• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.1852-1857
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• 2007

SSB 무선모뎀은 데이터의 디지털 전압레벨을 가청주파수로 변환하는 변조와 역으로 가청주파수를 데이터의 디지털 전압레벨로 변환하는 복조과정을 거치는데 변 복조기는 하나의 DSP 칩을 이용하여 구현하였다. SSB의 특성상 주파수가 변할 때 인접한 두 주기에서 왜곡이 발생하는데 이것은 음성통신방식에는 아무런 영향을 주지 않으나 데이터 전송할 때는 심각한 영향을 준다. 다시 말하면 인접해 있는 2주기는 데이터 전송을 할 수 없다. 그래서 2-tone FSK방식을 사용하는 경우, 1비트를 보내기 위해 최소 3주기 이상을 보내야 한다. 그러므로, 고속전송을 위해서는 1개의 tone 신호를 보내는 변형된 위상지연 방식을 사용하여 모뎀을 구현하였다. 1200bps를 전송모드에서는 1.3kHz 심볼주파수에 지연시간 0과 $187{\mu}s$을 발생시켰고 2400bps 모드에서는 1.5kHz 심볼주파수에 0, $70{\mu}s,\;130{\mu}s$ 및 $200{\mu}s$의 지연시간을 두어 구현하였다. 최고전송속도 3600bps 모드에서는 2.0kHz 심볼주파수에 0, $100{\mu}s,\;160{\mu}s$ 및 $250{\mu}s$의 지연시간을 두어 구현하였다. 이상의 방법으로 SSB 모뎀을 구현하였으며 기존 독일의 PACTOR와 미국의 CLOVER계열의 스펙트럼과 비교했을 때 SSB 통과대역폭은 거의 비슷하였고 대역폭내의 신호대잡음비를 비교한 결과 본 연구 구현한 모뎀의 파형이 20dB정도 높은 이득으로 전송되는 우수한 특성을 보였다. 실제 전송시험 결과에서도 송수신 Platform에 데이터가 정확하게 수신되고 있음을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제20권2E호
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• pp.30-45
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• 2001

This study considers the environmental factors affecting propagation loss and sonar performance in the continental regions of the East Coast Sea of Korea. Water mass distributions appear to change dramatically in a few weeks. Simple calculation with the case when the NKCW (North Korean Cold Water) develops shows that the difference in propagation loss may reach in the worst up to 10dB over range 5km. Another factor, an eddy, has typical dimensions of 100-200km in diameter and 150-200m in thickness. Employing a typical eddy and assuming frequency to be 100Hz, its effects on propagation loss appear to make lower the normal formation of convergence zones with which sonars are possible to detect long-range targets. The change of convergence zones may result in 10dB difference in received signals in a given depth. Thermal fronts also appear to be critical restrictions to operating sonars in shallow waters. Assuming frequency to be 200Hz, thermal fronts can make 10dB difference in propagation loss between with and without them over range 20km. An observation made in one site in the East Coast Sea of Korea reveals that internal waves may appear in near-inertial period and their spectra may exist in periods 2-17min. A simulation employing simple internal wave packets gives that they break convergence zones on the bottom, causing the performance degradation of FOM as much as 4dB in frequency 1kHz. An acoustic experiment, using fixed source and receiver at the same site, shows that the received signals fluctuate tremendously with time reaching up to 6.5dB in frequencies 1kHz or less. Ambient noises give negative effects directly on sonar performance. Measurements at some sites in the East Coast Sea of Korea suggest that the noise levels greatly fluctuate with time, for example noon and early morning, mainly due to ship traffics. The average difference in a day may reach 10dB in frequency 200Hz. Another experiment using an array of hydrophones gives that the spectrum levels of ambient noises are highly directional, their difference being as large as 10dB with vertical or horizontal angles. This fact strongly implies that we should obtain in-situ information of noise levels to estimate reasonable sonar performance. As one of non-stationary noise sources, an eel may give serious problems to sonar operation on or under the sea bottoms. Observed eel noises in a pier of water depth 14m appear to have duration time of about 0.4 seconds and frequency ranges of 0.2-2.8kHz. The 'song'of an eel increases ambient noise levels to average 2.16dB in the frequencies concerned, being large enough to degrade detection performance of the sonars on or below sediments. An experiment using hydrophones in water and sediment gives that sensitivity drops of 3-4dB are expected for the hydrophones laid in sediment at frequencies of 0.5-1.5kHz. The SNR difference between in water and in sediment, however, shows large fluctuations rather than stable patterns with the source-receiver ranges.