• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.980-987
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• 2012

In order to investigate the effect of physical forms of starter diets on performance, weaning age, nutrient digestibility and rumen biochemical factors, 24 female of neonatal Brown Swiss calves (average body weight of $39.5{\pm}1.2kg$) were randomly assigned to three treatments. Dietary treatments were mashed (MS), pelleted (PS), and texturized (TS) starter using 8 calves from birth till 90 days of age in each treatment. Diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous with 21% crude protein. Based on the experimental results, calves that received PS and TS diets, had significant higher average daily gain (ADG) than those receiving MS (p<0.01). Dry matter intake in calves fed PS and TS was greater than calves fed MS (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in feed efficiency. Treatments had no effect on initiation of rumination. Weaning age of calves in MS was longer than the other two treatments (p<0.05). Crude protein and organic matter digestibility in MS treated calves were lower than other treatments (p<0.05). No differences were observed in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ash digestibility among treatments (p>0.05). Ruminal pH was higher (p<0.01) in MS than the other groups, but ruminal ammonia (g/dl) concentration was not different among the treatments. Body measurements such as body length, pin width, hip width, pin to hip length, size of metacarpus and metatarsus bones, hip height, wither height, stomach size and heart girth were not significantly different among the treatments. Overall, it is concluded that starter diets in the form of pellet and texture can improve performance in neonatal Brown Swiss calves compared to the mashed form.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.2347-2356
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• 2017

Raspberry Pi has been widely used for a hardware platform to develop the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The basic task of diverse IoT devices is to obtain their status or environmental information by using various sensors and to send them to a gateway or a remote server. For the purpose, one of application layer protocols for IoT, MQTT is widely used. IoT devices are often powered by batteries and they are required to operate for a long time without replacing or recharging their batteries. Thus, energy efficiency is one of the most critical problems for obtaining and sending sensor data. To develop energy-efficient IoT applications, the information about power consumption characteristics of the applications is necessary. However, there has been little study to analyze power consumption of IoT communication on IoT devices. This paper presents a study to measure and analyze the power consumption of sending/receiving data under various conditions via the MQTT protocol on Raspberry Pi.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2014

In this paper, we have designed the antenna for Korea SAT-5 Satellite Communication which can use Ka band in the earth station. The antenna structure consist of the the dual-offset gregorian reflector that has high gain and efficiency, the corrugated horn that has symmetric radiation patterns and low side lobe levels, the iris polarizer that make circular polarization and the OrthoMode Transducer that separate transmitting and receiving signals. The designed antenna gain is more than 45.7dBi in Tx-band which use LHCP and 42.0dBi in Rx-band which use RHCP. The co-polarized and cross-polarized radiation pattern comply with ITU-R S.580-6 and S.731-1 that are recommended by International Telecommunication Union in the geostationary satellite. The Axial ratio is less than 1.0dB in Tx-band and 1.5dB in Rx-band that meet MIL-STD-188-164A.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2012

Recently, for the purpose of constructing artificial ecosystem, the public aquarium and experimental mesocosm systems are receiving attention. To design and establish an aquarium and mesocosm system, there is need of several materials for simulating the environment, such as sediments, rocks, and plants. Expecially for sessile mollusks, there must be proper materials to which sessile invertebrates can adhere. Nowadays, many aquariums and mesocosm systems are using dead coral skeletons for sessile mollusks. This study was proceeded to have data on the effect of dead coral skeletons on water qualities with the experiment on the environmental factors. For this purpose, I made glass tank for experiment, chose two types of dead coral skeletons imported from the Indonesia and observed the change of water qualities and decomposition efficiency of TAN (total ammonia-nitrogen), nitrite ($NO_2{^-}$) and nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$). As a result, the lager the surface area was, the more TAN, nitrite and nitrate decomposition rate increased. In addition, coral skeletons covered with crustose algae and bacteria in the tank showed faster TAN, nitrite and nitrate removal rate and stabilization. Accordingly, this experiment suggested that dead coral skeletons could be used as a sub filter for the closed system as well as an adhering plate.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.194-203
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• 2008

Construction companies require management system to increase efficiency and profit because of receiving competition and globalizing business environment. Since 1990s, construction companies have made various attempts to innovate business structure both internally and externally by means of BPR, 6 Sigma, PI, and Workflow. Some improvements were made, but most of them were temporary, and insufficient to provide the much-needed promptness of business process in responding to the changes. Furthermore, the recent methods of applying BPM and practical using are limited to the theory and method of other industries, and also the attempts of applying BPM in construction industry are at the stage of theoretical approaching and examining in a few construction companies. Accordingly, this study deduces the necessity of adopting BPM based on change of business paradigm for construction companies and limits of current researches, failure causes and problems of application attempts of BPM and process management. And also, we analyze Advance of BPM and suggest the application method of business process management model for construction companies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.391-400
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• 1994

