• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2010

Most of the ear shells of hearing aids are manufactured manually, and it is one of the reasons that the cost of the custom-made hearing aids can be increased. Thus it is required to manufacture the ready-made ear shell for the purpose of easy manufacturing and decrease in cost. In this study, we extract parameters in order to manufacture the ready-made ear shell for CIC type hearing aids and simulate to reconstruct the ear shell using the extracted parameters. To parameter extraction, we set up the eleven parameters for the ready-made ear shell based on anatomical characteristics of the ear canal, and we found values of the parameters from twenty-one impressions in their 20s and twelve impressions in their 60s using aperture detection and feature detection algorithms. Classifying the parameters by size, we also determine the parameters of ready-made ear shell into three types for people in their 20s and two types for people in their 60s. Each ready-made ear shell was simulated to reconstruct using figured parameters, and evaluated the rate of agreement with unused impressions for setting parameters. To evaluate the ready-made ear shell, we calculate the volume ratio and intersection between of the each impression and ready-made ear shell, and the intersection ratio using the intersection volume and ready-made ear shell volume. As a result, the volume ratio was about 70%, and volume match ratio was also up to 70%. It means that the ready-made ear shell we simulated is the significantly matched to impression.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 2011

In this study, main parameters: aperture, first bend and second bend which express a structure of ear canal are extracted in order to modeling and manufacture the ready-made ear shells of hearing aids. The proposed parameter extraction method consists of 2 important algorithms, aperture detection and feature detection. In the aperture detection algorithm, aperture of 3-D scanned virtual ear impression and parameters relating to ear shell of hearing aid are determined. The feature detection algorithm detects first bend, second bend, and related parameters. Through these two algorithms, parameters for aperture, first bend, and second bend are extracted to model the ready-made ear shell of hearing aid. The values of these extracted parameters from 36 people's right ear impression are analyzed and measured statistically. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that it is possible to classify ready-made ear shell parameters by age and size. The ready-made ear shell parameters are classified 3-size for 20 years old and 2-size for 60 years olde. Using 3D rhino program, virtual ready-made ear shell is reconstructed by parameters of every type, and simulated to model it. A final product was produced by transferring simulation result with rapid prototyping system. The modeled ready-made ear shell is evaluated with the objective and subjective method. Objective method is the comparison volume ratio and overlapped volume ratio of ear impression from randomly chosen 18 people and ready-made ear shell. And subjective method is that the final product of ready-made ear shell is used by users and the satisfaction number drawn from well fitting and comfortable testing was evaluated. In the result of the evaluation, it has been found that volume ration is 70%, big and middle size ready-made ear shell products are possible, and the satisfaction number is high.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.123-134
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• 2001

The purpose of this study to compare the purchasing behaviour of men's business suits, among custom suits, system order, and ready-made suits, centering around the choice of information source, risk perception and benefits sought. The survey of this study was collected from 450 adult male in Seoul. The data was analyzed by factor analysis and ANOVA. The result of this study were as follows : 1. Custom suits, system order, and ready-made suits consumers have a significant difference in the choice of information source. The consumer attaching most importance to the impersonal information source is the system order users, custom suits users, and ready-made suits users respectively. However there was no significant difference in the personal source among 3 different purchasing behaviour of men's suits. 2. For the risk perception, 1) the group who perceived the highest in economic risk is the system order users, followed by custom suits users, and ready-made suits users. 2) the group who perceived performance risk as being the highest concern is the ready-made suits consumers, followed by system order user, and custom suits user. 3) the group who perceived the socio-psychological risk as the highest is the ready-made suits consumers, and followed by custom suits user and system order users. 4) there is no difference among the three groups with respect to the fashionability loss risk. 5) the group of the highest perceiving the useful loss risk is the ready-made suits consumers, and the next is system order users, custom suits users. 6) the group of the highest perceiving the time and convenience loss risk is ready-made suits users, and the next is system order users, custom suits users. 3. For the benefit sought, the group of the highest perceiving the aesthetics is custom suits consumers, and the next is system order users, ready-made suits users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.873-882
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• 2003

The purpose of the study is altering ready-made garments for the wheelchair users. Some alterations ready-made garments suggested for the wheelchair users are applicable to the physical conditions using the wheelchair, which create limitations in the use of clothing. Alterations ready-made garments were suggested 3 parts of the altering on the tops and 3 parts of the pants. Detachable sleeves at the elbow, adding the action pleats on the shoulder and back openings with zipper were adapted on the tops. The altering crotch length from the center back, changing position of the pocket and adding the pleats at the knee were adapted on the pants. The snap-tapes, zipper and hook & eye were used for the altering the ready-made garments.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.451-463
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• 2009

Although they generally undergo less change in somatotype than other age groups, women in their early twenties have postural changes incurred with their inappropriate postures during the growth period. Since such somatotype changes reduce their satisfaction in the fitting of ready-made clothing, the study intends to examine the inadequate postures and life habits of women in their twenties and to analyze their self-recognition and actual conditions of the bad fit of ready-made clothes. A survey questionnaire was conducted on 225 customers and 29 sellers of ready-made clothes. According to the result, it was found that their inappropriate postures had made their back and shoulders undesirably bent and led to their low satisfaction in the fitting of ready-made clothes. Therefore, it is necessary to perform researches for developing renovated design in consideration of their somatotype changes.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.9-18
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• 2001

