• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2019

Existing buildings in urban parks are a kind of thing that has been settled and occupied on the site of an unexecuted park. The aim of this study is to identify nature by analyzing the causality and path-dependency through the transformation of the relevant system. The scope of the study was set up as a system for the occupancy of urban parks from 1934 when the building restriction system was established to 2000 when purchase claim (매수청구권) was introduced. The method of study was to get correlation by harmonizing the external and internal mechanisms affecting the relevant institution. The related system showed a modest change in the fourth stage, polymerizing the initial system. In the 1950s and 1960s, the existing buildings in urban parks were 'disguised' by government and the 'regulation' principle was applied since 1967. In the 1980s, the principle of 'protection' and 'support' for parks was added, but in the 1990s, the principle of regulation began to be lifted as the long-term unexecuted urban park (장기미집행 도시공원) problem continued for more than 60 years. Although the public concept of land ownership (토지공개념) has worked strongly for nearly 30 years since 1960, the system has developed into a form of deregulation since 1980. The nature of the relevant institution is first, dependent on the higher-level system and vertical. Second, it implies a conflict of restrictions and acceptance. Third, it is a temporary measure of the park problem. Therefore, the relevant system has long been enhancing the encroachment requirements on urban parks, so fundamental readjustment is needed in the future.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-63
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• 1991

현재 우리나라의 은행산업(銀行産業)은 상당규모의 부실채권(不實債權)을 보유하고 있는데, 이는 1980년 들어 구조적 불황(不況) 쇠퇴업종(衰退業種)의 부실기업체(不實企業體)들을 정부주도하(政府主導下)에 정리하는 과정에서 은행(銀行)이 이들 부채를 떠맡게 된 데에 주로 연유한다. 국내(國內) 비은행금융기관(非銀行金融機關)이나 국제금융기관(國際金融機關)에 비해 경쟁력이 취약한 국내은행(國內銀行)의 부실채권보유(不實債權保有)는 금후의 금융자유화(金融自由化)는 물론 금융국제화(金融國際化)를 추진하는 데 애로요인으로 작용하고 있다. 본고(本稿)에서는 먼저 주요 선진국(先進國)들의 대표적인 부실기업정리(不實企業整理)의 경험을 조사하여 각국의 상이한 금융시스템과 부실기업(不實企業) 정리(整理)패턴간의 연계성을 살펴보고, 과거 우리나라의 부실기업(不實企業) 정리사례(整理事例) 및 성과분석(成果分析)을 통하여 부실채권정리(不實債權整理)의 기본적 방향을 도출하였다. 이에 이어 최근 은행산업(銀行産業)의 부실채권(不實債權) 보유현황(保有現況) 및 경영실태(經營實態)에 대한 분석(分析)을 토대로 구체적인 정리방법과 그 실효성(實效性)에 관해 이론적으로 고찰해 보았다. 주지하는 바와 같이 부실채권정리(不實債權整理)를 제약하는 가장 큰 요인은 손실배분시(損失配分時) 첨예하게 대립되는 관련당사자간의 이해상충문제(利害相衝問題)이다. 경제적(經濟的) 손실(損失)을 최소화하는 부실채권정리의 기본방향(基本方向)은 사후적(事後的) 여신관리(與信管理)에 있어서 은행(銀行)의 수동적 자세를 유발시켜 온 정부(政府)의 직접적인 개입(介入)을 지양하고 부실채권의 내용을 가장 잘 파악하고 있는 관련채권은행(關聯債權銀行)이 주체가 되어 가급적 은행책임하(銀行責任下)에 부실채권(不實債權)을 정리하는 것이라 사료된다. 이를 위한 방법으로 본고(本稿)에서는 부실채권(不實債權)을 연체기간(延滯期間) 및 상환가능성(償還可能性) 등으로 구분하여 상대적으로 양질(良質)의 부실채권은 채무기업(債務企業)의 우선주(優先株)로 전환하는 방법을 모색해 보고, 매몰비용과 다름없는 불량한 부실채권(不實債權)에 대해서는 내부유보(內部留保)의 확충, 은행자산(銀行資産)의 재평가(再評價) 등을 통해 단계적으로 대손상각처리(貸損傷却處理)하는 방안을 고찰해 보았다. 특히 부채(負債)-주식(株式) 전환방법은 은행자산(銀行資産)의 유동성(流動性) 및 수익성(收益性)을 개선하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있으며, 채무기업(債務企業)도 당장의 채무상환압박(債務償還壓迫)의 해소로 재무구조(財務構造)의 강화를 기할 수 있다는 점에서 정책적(政策的) 차원(次元)에서 적극 검토할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2007

