• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6065-6070
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, including Thailand, and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. Novel gene expression in breast cancer is a focus in searches for prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic targets. Materials and Methods: The mRNA expression of novel B4GALT4, SLC35B2, and WDHD1 genes in breast cancer were examined in invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) patients using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). Results: Among these genes, increased expression of SLC35B2 mRNA was significantly associated with TNM stage III + IV of IDC (p<0.001). Hence, up-regulation of SLC35B2 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for poor prognosis, and is also a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.944-951
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• 2016

Tdrd12 is one of tudor domain containing (Tdrd) family members. However, the expression pattern of Tdrd12 has not been well studied. To compare the expression levels of Tdrd12 in various tissues, real time-polymerase chain reaction was performed using total RNAs from liver, small intestine, heart, brain, kidney, lung, spleen, stomach, uterus, ovary, and testis. Tdrd12 mRNA was highly expressed in testis. Antibody against mouse TDRD12 were generated using amino acid residues SQRPNEKPLRLTEKKDC of TDRD12 to investigate TDRD12 localization in testis. Immunostaining assay shows that TDRD12 is mainly localized at the spermatid in the seminiferous tubules of adult testes. During postnatal development, TDRD12 is differentially expressed. TDRD12 was detected in early spermatocytes at 2 weeks and TDRD12 was localized at acrosome of the round spermatids. TDRD12 expression was not co-localized with TDRD1 which is an important component of piRNA pathway in germ cells. Our results indicate that TDRD12 may play an important role in spermatids and function as a regulator of spermatogenesis in dependent of TDRD1.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1515-1528
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• 2017

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the rumen and the other intestinal segments of cattle, harbors a diverse, complex, and dynamic microbiome that drives feed digestion and fermentation in cattle, determining feed efficiency and output of pollutants. This microbiome also plays an important role in affecting host health. Research has been conducted for more than a century to understand the microbiome and its relationship to feed efficiency and host health. The traditional cultivation-based research elucidated some of the major metabolism, but studies using molecular biology techniques conducted from late 1980's to the late early 2000's greatly expanded our view of the diversity of the rumen and intestinal microbiome of cattle. Recently, metagenomics has been the primary technology to characterize the GI microbiome and its relationship with host nutrition and health. This review addresses the main methods/techniques in current use, the knowledge gained, and some of the challenges that remain. Most of the primers used in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification and diversity analysis using metagenomics of ruminal bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa were also compiled.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2016

To examine the possibility of using Musa sapientum L. (Banana) leaf extract as a cosmetic raw material, banana leaves grown in Jeju Island were extracted with 70% ethanol. Polysaccharides present in banana leaf extract were discarded by precipitation with cold ethanol. Polysaccharide-discarded banana leaf extract promoted procollagen and COL1A1 gene expression, but inhibited matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-2 gene expression in human skin fibroblasts when examined by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The active compound in banana leaves was identified by fractionation with various solvents. The chloroform fraction showed the highest anti-wrinkle efficacy and the active compound of chloroform fraction was identified as corosolic acid by NMR, FT-IR, EA, and HPLC-MS. In addition, banana leaf extract showed anti-oxidative efficacy with an IC50 value of 67.91 ppm, as determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Finally, the anti-wrinkle efficacy of banana leaf extract-containing cream was confirmed by clinical tests. Based on these results, banana leaves could have an application as a cosmetic raw material with anti-wrinkle efficacy.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1037-1046
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• 2009

Copy number variations(CNVs) are known as one of the most important factors in susceptibility to genetic disorders because they affect expression levels of genes. In previous studies, pyrosequencing, mini-sequencing real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR), invader assays and other techniques have been used to detect CNVs. However, the higher the copy number in a genome, the more difficult it is to resolve the copies, so a more accurate method for measuring CNVs and assigning genotype is needed. PCR followed by a quantitative oligonucleotide ligation assay(qOLA) was developed for quantifying CNVs. The aim of this study was to compare the two methods for detecting and quantifying the CNVs of duplicated gene: the published pyrosequencing assay(pyro_CNV) and the newly developed qOLA_CNV. The accuracy and precision of the assay were evaluated for porcine KIT, which was selected as a model locus. Overall, the root mean squares(RMSs) of bias and standard deviation of qOLA_CNV were 2.09 and 0.45, respectively. These values are less than half of those of pyro CNV.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2017

