• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2004

The type of trichomes, their density and pattern of distribution on leaves of 16 genotypes of mulberry, belonging to both diploid and polyploid categories, were studied by scanning electron microscope. The present investigation was undertaken to find out the relationship of physical attributes, especially the density and trichome types with higher acceptability and better rearing performance by the silkworm Bombyx-mori L. Two types of trichomes glandular and non-glandular types were observed on both the leaf surfaces of all the mulberry genotypes studied. In general, greater densities of trichomes were observed on the abaxial surface than the adaxial surface of leaves in most of the genotypes. Distribution of glandular trichomes were more in abaxial surface and non-glandular trichomes were more in adaxial surface. Overall, distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes per unit area of leaf did not follow any regular pattern. When leaves of those genotypes were fed to silkworms, trichome density was found to be significantly negatively correlated with the survival of larvae i.e., effective rate of rearing, but trichome density did not influence the economic characters of rearing. As the distribution of glandular trichomes (GT) and non-glandular trichomes (NGT) did not follow any definite pattern, no relation could be established between the GT and NGT densities with silkworm rearing performance. However, the ratio of GT and NGT in a particular genotype influenced the rearing parameters, higher the ratios better the rearing performance. High GT and NGT ratio (＞1.00) was found positively significant when correlated with economic parameters viz., larval weight, single cocoon weight and single shell weight. The study is useful in screening different mulberry genotypes for their better acceptability to silk-worm and higher rearing performance at the early stage of selection without actually conducting the rearing.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.417-442
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• 2009

This study investigated whether there are differences in father's involvement in child-rearing and role performance and on mother's parenting stress after fathers' participating in the father's program at kindergarten. Subjects were parents of children enrolled in H kindergarten, 38 fathers (18 experimental group, 20 control groups) and 38 mothers (wives of the experimental and control group fathers). Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and t-test on the pre-score and post-score. Findings were that : father's participant program at kindergarten affected father's involvement in child-rearing and role performance, and mother's parenting stress reduction : the experimental group father's involvement in child-rearing and role performance was improved more than the control group. Experimental group mothers' parenting stress than that of the control group.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.58-63
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• 2015

An experimental rearing of tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury was conducted to study silkworm-food plant-interaction and thereby to search for an alternate silkworm food plant. The silkworm-food-plant-interaction was studied with six different food plant species viz. Terminalia tomentosa, Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula of Combretaceae family and Lagerstroemia speciosa, Lagerstroemia parviflora of Lythraceae family. The rearing performance of silkworm on Lagerstroemia speciosa in terms of cocoons per DFL and silk ratio was found comparable with Terminalia tomentosa and Termonalia arjuna, the primary tasar silkworm food plant species. These three plant species also possessed better results in terms of physiological (leaf moisture content and net photosynthesis rate) and biochemical (Chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrate and crude fibre contents) characteristics to support silkworm rearing than Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula and Lagerstroemia parviflora. The correlation study between silkworm rearing performance and food plant's constituents indicates commercial perspective of Lagerstroemia speciosa as an alternate food plant for tasar silkworm rearing.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

This study aims to estimate the perception of mothers of infant and toddler on the child-rearing environment and compare the recognition of parents who live in APT and multi-family housing. This study investigates the mothers in order to survey the level of importance and satisfaction on the neighborhood environment factors for child-rearing. The result of questionnaire is analyzed by Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). According to the result of IPA by housing types, it was found that the improvement of pedestrian environment, separation of pedestrian and vehicle, natural environment and playground is required particularly in the multi-family housing area. the mothers need soundproofing of house and management of unwanted facilities in neighborhood in common. In the apartment, improvement of child-care facilities and children's library is required. The results of IPA on the mothers of infant and toddler may be important foundation for future strategies for child-rearing environment improvement.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.884-891
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• 2022

Objective: Free-range systems have been increasingly available to the consumer due to increased demand for more sustainable meat-products. In the current study, the effect of free-range (FR) and cage system (CS) was explored on growth performance, meat quality and oxidation products in Italian White breed rabbits during the growing-fattening phase (5 to 13 weeks of age). Methods: Forty rabbits were randomly allotted to two treatment groups according to the rearing system, and each treatment group was replicated five times with four subjects in each replicate (20 rabbits per treatment-group). All rabbits fed the same diet as pelleted, and under FR system, no additional feeds were available to animals. Results: Rearing system had significant effect on rabbit growth performance, where CS group resulted in higher final body weight (p<0.045) and gain (p<0.029) and better feed efficiency (p<0.025) compared to FR rabbits. Most carcass traits were not affected by rearing system; however, a reduction of abdominal fat content (p<0.015) and meat lipids (p<0.034) was observed in FR rabbits. Rearing system had no effects on meat fatty acid profile, whereas meat from FR rabbits resulted less susceptible to lipid and protein oxidation compared to caged animals. Conclusion: In overall, FR system could be suggested as a substitute for conventional caged system because of FR system preserved rabbit meat from oxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.15-28
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• 2000

The purpose of this research was to examine variables contributing to the father's role performance. The study has been designed to measure the quantitative(i.e. amount of involvement) and the qualitative(i.e. depth of affection/care) values in their modes of child-rearing practices by taking a clouter look at the father's views on their careers and on offspring. Subjects were 516 fathers of school-age children. Analyzing the factors that determine the quantitative and qualitative aspects of child-rearing practices by the fathers, the sense of fulfillment/value in life is the decisive factor behind the affection(i.e. qualitative) in the child-rearing practices. The resets indicated that the father's perceptions on their careers and on their children constitute the critical factors behind the qualitative and quantitative aspects of child-rearing practices, albeit holding such factors as the parents'working hour or as mothers with outside jobs under control.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.269-272
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• 2004