퍼지이론은 생명정보공학에서 지식을 표현하는데 활용되고 제어시스템 모델을 이해하는데 활용되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 생명정보학의 응용 프로그램에서 중요한 데이터 분류에 초점을 맞추었다. 최적의 임계값 유도를 위한 GPCR 분류에서 기존의 순차기반 임계값 제어기법은 임계값 결정범위와 최적의 임계값 유도 시간의 문제점을 보였고, 이진기반 임계값 제어기법은 임계값 결정 초기에 시스템의 안정성에 대한 단점이 있었다. 이를 보완하기 위해 우리는 ART1 군집화를 위한 퍼지기반 임계값제어기법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위해 ART1 군집화를 위한 퍼지기반 임계값 제어기법을 구현하여 기존의 순차기반 임계값 제어기법과 이진기반 임계값 제어기법과의 인식률에 대한 구동시간의 변화, 임계값의 변화에 따른 시스템의 구동시간을 측정하였다. 퍼지기반 임계값제어 기법은 GPCR 데이터 분류에서 인식률과 구동시간에 대한 정보를 통해 분류 임계값을 조정하여 높은 인식률과 낮은 구동시간을 지속적으로 유도하여 안정적이고 효과적인 분류 시스템을 만들 수 있었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.586-591
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• 2000

알반적으로 CPT에 재현되는 칼라영상은 수상기의 특성이나 외부광원에 의하여 영향을 받으며 CPT에 재현되는 부정확한 칼라의 조정은 주어진 영상의 색 왜곡을 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 일상적인 광원 환경아래 시청자들의 측면에서 CPT에 재현되는 색의 모델링을 위한 색 조정 방법을 기술하였다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 광원의 세기에 따른 감마 보정 상태에서의 휘도 보상 방법, 광원의 종류에 따른 색상 및 색농도 보상 방법 및 기준색 설정을 위한 특정색 조정 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법에 근거하여 광원의 반사성분의 영향과 CPT의 감마변환 및 최적의 색 설정을 위한 기준 장면 조정시 발생될 수 있는 색 오차를 감소시키는 색 보상 시스템 구현 방법을 제안하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2007

This paper deals with the problem of scheduling jobs and rate-modifying activities on parallel machines. A rate-modifying activity is an activity that changes the production rate of equipment such as maintenance and readjustment. If a job is scheduled after the rate-modifying activity, then the processing time varies depending on the modifying rate of the activity. In this study, we extend the single machine problem to parallel machines problem and propose algorithms is to schedule the rate-modifying activities and jobs to minimize the makespan on parallel machines which is NP-hard. We propose a branch and bound algorithm with three lower bounds to solve medium size problems optimally. Also we develop three heuristics, Modified Longest Processing Time, Modified MULTIFIT and Modified COMBINE algorithms to solve large size problems. The test results show that branch and bound algorithm finds the optimal solution in a reasonable time for medium size problems (up to 15 jobs and 5 machines). For large size problem, Modified COMBINE and Modified MULTIFIT algorithms outperform Modified LPT algorithm in terms of solution quality.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.97-127
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• 1991

