• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.403-428
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• 2018

There has been constant attempts for integration of public welfare delivery system which lead to integrated case management, then this become more significant issue regarding 'community care' recently in Korea. However, most of them was limited to fractional organization rearrangement or more use of private resources rather than realising user-centred approach. Therefore, in this research, we would like to do a couple of case studies in Britain which has rich experience of reforms for integrated approaches between health and social services and Troubled Family programme resembles the integrated case management in Korea by visiting a London Borough and a local council respectively. In conclusion, we found three conditions are required to establish successful integrated delivery system: elimination of institutional barriers relating to workforce, organization, and finance; shared objectives and partnership among the professional groups and agencies; and information sharing system with technical support regarding individual cases.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2019

In this study, porous Mo-5 wt% Cu with unidirectionally aligned pores is prepared by freeze drying of camphene slurry with $MoO_3-CuO$ powders. Unidirectional freezing of camphene slurry with dispersion stability is conducted at $-25^{\circ}C$, and pores in the frozen specimens are generated by sublimation of the camphene crystals. The green bodies are hydrogen-reduced at $750^{\circ}C$ and sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that $MoO_3-CuO$ composite powders are completely converted to a Mo-and-Cu phase without any reaction phases by hydrogen reduction. The sintered bodies with the Mo-Cu phase show large and aligned parallel pores to the camphene growth direction as well as small pores in the internal walls of large pores. The pore size and porosity decrease with increasing composite powder content from 5 to 10 vol%. The change of pore characteristics is explained by the degree of powder rearrangement in slurry and the accumulation behavior of powders in the interdendritic spaces of solidified camphene.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2019

In this study, freeze drying of a porous Ni with unidirectionally aligned pore channels is accomplished by using a NiO powder and camphene. Camphene slurries with NiO content of 5 and 10 vol% are prepared by mixing them with a small amount of dispersant at $50^{\circ}C$. Freezing of a slurry is performed at $-25^{\circ}C$ while the growth direction of the camphene is unidirectionally controlled. Pores are generated subsequently by sublimation of the camphene during drying in air for 48 h. The green bodies are hydrogen-reduced at $400^{\circ}C$ and then sintered at $800^{\circ}C$ and $900^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the NiO powder is completely converted to the Ni phase without any reaction phases. The sintered samples show large pores that align parallel pores in the camphene growth direction as well as small pores in the internal walls of large pores. The size of large and small pores decreases with increasing powder content from 5 to 10 vol%. The influence of powder content on the pore structure is explained by the degree of powder rearrangement in slurry and the accumulation behavior of powders in the interdendritic spaces of solidified camphene.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.429-440
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• 2019

Several studies have attempted to identify factors associated with longevity and maintenance of health in centenarians. In this study, we analyzed and compared the gut microbiota of centenarians in longevity villages with the elderly and adults in the same region and urbanized towns. Fecal samples were collected from centenarians, elderly, and young adults in longevity villages, and the gut microbiota sequences of elderly and young adults in urbanized towns of Korea were obtained from public databases. The relative abundance of Firmicutes was found to be considerably higher in subjects from longevity villages than those from urbanized towns, whereas Bacteroidetes was lower. Age-related rearrangement of gut microbiota was observed in centenarians, such as reduced proportions of Faecalibacterium and Prevotella, and increased proportion of Escherichia, along with higher abundances of Akkermansia, Clostridium, Collinsella, and uncultured Christensenellaceae. Gut microbiota of centenarians in rehabilitation hospitals were also different to those residing at home. These differences could be due to differences in diet patterns and living environments. In addition, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, and various types of N-glycan biosynthesis were predicted to be higher in the gut microbiota of centenarians (corrected p < 0.05). These three metabolic pathways of gut microbiota can be associated with the immune status and healthy gut environment of centenarians. Although further studies are necessary to validate the function of microbiota between groups, this study provides valuable information on centenarians' gut microbiota.

• Biodesign
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.84-91
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• 2018

Spo0F is a response regulator that modulates sporulation, undergoes phosphorylation for phosphorelay signal transduction, and interacts with various regulatory proteins; however, the mechanisms through which phosphorylation induces structural changes and regulates interactions with binding partners remain unclear. Here, we determined the unphosphorylated crystal structure of Spo0F from the psychrophilic bacterium Paenisporosarcina sp. TG-14 (PaSpo0F) and established a phosphorylation-state structural model. We found that PaSpo0F underwent structural changes (Lys54 and Lys102) by phosphorylation and generated new interactions (Lys102/Gln10 and Lys54/Glu84) to stabilize the ${\beta}4/{\alpha}4$ and ${\beta}1/{\alpha}1$ loop structures, which are important target-protein binding sites. Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Spo0 variants revealed movement by BsSpo0F Thr82 and Tyr84 residues following interaction with BsSpo0B, providing insight into the movement of corresponding residues in PaSpo0F (Thr80 and Tyr82), with further analysis of BsSpo0F/BsRapH interaction revealing alterations in the ${\beta}4/{\alpha}4$ loop region. These results suggest that phosphorylation-induced structural rearrangement might be essential for PaSpo0F activation and expand the understanding of Spo0F-specific activation mechanisms during sporulation.

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.90.1-90.12
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• 2018

Objective: We performed small-scale mutation and large genomic rearrangement (LGR) analysis of BRCA1/2 in ovarian cancer patients to determine the prevalence and the characteristics of the mutations. Methods: All ovarian cancer patients who visited a single institution between September 2015 and April 2017 were included. Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to comprehensively study BRCA1/2. The genetic risk models BRCAPRO, Myriad, and BOADICEA were used to evaluate the mutation analysis. Results: In total, 131 patients were enrolled. Of the 131 patients, Sanger sequencing identified 16 different BRCA1/2 small-scale mutations in 20 patients (15.3%). Two novel nonsense mutations were detected in 2 patients with a serous borderline tumor and a large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. MLPA analysis of BRCA1/2 in Sanger-negative patients revealed 2 LGRs. The LGRs accounted for 14.3% of all identified BRCA1 mutations, and the prevalence of LGRs identified in this study was 1.8% in 111 Sanger-negative patients. The genetic risk models showed statistically significant differences between mutation carriers and non-carriers. The 2 patients with LGRs had at least one blood relative with breast or ovarian cancer. Conclusion: Twenty-two (16.8%) of the unselected ovarian cancer patients had BRCA1/2 mutations that were detected through comprehensive BRCA1/2 genetic testing. Ovarian cancer patients with Sanger-negative results should be considered for LGR detection if they have one blood relative with breast or ovarian cancer. The detection of more BRCA1/2 mutations in patients is important for efforts to provide targeted therapy to ovarian cancer patients.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.385-394
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• 2020

In the gas separation process, the separation membranes have to not only show high gas transport and selectivity but also exhibit exceptional stability at high temperature and pressure. However, when the polymeric membranes (particularly, glassy polymers) are exposed to the condensable gases (i.e., CO2, H2S, hydrocarbon, etc.), the polymer chains are prone to swell, leading to low stability. As a result, the plasticization behavior reduces the gas selectivity in the separation of mixture gases at high pressures and thus results in limited applications to the separation processes. To address these issues, many strategies have been studied such as thermal treatment, polymer blending, thermally rearrangement, mixed-matrix membranes, cross-linking, etc. In this review, we will understand the plasticization behavior and suggest potential methods based on the previously reported studies.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.215-219
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• 2020

After the specimen of A-site defect double Perovskite La1/3TaO3 single crystal was manufactured, the dielectric properties have been studied between the temperature range of 10 and 800 K. Under 500 K, a paraelectric behavior has been shown, and above 550 K, a dielectric anomaly and a thermal history of dielectric constant has been shown. An activation energy by measurement of ac-conductivity has been the largest with 1.83 eV in the areas below 560 K, 0.35 eV in the areas of 560~690 K, and 0.28 eV in the areas of high temperature above 690 K. From these results, it is assumed that in the areas below 500 K, La3+-ion and vacancy-site are arranged in disorder to maintain a paraelectric phase. And in the areas near 560 K with the highest activation energy, a dielectric anomaly is attributes to rearrangement of La3+-ion due to conduction to vacancy-site or jumping.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.331-335
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• 2021

The effects of drying temperature on the microstructure of porous W fabricated by the freeze-casting process of tert-butyl alcohol slurry with WO₃ powder was investigated. Green bodies were hydrogen-reduced at 800℃ for 1 h and sintered at 1000℃ for 6 h. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that WO₃ powders were completely converted to W without any reaction phases by hydrogen reduction. The sintered body showed pores aligned in the direction of tert-butyl alcohol growth, and the porosity and pore size decreased as the amount of WO₃ increased from 5 to 10vol%. As the drying temperature of the frozen body increased from -25℃ to -10℃, the pore size and thickness of the struts increased. The change in microstructural characteristics based on the amount of powder added and the drying temperature was explained by the growth behavior of the freezing agent and the degree of rearrangement of the solid powder during the solidification of the slurry.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.111-118
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• 2022

Background: Although the zygomatic arch is an important structure determining facial prominence and width, no consensus exists regarding the classification of isolated zygomatic arch fractures, and the literature on this topic is scarce. To date, five papers have subdivided zygomatic arch fractures; however, only one of those proposed classifications includes the injury vector, although the injury vector is one of the most important factors to consider in fracture cases. Furthermore, the only classification that does include the injury vector is too complicated to be suitable for daily practice. In addition, the existing classifications are clinically limited because they do not consider greenstick fractures, nondisplaced fractures, or coronoid impingement. In the present study, we present a rearrangement of the previously published classifications and propose a modified classification of isolated zygomatic arch fractures that maximizes the advantages and overcomes the disadvantages of previous classification systems. Methods: The classification criteria for isolated zygomatic arch fractures described in five previous studies were analyzed, rearranged, and supplemented to generate a modified classification. The medical records, radiographs, and facial bone computed tomography findings of 134 patients with isolated zygomatic arch fractures who visited our hospital between January 2010 and December 2019 were also retrospectively analyzed. Results: We analyzed major classification criteria (displacement, the force vector of the injury, V-shaped fracture, and coronoid impingement) for isolated zygomatic arch fracture from the five previous studies and developed a modified classification by subdividing zygomatic arch fractures. We applied the modified classification to cases of isolated zygomatic arch fracture at our hospital. The surgery rate and injury severity differed significantly from fracture types I to VI. Conclusion: Using our modified classification, we could determine that both the injury force and the injury vector meaningfully influenced the surgery rate and the severity of the injuries.