• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.112-115
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• 2012

To develop an efficient mass rearing system for Cadra cautella(Walker) and Orius laevigatus(Fieber) were investigated under the conditions of photoperiod 16L : 8D, $70{\pm}5%$ RH and $23{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. The highest efficiency rate(multiply 28.6) of C. cautella was achieved when using the rearing cage of $20{\ell}$ than $3{\ell}$. The highest efficiency rate(multiply 16.3) of O. laevigatus was achieved when using the rearing cage of $5{\ell}$ (adult 1,500, 10 pcs(10 cm) of plant of egg taking). The moth could be successfully reared with all food substrates tested, of which rice bran(43%) + chick feed(43%) + yeast(14%) assumed to be proper for mass-rearing in view of cost.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the production, elver stocking, rearing facilities and rearing method of eel culture to determine aquaculture management conditions for optimal rearing of eel Anguilla japonica. The production of eel culture was evaluated by the proportion of eels from the main inland fin fish species production in Korea. Elver stocking was assessed by the elver stocking densities of pond and recirculation culture. Rearing facilities were investigated according to the rearing tank size proportion of the pond and recirculation culture. We selected sample farms by region and by size. We visited sample farms and recorded the number of elvers stock for pond area, size of tanks, feed and feed quantity, and the size and number of harvest eels. The production capacity of Jeollanam-do and Jeollabuk-do were 71.9% and 21.3% respectively. This production quantity represented 93.2% of the total Korean eel production quantity. In Jeollanam-do, there are 236 eel farms, 202 pond farms, and 34 recirculation aquaculture facilities. The elvers' first density data by each aquaculture method revealed that elvers' first density varied more in recirculation system farms, as compared to pond aquaculture. In intensive pond farms, the elvers' first density decreased as the size of farm increased. There was a correlation between the size of tank(x) and the facility of a water wheel for dissolved oxygen in pond culture systems(y=0.022x-0.494; $R^2$=0.860). Another strong correlation was found between the weight of eel(x) and eel density(y) in pond culture systems(y=283.5x-0.27; $R^2$=0.992). Finally, there was a strong correlation between the length of eel(x) and the weight of eel(y) in intensive pond culture(y=0.0005x-3.2783; $R^2$=0.9775). The final survival rate did not differ significantly among pond sizes and culture types.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 1988

In order to investigate a reasonable rearing density and the possibility of high-density rearing, flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, juveniles of 2.53$\pm$0.24 cm in total length and 1.12$\pm$0.12 cm in body height were used in this study. The initial rearing density of them was 10 (D10), 20 (D20), 30 (D30) and 40 (D40) individuals per 137.75 $cm^2$ of bottom area, respectively. Ranges of water temperature and specific gravity during the rearing period of 65 days were $21.0\~27.0^{\circ}C$ and 1.024$\~$1.026, respectively, showing relatively higher values than that of natural sea water. Dissolved oxygen during the rearing period was 5.4$\~$7.5 ml/$\iota$ and inorganic nitrate was 0.07$\~$0.48 ppm in $NH_4^+-N$, 0.006$\~$0.33 ppm in $NO_2^{-}-N$ and 3.89$\~$34.06 ppm in $NO_3^{-}-N$. Growth in total length and body height of the juveniles in four rearing density at the end of the experiment was 8.17$\pm$0.80 em and 4.16$\pm$0.39 em, the highest in D20 and 7.72$\pm$0.40 cm and 3.94$\pm$0.21 cm, the lowest in D10. Significant differences, however, were not recognized between the slope values of growth regressions in four rearing density. Slope values of the relative growth between total length and body height of the juveniles in four rearing density were 0.5346, the highest in D10 and 0.5165, the lowest in D30, but there were no significant differences in those values. Survival rate of juveniles at the end of the experiment was $90\%$ in D10, D20 and D30, but that of D40 was $75\%$. The relationship between total length X body height (X) and body surface area of ocular side (Y) to calculate the rate of Y to bottom area in rearing tank (covering rate) as an indicator of rearing density was expressed by a linear regression, Y=0.5994X+0.1840. Covering rate in four rearing density at the end of the experiment was ranged 1.2$\~$4.1 times. Judging from the covering rate above 4 times, it seems to be possible rearing the flounder juveniles in high-density.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.337-343
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• 2013