본고(本稿)의 목적(目的)은 지난 1980년대의 주요산업정책(主要産業政策) 결정과정(決定過程)에서 나타난 경쟁정책(競爭政策)의 역할(役割)과 역할한계(役割限界)의 원인(原因)을 고찰함에 있다. 1980년대의 주요산업정책 결정인 1986년의 공업발전법제정(工業發展法制定), 1986~87년 기간중 동법(同法)에 근거한 합리화업종지정(合理化業種指定), 그리고 1986~88년 기간중 조세감면규제법(租稅減免規制法)에 근거한 부실기업정리(不實企業整理)의 세 과정에서 경쟁정책(競爭政策)은 극히 제한된 역할밖에 하지 못하였다. 경쟁정책(競爭政策)의 역할한계(役割限界)의 원인(原因)에 대하여 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 정책집행론(政策執行論)의 다섯가지 가설(假說) - 법령상(法令上)의 문제(問題), 자원부족(資源不足), 직무태도(職務態度) 및 동기상(動機上)의 문제(問題), 전문성(專門性) 부족(不足), 그리고 불리(不利)한 정책집행환경(政策執行環境) - 을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 분석결과(分析結果), 경쟁정책(競爭政策) 담당기관(擔當機關)의 제한(制限)된 전문성(專門性)과 경쟁정책(競爭政策)의 효율적인 집행을 저해하는 정책환경상(政策環境上)의 요인(要因)이 가장 의미 있는 변수로 나타났다. 이러한 경쟁정책(競爭政策)의 역할한계(役割限界)의 원인(原因)에 대한 분석(分析)을 토대로, 본고(本稿)는 현재 논의가 진행중인 우리나라 공정거래제도(公正去來制度)의 제도개선방안(制度改善方案)을 평가(評價)한 후, 불리(不利)한 정책집행환경(政策執行環境)의 개선(改善)을 위한 제도적(制度的) 조치(措置)와 전문성제고(專門性提高)를 위한 경제기획원(經濟企劃院)의 순환보직제도(循環補職制度)의 합리적(合理的) 조정방안(調整方案) 및 공정거래위원회(公正去來委員會)의 내부조직(內部組織) 개편방안(改編方案)을 제시(提示)하였다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제6호
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• pp.1-46
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• 2003

During the ancient times, there was no separative judicial system and administrative , legislative and judiciary functions were ultimately concentrated in the all-powerful monarch. And the three states developed state organization , adopting hieratical structures and placing at the pinnacle . State Codes were promulgated to initiate a legal system to rule the people, these codes instituted under influence of China codes. The people tradition sees crime control as the preservation of the authority of hereditary rulers. In the period of the Koryeo dynasty, government accepted a serious of detailed penal code from Tang dynasty . Legal response to crime stressed preservation of the dynasty rather than making citizen behave according to certain rules. In the period of Early Joseon , the compilation of Grand Code for state administration was initiated, the Kyeongkuk Taejeon ,became comer stone of the dynastic administration and provided the monarchial system with a sort of constitutional law in written form. This national code was in portant means of criminal policy at that time, Late Joseon , the impact of Western culture entering through China gave further impetus to pragmatic studies which called for socio-economic reforms and readjustment. Approach to criminal justice policy emphasized more equitable operation of the criminal justice system ,rehabilitation and crime control. Korea-Japanese Treaty concluded on 22 August ,1910 and proclaim a week later ,Japan gave the coup de grace to the Korea Empire and changed the office of the Resident - General into the Government - General . Thus korean criminal policy were lost during a dark ages ,which lasted for 36 years after fall of Joseon Dynasty (the colnial period,1910${\sim}$1945). After 1945 Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule, the occupation of devided Korea by the United States and Soviet Union frustrated the efforts of Koreans to establish an independent government, and the transplantation of two conflicting political ideologies to south and the north of the 38th parallel further intensified the national split. U.S. military government office occupied the south of the 38 the parallel and placed emphasis on democracy of criminal policy. ln 1948, the U.S. military government handed over to the ROK government its administrative authority.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1999년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.145-167
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• 1999