This study evaluated the anti-Helicobacter and anti-inflammatory effects of Sohamhyungtang (SHHT). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SHHT against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was determined by the agar dilution method. Expression of the H. pylori cagA gene in the presence of SHHT was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Inhibition of H. pylori urease by SHHT was determined by the phenol-hypochlorite assay. Antiadhesion activity of SHHT was measured by urea-phenol red reagent. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in AGS cells was measured with Griess reagent. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IL-8 mRNA expression in AGS cells which were infected with H. pylori was determined by qRT-PCR. IL-8 level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The MIC of SHHT was $100{\mu}g/mL$ and the expression of cagA gene was decreased about 25 folds in the presence of SHHT. H. pylori urease was inhibited 90% by SHHT. SHHT inhibited H. pylori adhesion on AGS cell in a concentration dependent manner. mRNA expression of iNOS and IL-8 and the production of NO and IL-8 were significantly decreased in the presence of SHHT. In conclusion, SHHT showed anti-Helicobacter activity and has potent anti-inflammatory effect on H. pylori-induced inflammation in human gastric epithelial AGS cells.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2008

To screen the differentially expressed genes in cadmuim-exposed marine medaka fish (Oryzias javanicus), a candidate marine test fish for ecological toxicity, the differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) was carried out, since the genome-wide gene expression data are not available in this fish species yet. A total of 35 clones were isolated from cadmium-exposed fish and their nucleotide sequences were analyzed. The differentially expressed gene candidates were categorized to response to stimulus (3); ion binding (3); DNA binding (1); protein binding (6); carbohydrate binding (1); metabolic process (4); biological regulation (3); cellular process (2); protein synthesis (2); catalytic activity (2); sense of sight (1); immune (1); neurohormone (1); signaling activity (1); electron carrier activity (1) and others (3). For real-time quantitative RT-PCR, we selected catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, heat shock protein 70, and metallothionein and confirmed that cadmium exposure enhanced induction of these four genes.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2009

The miniature pig is considered to be a better organ donor breed for xenotransplantation than other pig breeds because the size of the organs of the miniature pig is similar to that of humans. In this study, we aimed at identifying differentially expressed genes in the miniature pig ovary during pregnancy. For this, we used the miniature pig ovary model, annealing control primer-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and northern blotting analysis. We identified 13 genes showing differential expression on the based of pregnancy status and validated 8 genes using qRT-PCR. We also sequenced the full-length cDNA of ephrin receptor A4 (EphA4), which had a significant difference in expression level, and validated it by northern blotting. These genes may provide a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms during pregnancy in miniature pig ovary.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1500-1504
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• 2009

Effects of methanol extract from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) (CME) on underlying mechanisms of lipolysis were investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Compared to the control, lipid accumulation with 72 hr treatment of CME at the concentration $20\;{\mu}g/mL$ was significantly decreased by 19.9% as quantified by Oil red O dye. Intracellular triglyceride (TG) content was also lowered by 19.3%. To determine the mechanism for TG content reduction, glycerol release level was measured. Incubation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with 15 and $20\;{\mu}g/mL$ of CME significantly elevated the level of free glycerol released into the cultured medium by 20.4 and 28.6%, respectively. In subsequent measurements using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mRNA levels of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) were significantly increased by 21.2 and 24.9%, respectively, at the concentration $20\;{\mu}g/mL$. Results indicated that CME stimulated lipolysis through induction of HSL and ATGL mRNA expressions, resulting in increased glycerol release.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2011

Purpose: Curcumin is known to exert numerous biological effects including anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of curcumin on the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Prevotella intermedia, a major cause of inflammatory periodontal disease, and sought to determine the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: LPS was prepared from lyophilized P. intermedia ATCC 25611 cells by the standard hot phenol-water method. Culture supernatants were collected and assayed for IL-6. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect IL-6 mRNA expression. $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation, nuclear translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ subunits, and STAT1 phosphorylation were characterized via immunoblotting. DNA-binding of NF-${\kappa}B$ was also analyzed. Results: Curcumin strongly suppressed the production of IL-6 at both gene transcription and translation levels in P. intermedia LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Curcumin did not inhibit the degradation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ induced by P. intermedia LPS. Curcumin blocked NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling through the inhibition of nuclear translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p50 subunit. Curcumin also attenuated DNA binding activity of p50 and p65 subunits and suppressed STAT1 phosphorylation. Conclusions: Although further study is required to explore the detailed mechanism of action, curcumin may contribute to blockade of the host-destructive processes mediated by IL-6 and appears to have potential therapeutic values in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease.