• Title/Summary/Keyword: Real Time Traffic

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Shortest Path Problems of Military Vehicles Considering Traffic Flow Characteristics (교통류특성을 고려한 군화물차량군 경로선정)

  • 방현석;김건영;강경우
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.71-82
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    • 2003
  • The shortest path problems(SPP) are critical issues in the military logistics such as the simulation of the War-Game. However, the existing SPP has two major drawbacks, one is its accuracy of solution and the other is for only one solution with focused on just link cost in the military transportation planning models. In addition, very few previous studies have been examined for the multi-shortest path problems without considering link capacity reflecting the military characteristics. In order to overcome these drawbacks, it is necessary to apply the multi-shortest paths algorithm reflecting un-expected military incidents. This study examines the multi-shortest paths in the real networks using Shier algorithm. The network contains both military link capacity and time-based cost. Also, the modes are defined as a platoon(group) rather than unit which is used in most of previous studies in the military logistics. To verify the algorithm applied in this study. the comparative analysis was performed with various sizes and routes of network which compares with Dijkstra algorithm. The major findings of this study are as follows ; 1) Regarding the unique characteristics of the military transportation plan, Shier algorithm, which is applied to this study, is more realistic than Dijkstra algorithm. Also, the time based concept is more applicable than the distance based model in the military logistics. 2) Based on the results from the various simulations of this study the capacity-constraint sections appeared in each scenarios. As a consequence, the alternatives are necessary such as measures for vulnerable area, improvement of vehicle(mode), and reflection of separated-marching column in the military manuals. Finally. the limits and future research directions are discussed : 1) It is very hard to compare the results found in this study. which is used in the real network and the previous studies which is used in arbitrary network. 2) In order to reflect the real military situations such as heavy tanks and heavy equipment vehicles. the other constraints such as the safety load of bridges and/or the height of tunnels should be considered for the future studies.

Edge to Edge Model and Delay Performance Evaluation for Autonomous Driving (자율 주행을 위한 Edge to Edge 모델 및 지연 성능 평가)

  • Cho, Moon Ki;Bae, Kyoung Yul
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.191-207
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    • 2021
  • Up to this day, mobile communications have evolved rapidly over the decades, mainly focusing on speed-up to meet the growing data demands of 2G to 5G. And with the start of the 5G era, efforts are being made to provide such various services to customers, as IoT, V2X, robots, artificial intelligence, augmented virtual reality, and smart cities, which are expected to change the environment of our lives and industries as a whole. In a bid to provide those services, on top of high speed data, reduced latency and reliability are critical for real-time services. Thus, 5G has paved the way for service delivery through maximum speed of 20Gbps, a delay of 1ms, and a connecting device of 106/㎢ In particular, in intelligent traffic control systems and services using various vehicle-based Vehicle to X (V2X), such as traffic control, in addition to high-speed data speed, reduction of delay and reliability for real-time services are very important. 5G communication uses high frequencies of 3.5Ghz and 28Ghz. These high-frequency waves can go with high-speed thanks to their straightness while their short wavelength and small diffraction angle limit their reach to distance and prevent them from penetrating walls, causing restrictions on their use indoors. Therefore, under existing networks it's difficult to overcome these constraints. The underlying centralized SDN also has a limited capability in offering delay-sensitive services because communication with many nodes creates overload in its processing. Basically, SDN, which means a structure that separates signals from the control plane from packets in the data plane, requires control of the delay-related tree structure available in the event of an emergency during autonomous driving. In these scenarios, the network architecture that handles in-vehicle information is a major variable of delay. Since SDNs in general centralized structures are difficult to meet the desired delay level, studies on the optimal size of SDNs for information processing should be conducted. Thus, SDNs need to be separated on a certain scale and construct a new type of network, which can efficiently respond to dynamically changing traffic and provide high-quality, flexible services. Moreover, the structure of these networks is closely related to ultra-low latency, high confidence, and hyper-connectivity and should be based on a new form of split SDN rather than an existing centralized SDN structure, even in the case of the worst condition. And in these SDN structural networks, where automobiles pass through small 5G cells very quickly, the information change cycle, round trip delay (RTD), and the data processing time of SDN are highly correlated with the delay. Of these, RDT is not a significant factor because it has sufficient speed and less than 1 ms of delay, but the information change cycle and data processing time of SDN are factors that greatly affect the delay. Especially, in an emergency of self-driving environment linked to an ITS(Intelligent Traffic System) that requires low latency and high reliability, information should be transmitted and processed very quickly. That is a case in point where delay plays a very sensitive role. In this paper, we study the SDN architecture in emergencies during autonomous driving and conduct analysis through simulation of the correlation with the cell layer in which the vehicle should request relevant information according to the information flow. For simulation: As the Data Rate of 5G is high enough, we can assume the information for neighbor vehicle support to the car without errors. Furthermore, we assumed 5G small cells within 50 ~ 250 m in cell radius, and the maximum speed of the vehicle was considered as a 30km ~ 200 km/hour in order to examine the network architecture to minimize the delay.

Methodology for Vehicle Trajectory Detection Using Long Distance Image Tracking (원거리 차량 추적 감지 방법)

  • Oh, Ju-Taek;Min, Joon-Young;Heo, Byung-Do
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.159-166
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    • 2008
  • Video image processing systems (VIPS) offer numerous benefits to transportation models and applications, due to their ability to monitor traffic in real time. VIPS based on a wide-area detection algorithm provide traffic parameters such as flow and velocity as well as occupancy and density. However, most current commercial VIPS utilize a tripwire detection algorithm that examines image intensity changes in the detection regions to indicate vehicle presence and passage, i.e., they do not identify individual vehicles as unique targets. If VIPS are developed to track individual vehicles and thus trace vehicle trajectories, many existing transportation models will benefit from more detailed information of individual vehicles. Furthermore, additional information obtained from the vehicle trajectories will improve incident detection by identifying lane change maneuvers and acceleration/deceleration patterns. However, unlike human vision, VIPS cameras have difficulty in recognizing vehicle movements over a detection zone longer than 100 meters. Over such a distance, the camera operators need to zoom in to recognize objects. As a result, vehicle tracking with a single camera is limited to detection zones under 100m. This paper develops a methodology capable of monitoring individual vehicle trajectories based on image processing. To improve traffic flow surveillance, a long distance tracking algorithm for use over 200m is developed with multi-closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras. The algorithm is capable of recognizing individual vehicle maneuvers and increasing the effectiveness of incident detection.

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The Effects Analysis and Model Project on Speed Management in Commerical Area Street (상업지역 생활도로 속도관리 시범운영 및 효과분석)

  • Shim, Kywan-Bho;Heo, Nak-Won
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.119-127
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    • 2011
  • The main purpose of this paper is to apply Zone 30 system which is being experimented in advanced country for the solution of controlling the residential street's speed to our country with the consideration of the real condition of our street and traffic and to run this system as an example to analyze the effect and at the same time, analyze the problem and get appropriate preparation for this system to be widespread. The area to run this model project is Goyang City Ilsan-Gu.($0.65km^2$) which is close with the commercial area reflecting the opinion of experts and an on-site verification by the National Police Agency T/F and is having a heavy pedestrian traffic and the risk of pedestrian accident. Firstly we defined residential street and residential street area to review the system and devided the residential street type to establish a plan of operation. Afterwards, we thoroughly examined the model project area and analyzed the problem and solution. We finally completed establishing a facilities by conference with a local autonomous entity with the improvement of facility's sketch at the analysis of the model project area. The result of effects analysis which we devided after and before of establishment is that vehicle speed be reduced 5~15km/h, and traffic accidents has decreased by 24 percent.

Robust Vision Based Algorithm for Accident Detection of Crossroad (교차로 사고감지를 위한 강건한 비젼기반 알고리즘)

  • Jeong, Sung-Hwan;Lee, Joon-Whoan
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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    • v.18B no.3
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    • pp.117-130
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to produce a better way to detect crossroad accidents, which involves an efficient method to produce background images in consideration of object movement and preserve/demonstrate the candidate accident region. One of the prior studies proposed an employment of traffic signal interval within crossroad to detect accidents on crossroad, but it may cause a failure to detect unwanted accidents if any object is covered on an accident site. This study adopted inverse perspective mapping to control the scale of object, and proposed different ways such as producing robust background images enough to resist surrounding noise, generating candidate accident regions through information on object movement, and by using edge information to preserve and delete the candidate accident region. In order to measure the performance of proposed algorithm, a variety of traffic images were saved and used for experiment (e.g. recorded images on rush hours via DVR installed on crossroad, different accident images recorded in day and night rainy days, and recorded images including surrounding noise of lighting and shades). As a result, it was found that there were all 20 experiment cases of accident detected and actual effective rate of accident detection amounted to 76.9% on average. In addition, the image processing rate ranged from 10~14 frame/sec depending on the area of detection region. Thus, it is concluded that there will be no problem in real-time image processing.

A Strategy To Reduce Network Traffic Using Two-layered Cache Servers for Continuous Media Data on the Wide Area Network (이중 캐쉬 서버를 사용한 실시간 데이터의 좡대역 네트워크 대역폭 감소 정책)

  • Park, Yong-Woon;Beak, Kun-Hyo;Chung, Ki-Dong
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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    • v.7 no.10
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    • pp.3262-3271
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    • 2000
  • Continuous media objects, due to large volume and real-time consiraints in their delivery,are likely to consume much network andwidth Generally, proxy servers are used to hold the fiequently requested objects so as to reduce the network traffic to the central server but most of them are designed for text and image dae that they do not go well with continuous media data. So, in this paper, we propose a two-layered network cache management policy for continuous media object delivery on the wide area networks. With the proposed cache management scheme,in cach LAN, there exists one LAN cache and each LAN is further devided into a group of sub-LANs, each of which also has its own sub-LAN eache. Further, each object is also partitioned into two parts the front-end and rear-end partition. they can be loaded in the same cache or separately in different network caches according to their access frequencics. By doing so, cache replacement overhead could be educed as compared to the case of the full size daa allocation and replacement , this eventually reduces the backbone network traffic to the origin server.