Our self-sufficiency of food has become less than $30{\%}$ and our nation is highly dependant on world's grain market for food. which is unstable in long term due to the world population growth faster than food production. Therefore, it is a great possibility that food might become a political weapon by way of its global shortage. its purchasing difficulty in international free trade market. and the resultant price rising. Our maximal capability of food production has become the most outstanding problem in the dimension of future food security. It would be the utmost scheme for maximal production of food to realize the maximal utilization of arable land through the enlargement of sufficient farming land and the conversion of rotation system for the more grain production. Extensional enlargement of arable land can be positively executed through the development of farming land in domestic and abroad countries. The readjustment of arable land and the installation or irrigation and drainage system can enforce the farming basement for maximal utilization of arable land through the improved rotation between paddy and upland. The prevention policy against farming land encroachment should be strictly executed through grain production encouragement on resting or marginal lands and regulation of utilization conversion for the other than food production on high grade farming lands. It is also required urgently to develope high yielding and high quality varieties through advanced genetic technology for the improvement of unit area yield, especially of wheat, corn. and soybean we import in large quantity The maximal utilization of arable land for the highest production of food can be realized through rational rotation system, the most adaptable crop cultivation on the suitable land, and the most optimal fertilization through the GIS analysis of agricultural environment information on the basis of the computerized soil resource data on super detailed soil maps(1:5000) surveyed plot by plot of whole nation.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.72-82
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• 1983

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data necessary for the effective performance of administrative readjustment and demend and suppley medical care service by of analysing the extent of satisfaction of outpatient toward hospital. The subjects of this study are the 832 outpatients (398 male and 434 female) visit to 2 different university hospital in Seoul. The data were collected through self-administered techniques with a structured questionnaire from Oct.21 to Nov. 9, 1982. All the collected data were analyzed by means of percentage, mean and standard deviation. The results were as follows: 1. Those who are between :30 and 39 of age constitute the largest part of them as being 31.7 percent of the whole body. 40.0 percent of them graduated from the college and they take the lergest part of those who answered the questionnaire. 43.3 percent of the patients visit to the hospital by the reason for the reputation of a doctor and they take the largest part of the subjects. 2. The extent of satisfaction for hospital system. The mean extent of satisfaction for hospital system was revealed 2.50 scores, which is evaluated to neutral. The mean extent of satisfaction for waiting time of prescribed medicine presented 1.51 scores, the lowest among the component of hospital system, which is evaluated to high dissatisfaction. 3. The extent of satisfaction for the environment and facilities of hospital. The mean extent of satisfaction for the environment and facilities of hospital was revealed 3.08 scores, which is evaluated to moderate satisfaction. 4. The extent of satisfaction for doctor and other hospital employees. The mean extent of satisfaction for doctor and other hospital employees was revealed 3.05 scores which is evaluated to moderate satisfaction. The mean extent of satisfaction for doctor presented 3.39 scores, the highest among the components of doctor and other hospital employees. 5. The extent of satisfaction for charge of hospital. The mean extent of satisfaction for charge of hospital was revealed 2.74 scores, which is evaluated to neutral. 6. The extent of whole satisfaction for hospital. The mean extent of whole satisfaction for hospital was revealed 2.84 scores which is evaluated to neutral.

• 농촌계획
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the present condition of the landscape plans(LPs) established in the Rural Village Development Projects(RVDPs) and to propose the ways to improve the LP. Toward this end, the legal system related to rural landscape and the RVDP were examined. Also, the current condition of the LPs was diagnosed through making researches on the RVDP and LP of the 10 regions. The results of examining the legal system showed that the suitable types of the LPs is 'the Specific Landscape Plan' in Rural Area. Of the development projects that have been in operation, RVDP was found to have been equipped with the system. Because the LPs can be established and the contents of formation and readjustment of rural landscape elements were broadly dealt with in RVDP. And the RVDPs consisted mostly of scenery facilities, rural village sightseeing, and income-growth. The results of examining the plan establishment procedures showed that the LPs were set up as subordinate plans of the RVDP, so structural problems such as the positions of the plans, inadequacy in the procedures of approval and collecting opinions were identified. Such problems were pointed out as the cause of the LP to deal with the contents of the basic designs of the RVDP. The schemes to resolve the problems are to give equal positions to the LPs and to the basic plans of the RVDP. When the results of this study are reflected on the policies, the LP will effectively carry out the functions of formation and management of continued scenery preservation of rural villages.