Different methods of cold storing of bivoltine eggs are in practice to postpone hatching. Bivoltine eggs undergo hibernation if they are not acid treated within 20 - 24 hrs of oviposition, which depends on race, ambient temperature and humidity. The schedules adopted for cold storing include hibernation schedule (Hib), ordinary chilling (OC), short term chilling (STC) and acid treated layings (AT). Peanut cocooning race ${NB_4}{D_2}$ has been subjected for the present assessment. Cocoons harvested from the crop pertaining to all the four methods of cold storing have been used for producing different combinations and acid treated followed by rearing. The performance in respect of chawki loss, maximum larval weight 4({5^th} age)$, yield/ 10,000 larvae (no), cocoon and shell weight showed maximum values for hibernation ${\times}$ hibernation combination followed hibernation with OC and hibernation with AT. Lowest performance was recorded when STC batch source females were used.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.417-432
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between mother's beliefs on child rearing and children's self-perceptions. The subject of this study were comprised of 167 children aged 8-10 in Iksan & Kunsan city from Dec. 2 to Dec. 8, 2000. The children's self-perceptions were assessed by the self perceptions profile for children. Mother's beliefs questionnaire, developed by Okagaki and Sternberg, was used to obtain the data on mother's beliefs of parenting. The methods of analyses included basic descriptive categorical analysis as well as t-test, one way ANOVA-test, and multiple regression analyses. The major findings from the analyses are as follows: First, a significant difference was found in the degree of mother's beliefs about child rearing by mother's religion(p<.01), mother's education(p<.05), income(p<.001), level of life (p<.0l), mother's job, mother and fathers' agreement of child rearing(p<.05), relationship between mother and child(p<.05) in independence but a significant difference was not found in the degree of mother's beliefs about child rearing in accommodation. Second, the levels of children's scholastic performance were related to higher levels of mother's education(p<.001), mother's income(p<.001), mother and fathers' agreement of child rearing(p<.01). The levels of children's social competence was related to higher, child's gender (p<.01); girls were higher than boys. The levels of children's athletic abilities were not significant. The levels of children's physical appearance was related to higher levels of mother's education(p<.01), mother's income(p<.01), level of life(p<.05), mother's marriage(not divorce)(p<.01). The levels of children's behavioral conduct were related to higher levels of child's gender (p<.05), mother's education(p<.01), mother's income (p<.01), relationship between father and child(p<.0l). The levels of children's global self worth were related to higher levels of mother's age(p<.05), mother's education(p<.001), level of life(p<.05). Third according to the multiple regression analyses for the relationships between mother's beliefs about child rearing and children's self perceptions, mother's beliefs on the creativity were related to higher levels of children's scholastic performance, social competence, and mother's beliefs on the problem solving skills to higher levels of children's behavioral conduct and mother's beliefs on the accommodation to lower levels of children's scholastic performance, social conduct.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 2001

Fifth instar larvae of the new bivoltine hybrid (CSR2 ${\times}$ CSR5) were reared under different temperature and humidity viz., $20^{\circ}C$ and 85 ${pm}$ 5% R.H (T1), $25^{\circ}C$ and 70 ${pm}$ 5% R.H (T2-Optimum), $30^{\circ}C$ and 80% ${pm}$ 5 R.H (T3) and $35^{\circ}C$and 50 ${pm}$ 5% R.H (T4). The cocoon yield, cocoon characters and disease incidence were studied in normal (non infectious source, i.e control) rearing as well as in 1% infectious source of rearing. The results indicated that V instar larval duration was prolonged and cocoon weight was improved in T1. ERR and shell ratio were significantly improved and disease incidence was minimised in T2. Further significant difference was observed among the treatments with regard to spread of diseases.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2007

Three newly authorized bivoltine silkworm hybrids namely, $CSR2{\times}CSR4$ (productive single hybrid), $(CSR6{\times}CSR26){\times}(CSR2{\times}CSR27)$ (productive double hybrid) and $CSR18{\times}CSR19$ (robust single hybrid) were chosen for the present study. These hybrids were subjected to different temperature and humidity treatments i.e., $25{\pm}$1^{\circ}C and RH $65{\pm}5%$ (control), $30{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, with combinations of low relative humidity (RH $65{\pm}5%$) and high RH ($85{\pm}5%$) at different stages during rearing and spinning of silkworm larvae. The larvae of after 3rd moult were subjected to different thermal and humidity stress till the assessment of cocoon traits. The comparative rearing and reeling performance clearly indicated that the deleterious effect of high temperature and high RH was more pronounced for the majority of traits such as cocoon uniformity, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell percentage, reelability, filament length, raw silk percentage raw silk recovery denier and waste percentage on silk weight than other temperature and RH treatments and this effect was almost similar for all three silkworm hybrids studied. The present investigation clearly indicate that the deleterious effect of high temperature and high RH was more pronounced on rearing and spinning of silkworm larvae than other temperature and RH treatments and similar effect was noticed for all the three silkworm hybrids studied. The cocoon characters can be improved by providing ideal environmental conditions even during spinning stage of larvae affected with high temperature and RH. The study also suggest that high temperature and low humidity has greater effect during rearing stage than spinning stage.