This study is to provide basic data for the development of domestic ready-made shoes industry by illustrating any problem in regards to the ready-made shoes for ordinary salary men through looking into its uses and gratifications. Subjects for this study were in between twenties and sixties by applying convenient random sampling method, which was done in January to February, 2001. The results were as follows: 1. General foot shape of subjects was that foot breadth was wide whereas instep height was average. In regards to the metamorphic parts of foot, the most metamorphic part was the fifth toe which could be occurred by disagreeable shoes to foot. 2. General salary men (69.5%) wear the formal shoes and their wearing time per day is over 10 hours (49%), which illustrates that more suitable and convenient functional shoes needs to be developed. 3. Almost of subjects tended to purchase ready-made shoes, and their concerns to be considered when to purchase ready-made shoes were its size and solidity. This finding suggests that the size specification of the ready-made shoes needs to be more specific in terms of its length as well as foot breadth. 4. The most unsatisfied point on the ready-made shoes was the foot breadth. According to the Crosstabulation analysis on the discomfort part and the foot breadth, there existed a significant correlation between the discomfort part and the foot breadth (p$\leq$0.05). The above results make clear that overall salary men have complaints on the ready-made formal shoes in terms of its size and wearing comfort level. This suggests that the subdivision of the shoes size specification needs to be developed to improve the wearing comfort level.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.365-374
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• 2006

A 'Readymade' is an everyday object selected and designated as art. The term was coined by Marcel Duchamp to describe his artistic process based on the attempt to destroy the notion of the uniqueness of the art object: his influence went for beyond the art world affecting all design activities based on creativity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ready-made technique from an educational point of view. Starting from Duchamp experience and his further influence on the design world, the study aims to demonstrate the value of the ready-made technique as a basic element in the education of young designers. The research method is based on the empirical observation of the results of the same project assigned to forty different students in different universities. The collected results were grouped in four families according to each specific generative method: constructive, conceptual, aggregative and elaborative. These four categories, derived by the observation of the results, represent tangible variations of the same disciplined technique. This flexibility demonstrates the value of the ready-made process as a foundation practice particularly indicated for young designers. These are the main skills students developed through its application to design projects; exploring and reconsidering attitude, recycling issues, new identity to familiar objects, focus on ideas.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 2004

This research suggest the correspondent sizes of female ready-made clothes to export to China on the basis of those of Korean women's ready-made clothes. The following is the concrete coverage of this research: $\cdot$ Analyze the physical measurements and body types of the women in their 30s and 40s in the area of Ningbo, Jeolgang Province in China. $\cdot$ Compare the body measurements of Chinese and Korean women. $\cdot$ Hold compensation measurement by an basic torso pattern test to raise precision of the direct and indirect body measurements. $\cdot$ Establish the corresponding and representative sizes of women's ready-made clothes to go to China. $\cdot$ Make basic torso pattern and sample clothes reflecting representative sizes. $\cdot$ Hold adjustment and compensation through the wearing evaluation by Chinese consumers on the spot. $\cdot$ Finally suggest the correspondent sizes of women's ready-made clothes to export to China.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1442-1453
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• 2010

This study targets adult females and shows the analysis of physical images affecting clothing behavior, satisfaction or dissatisfaction of ready-made clothes, favorite ready-made clothes design, and weight control as well as the result of demographic characteristic influencing clothing behavior. An individual satisfied with their body prefers bright colors and shiny clothes, on the other hand, an individual who is dissatisfied with their body do not like ready-made clothes and favor loose suits. This study shows that individuals not satisfied with their body are afraid of becoming fat and are following a weight control program. The analysis explains that women (who care for their appearance well) pursue aestheticism, superiority, and are more satisfied with ready-made clothes with casual, feminine, and fancy motifs. It also shows that women who have no confidence in their body follow feminine modesty; on the contrary, those who are confident of their body are satisfied with ready-made dresses and prefer a sexy image. As a result, those who do not care about their looks seek feminine modesty, functionality, and easy-management.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2011

Jacket is popular ready-made garment among college students in their early 20s. However, ready-made jackets, which are designed to fit normal people, are not likely to fit sportsmen well who have highly developed muscles in particular parts of their bodies. And muscle development is quite different among sportsmen according to the types of sports and bodily movements. Therefore, ready-made jackets can not be expected to fit sportsmen well as they fit normal people who have different shapes of bodies from sportsmen. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of fitness and comfortableness of jackets for sportsmen in their early 20s according to the types of sports to provide basic data for designing suitable garments for them. Research method, 362 college sportsmen in their early 20s were surveyed from June 2nd 2009 to June 9th 2009, and 360 of them were processed statistically, with 2 of them having been discarded for lack of sincerity. Among Taekwondo players, Arm Length was the most complained part, among wrestlers, Biacromion Length was the most complained part, among fencers, 'Waist Circumference' was the most complained part, among swimmers, Biacromion Length was the most complained part, among apparatus gymnast, 'Hip Circumference' was the most complained part, among track athletes and handball players, more than 20% answered that the jackets did not fit them in every parts. It was understood that different sportsmen complained of particular parts of the jackets and that parts of the jacket should be adjusted according to bodily shapes of different sportsmen. This study was made to investigate the factors to be considered in producing ready-made jackets for college sportsmen. It is hoped that more patterns will be developed on the basis of the original form of jacket and the result of this study.