Recently, the development of ATM switch, a backbone system of BISDN, is receiving worldwide study. Because the development of large communication equipments like a switching system need a lot of time and cost, the performance evaluation by menas of simulation is needed for the higher efficiency of development before actual implementation. So, a general and objective input environment is necessary for proper simulation. The main purpose of this paper is to offer a traffic generator which can provide such input environment as a file for computer simulation of ATM switch. To offer diverse input environment of ATM switch, we select parameters, and implement ATM traffic generator with software technology. Basides, a program to verify the propriety of ATM traffic generator in also proposed. It is expected that the proposed ATM traffic generator will offer diverse input environment for computer simulation to evaluate new ATM switching system, not influenced by any system structure.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.7B
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• pp.422-430
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• 2007

WDM-PON has been receiving much attention as a key technology to FTTH. As the cost of WDM-PON heavily depends on the number of transceivers implemented at ONU, one of its shortcomings comes from the fixed provision of wavelength resource, which is tightly coupled with costly transceivers. In this paper, we propose a cost-effective WDM-PON architecture for dynamic resource provision. The proposed architecture is based on hierarchical grouping of multiple ONUs into a logical group and hierarchical sharing the resource. For high utilization of dynamic resource, the dynamic resource allocation algorithm is also proposed. We analyze the system efficiency in term of dynamism of system resource and system cost. We also verify that the proposed resource allocation algorithm achieves a high dynamism on resource allocation, and at the same time maintains the fairness between ONUs.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.157-180
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• 2010

The IT services industry is considered as the leading industry of the ubiquitous age that raises a nation's overall productivity and efficiency. Therefore, it is receiving increasing attention as the industry that can bring about economic takeoff and successful overseas market entrance for the next generation. In order to achieve successful development, the industry should be competitive and armed with strategies that well demonstrate the characteristics of IT services. Therefore, it is important to explore the competitive factors of the industry for its qualitative development from the perspectives of IT services industry policies and as well as IT services companies. This study categorized IT services into three types-system integration, IT consulting, and IT outsourcing- and then examined the competitive factors of each service type and their relationships with financial and non-financial performances. In conclusion, the current competitiveness of domestic IT services industry is attributed to institutions environment rather than its competitive advantages in technology, quality, know-how, and highly qualified human resources. In order to facilitate the sound growth of the IT industry and seek reasonable market competition, the environment that puts its priority on the improvement of institutions environment and the ability to carry out a project needs to be established. In all, this study can be utilized as an important knowledge for the establishment of polices to foster IT services industry and of strategies that raise competitiveness to maximize the performances of companies.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.126-135
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was aimed to develop a simulation training program of an advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) based on the mastery learning model (Simulation-MLM), and evaluate the effects of the program on critical care nurses. Methods: As an experimental pre-post test with a non-equivalent control group, the study employed convenience sampling of 38 critical care nurses. The experimental group received the Simulation-MLM including a theoretical lecture, formative evaluation, and simulation training, whereas only a theoretical lecture for the control group. The knowledge, self-efficacy, and performance degrees of respondents were measured to verify the effects of the Simulation-MLM. The statistical processing of the collected data utilized the SPSS WIN 17.0 program. Results: After receiving Simulation-MLM, the participants in the experimental group reported higher marks in the knowledge, self-efficacy and performance of ACLS compared with those in the control group. However, both experimental and control groups demonstrated no significant differences in knowledge, self-efficacy and performance. Conclusion: Despite of the limitation of a small sample size, this study was considered meaningful in a sense that it showed a venue for improving ACLS training efficiency. Future research with more distinct treatment differentiation and better adequate outcome variables was warranted in order to prove the effects of a theory-based simulation education.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.725-734
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• 2016

Recently, novel candidate waveform techniques for spectral efficiency improvement was proposed in order to satisfy key performance indicators(KPIs) of 5th generation(5G) mobile communication. Multi-carrier based universal filtered multi-carrier(UFMC) and filter bank multi-carrier(FBMC) are very famous as 5G candidate waveform techniques. Also, weighted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (W-OFDM) that has low-complexity is receiving the spotlight slowly. In this paper, firstly, we describe a basic OFDM system. And then, we also describe UFMC, FBMC, and W-OFDM system. Next, we evaluate and analyze spectrum and BER performance of these systems under the nonlinear high power amplifier(HPA) environment. As simulation results, spectrum characteristic and BER performance of UFMC, FBMC, and W-OFDM are similar to each other. Therefore, under the nonlinear HPA environment, W-OFDM system is more advantageous because W-OFDM system uses a simple time-domain windowing technique and has similar characteristics to the others.