height (1.3cm). The study was repeated at the same arrangement beginning on July 25, 1996. Visual quality data, clipping fresh and dry weight, and nitrogen(N) content in the clippings were taken weekly. Quality of the turf increased with increasing N rate. While quality ratings were higher for turf receiving polymer coated urea than for turf receiving uncoated urea at several times following treatment, but not significant. Fresh and dry clipping weights were quite variable during the trial. Visual quality rating and clipping yields improved with increasing rates of N but these differences were not statically significant between polymer coated and uncoated urea treatment. The durability of fertilizer efficiency in polymer coated urea was not last longer compare with uncoated urea from two weeks after treatment. Higher rates of N application increased the concentration of N in tissue but no significant differences between turf plots receiving polymer coated and uncoated urea. Key words: Polymer coated urea, Creeping bentgrass, Fertilizer, Turfgrass.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권11호
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• pp.2043-2047
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• 2010

This study is to solve problems of depletion of RF bandwidth frequency, confusion possibility, security that current wireless communications system have and is to confirm possibility of applying next generation network. To solve problems of current wireless communications system, visible light communications system for power line communications using ATmega16 Microcontroller is was realized and receiver property was analyzed. PLC exclusive chip APLC-485MA, Microcontroller ATmega16, 5pi bulb type LED and high flux LED, visible light receiving sensor LLS08-A1 were used for transmitter and receiver. Performance was analyzed by designed program and an oscilloscope. It was showed average 20% improved receiver rate rather than bulb type LED in the case of high flux LED through voltage change rate on communication distance and LED type of distance between 10 to 50 cm. The blue LED showed the best performance among measured LED types with above 10% of voltage decreasing rate. But As it gradually becomes more distant, the precise date was difficult to obtain due to weak light. To overcome these sort of problems, specific values such as changing conditions and efficiency value relevant to light emitting parts and visible light receiving sensor should be calculated and continuous study and improvements should also be accomplished for the better communications condition.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권3A호
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• pp.435-442
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• 2000

In this paper, we analyzed RF-DC conversion efficiency for the dual -polarization rectenna and the antenna position changing. Dual-Polarization rectenna consist of a two major parts, receiving antenna and rectifying circuits. We made dual-polarization 2.45GHz rectenna using the two dipole antennas and patch antenna. Rectifying circuit is consisted by a Schottky-Barrier diode with a large forward current and reverse breakdown voltage. The results of RF-DC conversion efficiency for the each of designed dual-polarization rectenna has 69.1% with 360$\Omega$(dipole type) and 75.4% with 340$\Omega$(patch type ) optimum load resistor. When the each of dual-polarization rectenna has optimal load resistor, it's conversion efficiency shows of $\pm$20% in dipole type and $\pm$5 in patch type at 0~180。position.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2002

Recent trend of business is characterized by a recognition of importance of knowledge asset. Especially, this phenomenon is receiving more momentum as our society goes digital rapidly. However, most of literature on knowledge management is based on knowledge circulation from the corporate point of view, not from individual viewpoint. In this regard, this paper is concerned with proposing knowledge circulation process and its efficiency from the individual perspective. We adopted structural equation model or SEM to prove the statistical validity of our research framework. Eight hypotheses were built and tested empirically, leading to the fact that the knowledge utilization and sharing of individuals have a positive impact on the knowledge management efficiency.