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A Study on the Performance Analysis and synthesis for a Differentiated Service Networks (차등 서비스 네트워크에 대한 성능 분석과 합성에 대한 연구)

  • Jeon, Yong-Hui;Park, Su-Yeong
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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    • v.9C no.1
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    • pp.123-134
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    • 2002
  • The requirement for QoS (Quality of Service) has become an important Issue as real-time or high bandwidth services are increasing, such as Internet Telephony, Internet broadcasting, and multimedia service etc. In order to guarantee the QoS of Internet application services, several approaches are being sought including IntServ (Integrated Service) DiffServ(Differentiated Srvices), and MPLS(Multi-Protocol Label Switching). In this paper, we describe the performance analysis of QoS guarantee mechanism using the DiffServ. To analyze how the DiffServ performance was affected by diverse input traffic models and the weight value in WFQ(Weighted Fair Queueing), we simulated and performed performance evaluation under a random, bursty, and self-similar input traffic models and for diverse input parameters. leased on the results of performance analysis, it was confirmed that significant difference exist in packet delay and loss depending on the input traffic models used. However, it was revealed that QoS guarantee is possible to the EF (expedited Forwarding) class and the service separation between RF and BE (Best Effort) classes may also be achieved. Next, we discussed the performance synthesis problem. (i. e. derived the conservation laws for a DiffServ networks, and analysed the performance variation and dynamic behavior based on the resource allocation (i.e., weight value) in WFQ.

Short-Term Prediction of Vehicle Speed on Main City Roads using the k-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm (k-Nearest Neighbor 알고리즘을 이용한 도심 내 주요 도로 구간의 교통속도 단기 예측 방법)

  • Rasyidi, Mohammad Arif;Kim, Jeongmin;Ryu, Kwang Ryel
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.121-131
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    • 2014
  • Traffic speed is an important measure in transportation. It can be employed for various purposes, including traffic congestion detection, travel time estimation, and road design. Consequently, accurate speed prediction is essential in the development of intelligent transportation systems. In this paper, we present an analysis and speed prediction of a certain road section in Busan, South Korea. In previous works, only historical data of the target link are used for prediction. Here, we extract features from real traffic data by considering the neighboring links. After obtaining the candidate features, linear regression, model tree, and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) are employed for both feature selection and speed prediction. The experiment results show that k-NN outperforms model tree and linear regression for the given dataset. Compared to the other predictors, k-NN significantly reduces the error measures that we use, including mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE).

Road Sign Function Diversification Strategy to Respond to Changes in the Future Traffic Environment : Focusing on Citizens' Usability of Road Signs (미래 교통환경 변화 대응을 위한 도로표지 기능 다변화 전략: 시민의 도로표지 활용성을 중심으로)

  • Choi, Woo-Chul;Cheong, Kyu-Soo;Na, Joon-Yeop
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.30-41
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    • 2022
  • With the advent of autonomous driving, personal mobility, drones, and smart roads, it is necessary to respond to changes in the road traffic environment in the road guidance system. However, the use of road signs to guide the road is decreasing compared to the past due to the advent of devices such as navigation and smartphones. Therefore, in this study, a large-scale survey was conducted to derive road sign issues and usage plans to respond to future changes. Based on this, this study presented a strategy to diversify road sign functions by analyzing the factors affecting the use of road signs by citizens. As a result, first, it is necessary to provide real-time variable road guidance information that reflects user needs such as traffic, weather, and local events. Second, it is necessary to informatize digital road signs such as reflecting maps with precision. Third, it is necessary to demonstrate road guidance in a virtual environment that reflects various future mobility and road environments.

Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Augmented Reality Navigation System (증강현실 내비게이션의 인지적.행동적 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kyong-Ho;Cho, Sung-Ik;Lee, Jae-Sik;Wohn, Kwang-Yun
    • Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.9-20
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    • 2009
  • Navigation system providing route-guidance and traffic information is one of the most widely used driver-support system these days. Most of the navigation system is based on the 2D map paradigm so the information is ed and encoded from the real world. As a result it imposes a cognitive burden to the driver to interpret and translate the ed information to real world information. As a new concept of navigation system, augmented-reality navigation system (AR navigation) is suggested recently. It provides navigational guidance by imposing graphical information on real image captured by camera mounted on a vehicle in real-time. The ultimate goal of navigation system is to assist the driving task with least driving workload whether it is based on the abstracted graphic paradigm or realistic image paradigm. In this paper, we describe the comparative studies on how map navigation and AR navigation affect for driving tasks by experimental research. From the result of this research we obtained a basic knowledge about the two paradigms of navigation systems. On the basis of this knowledge, we are going to find the optimal design of navigation system supporting driving task most effectively, by analyzing characteristics of driving tasks and navigational information from the human-vehicle interface point of view.