Post-thawed larval rearing in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was performed to investigate the survival rate with time course in three kinds of larvae cryopreserved. The highest survival rate and larval activity index (LAI) of post-thawed larvae were obtained from the permeation in 0.2 M sucrose and 2.0 M ethylene glycol (EG) at $-1^{\circ}C/min$ in freezing speed showing the survival rates just after thawing of 63.8% in trochophore, 84.1% in D-shaped veliger and 56.3% in early umbo veliger. In post-thawed larval rearing with food supply, the larvae lasted their lives until 24 hours in trochophore, 75 hours in D-shaped veliger and 57 hours in early umbo veliger. The results suggested that each larval stage post-thawed revealed no more further development to subsequent respective stage.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.329-337
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to describe the essential structure of the lived experience of working women raising children. Method: Data were collected from 10 employed women with children who were under 2 years of age. The analysis of the data was done using the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Colaizzi (1978). Results: In this study, 6 essential themes were extracted: 'knowing by intuition child-rearing is difficult', 'having guilt-conscious of not being able to perform duties as a mother', 'hard work of maintaining two jobs', 'Lost self', 'realizing that one has become amother', 'thirsting for a social support system'. Conclusion: With a rapidly increasing number of working women, the significance of this study in the field of nursing is in understanding the child-rearing experience of working women. The findings indicate the need for a systemic and emotional support system for working women raising children.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.41.1-41.4
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• 2015

Background: The present study was intended to determine the prevalence and identification of species involved causing coccidiosis in broilers rearing under traditional farming system in Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. For the current study, a convenient sampling technique was carried out. A total of 7814 broilers (aged 1 to 6 weeks) were submitted to the Disease Diagnostic Laboratory of Livestock and Animal husbandry Department Mirpur, Azad Kashmir. Results: From the total screened, 750 were found positive for coccidiosis representing an overall prevalence of 9.59 %. Age-wise highest prevalence (10.88 %) recorded in the middle age birds (0 to 3 week old) were found more susceptible to infection than those aged above 3 weeks. Higher prevalence (12.49 %) of coccidiosis in broilers was observed in spring as compared with 6.60 % in summer season. In this study two main coccidiosis causing species, Emeria tenella and Emeria maxima were identified on the basis of their morphological feature and habitat (caeca and intestine), However, E. tenella was dominant compared to E. maxima. Conclusion: The study provides an insight to the occurrence of Emeria species which must be taken into consideration when rearing the broilers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1998.12a
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• pp.42-48
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• 1998

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.76
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• pp.46-47
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2001

An integrated recirculating aquaculture system suitable to our country's situation was designes and developed, The integrated recirculating aquaculture system consisting of a double drain type rearing tank of the $2.5 m^3$, a sedimentation tank for removal of settleable solids, a floating bead filter for the removal of suspended solids, a foam separator for removal of fine particles and a rotating biological contactor for the nitrification was designed and manufactured. The integrated recirculating aquaculture system was stocked with nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at $2\%$ rearing density for 2 weeks. Feed coefficient was 1.4 and average daily growth rate was $0.64\%$ in the system for 2 weeks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.559-568
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• 2012

White (Lohmann LSL) and Brown (ATAK-S) laying hens, were reared under organic and conventional cage rearing systems, and the effects of the rearing system on performance parameters, egg production, egg characteristics, and immune response were investigated. For this purpose, a total of 832 laying hens of two commercial hybrids, i.e., 416 white (Lohmann LSL) and 416 Brown (ATAK-S) layers, were used. The experiment lasted between 23 and 70 wk of age. In this study, the white layers yielded more eggs as compared to the brown layers in both organic and conventional production systems. Egg weight exhibited a similar pattern to that of laying performance. However, the total hen-housed egg number for the white birds in the organic system was fewer than that of white birds in the conventional cage facility; conversely, a contradictory tendency was observed for the brown birds. Livability of the white layers in the organic system was remarkably lower (14%) than that of the brown line, whereas the white line survived better (3.42%) than their brown counterparts in conventional cages. The feed conversion ratio of the white hens was markedly inferior in the organic system as compared to that of the white hens in the conventional system, whereas relatively lower deterioration was reported in brown layers when reared in an organic system. The organic production system increased egg albumen height and the Haugh unit in eggs of the brown layers. The yolk color score of organic eggs was lower than that of conventional eggs for both brown and white hens. The egg yolk ratio of eggs from white layers was found to be higher in organic eggs as compared to those obtained in the conventional system. All organic eggs had heavier shells than those produced in the conventional system. Eggs from brown layers had more protein content than eggs from white layers. Neither housing systems nor genotype influenced egg yolk cholesterol concentration. When compared to conventional eggs, n-3 fatty acid content was lower in organic eggs, and the n-6:n-3 ratio was higher in organic eggs. In conclusion, two hen genotypes showed different responses in terms of performance and egg quality to two different rearing systems. A commercial white strain produced more eggs with higher egg quality as compared to a native brown strain. The brown strain was found to have adapted well to organic production conditions when survival and total egg number was taken into consideration.