• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.479-484
• /
• 2006

Removal of elemental mercury $(Hg^0)$ with the reactive species produced from dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was studied. We investigated the effect of operating parameters such as the applied voltage, residence time, initial concentration and co-existence of other pollutants. The removal of $(Hg^0)$ was significantly promoted by an increase in the applied voltage of the DBD reactor system. It is important to note that at the same input power, the removal efficiency of $(Hg^0)$ was much higher than that of NO gas. These results imply that if the DBD system is used as a NOx treatment facility, it is capable of removing $(Hg^0)$ simultaneously with NOx.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제32권12호
• /
• pp.4258-4264
• /
• 2011

The total mercury concentration ($Hg_T$) of surface snow samples collected along a ~1500 km transect in east Queen Maud Land was determined using inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry to address the behavior of Hg on the Antarctic Plateau. Due to the volatile nature of mercury, measures were taken against Hg loss from standard solutions by choosing appropriate container material and stabilizing agents. Glass bottles with Teflon-lined caps were superior to Teflon and polyethylene containers in protecting against Hg loss, but addition of gold chloride ($AuCl_3$) or bromine chloride (BrCl) was necessary to ensure preservation of Hg. As Hg loss was also observed in snowmelt samples, our analysis may underestimate the actual amount of HgT in the snow. Even so, the measured HgT was still very low (< 0.4-10.8 pg $g^{-1}$, n = 44) without a signal of depositional enhancement accompanying photo-oxidation of atmospheric elemental mercury in austral midsummer. Moreover, the dynamic variation along the traverse implies spatial and temporal heterogeneity in its source processes.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.693-703
• /
• 2008

The important source of the mercury in water-column is the influx of atmosphere mercury, via dry and wet deposition. In this study, wet deposition of mercury was estimated to be $14.56{\mu}g/m^2$ during 15 months at the Lake Soyang, which is a little higher than those observed in the several rural US Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) sites with similar precipitation depth. The mercury concentration in precipitation did not show a positive correlation with atmospheric RGM (reactive gaseous mercury) concentration, while maintaining good correlation with atmospheric $PM_{2.5}$ at Soyang Dam. This result suggests that the contribution of particulate Hg to the total Hg wet deposition should be more significant than that of RGM. In this study, both precipitation depth and precipitation type affected the amount of wet deposition and the concurrent mercury levels in precipitation. There was generally an inverse relationship between precipitation depth and Hg concentration in precipitation. Precipitation type was another factor that exerted controls on the Hg concentration in precipitation. As a result, the highest concentration of Hg was observed in snow, followed by in mixture (snow+rain) and in rain.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.179-189
• /
• 2006

Ambient gas phase mercury concentrations including elemental mercury ($Hg^0$) were measured at the Potsdam, Stockton, and Sterling sites in NY from 2000 to 2003. Also, concentrations of ambient reactive gaseous mercury (RGM; $Hg^{2+}$) were measured at the Potsdam site during one year. The contribution of RGM($4.2{\pm}6.4pg/m^3$) was about $0.2{\sim}3%$ of the total gas phase mercury concentration measured (TGM: $1.84{\pm}1.24,\;1.83{\pm}0.32,\;3.02{\pm}2.14ng/m^3$ in Potsdam. Stockton, and Sterling, respectively) at the receptor sites. Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF), a hybrid receptor modeling incorporating backward trajectories was performed to identify source areas of TGM. Using PSCF, southern New York, North Carolina, and eastern Massachusetts were identified as important source areas in the United States, while the copper smelters and waste incinerators located in eastern Quebec and Ontario were determined to be significant sources in Canada. The Atlantic Ocean was suggested to be a possible mercury source. PSCF incorporating back-dispersion and deposition was applied for RGM , as well as PSCF based on 2-days back-trajectories. Two different approaches yielded considerably different results, primarily due to the consideration of dispersion rather than deposition. Using back-trajectory based PSCF, eastern Ohio, southern New York, and southern Pennsylvania where large coal -fired power plants area located were identified as the large sources in US. Metallurgical industry located in eastern Quebec was resolved as well. From the result of back-dispersion and deposition based PSCF, Pennsylvania, mining facilities around Lake Superior, Toronto, Boston, MA, Quebec, and coal power plants in NY were identified to be the significant source areas for Potsdam site.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.146-155
• /
• 2016

Spatial and temporal variations of mercury, including dry and wet deposition fluxes, were assessed over Northeast Asia, targeting the Yellow Sea, using meteorology and chemistry models. Four modeling periods, each representative of one of the four seasons, were selected. Modeling results captured general patterns and behaviors, and fell within similar ranges with respect to observations. However, temporal variations of mercury were not closely matched, possibly owing to the effects of localized emissions. Modeling results indicated that dry deposition is correlated with wind speed, while wet deposition is correlated with precipitation amount. Overall, the wet deposition flux of $66ng/m^2-day$ was about twice as large as the dry deposition flux of $32ng/m^2-day$, when averaged over the four modeling periods. Dry deposition occurred predominantly in the form of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM). In contrast, RGM accounted for only about two-thirds of wet deposition, while particulate mercury accounted for the remainder.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.382-391
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서 2006년 3월부터 2008년 11월까지 측정한 총 가스상 수은(TGM)과 가스상 산화수은(RGM)의 농도는 각각 2.10 ${\pm}$ 1.50 ng/$m^3$, 3.00 ${\pm}$ 3.14 pg/$m^3$으로 나타났다. RGM 농도는 밤보다 낮 시간에 월등히 높은 농도를 보였으며 이는 낮에 고농도로 존재하는 오존 등 산화제에 의한 광화학 반응으로 인하여 가스상 산화수은이 생성되는 것으로 설명할 수 있다. 한편 안개 발생 횟수가 많은 춘천에서는 가스상 산화수은 농도와 오존농도가 특히 안개일에 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다. 이는 액적 상태일 때, 금속수은($Hg^0$)의 산화반응에서 오존이 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 총 가스상 수은은 대표적인 장거리 이동 오염물질인 CO 및 $PM_{10}$과는 상관관계를 보이는 반면, 국지 오염물질인 $NO_2$와는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 수은의 주요 발생원이 산업시설에서의 화석연료의 연소라는 것을 고려할 때, 산업시설이 부재한 춘천에서는 총 가스상 수은의 농도가 지역 오염원에 의해서는 크게 영향을 받지 않는다는 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 총 가스상 수은의 고농도와 저농도를 대표하는 시료의 역궤적을 계산한 결과, 춘천의 총 가스상 수은 농도에 영향을 주는 지역은 선양, 베이징을 포함한 중국의 산업지역이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.