• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.403-408
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• 2003

A newly isolated Rhodopseudomonas palustris P4 could decolorize various synthetic dyes containing different chromogenic groups such as azo linkage (Crocein Orange G, New Coccine, Chromotrope FB, Congo Red, Remazol Black B), anthraquinone Reactive blue 2, or indigo Indigo Carmine. Among them, the degradation rate of Black B was studied in detial. Degradation of Black B followed the Arrhenius equation in 25 - $40^{\circ}C$ with an activation energy of 7.79 kcal/mol. Optimum pH was 8. Glucose in the range of 5 - 50g/l did not affect the Black B decolorization. When Black B increased from 25 mg/l to 2000 mg/l, decolorization activity increased almost linearly but the extent of decolorization was constant at about 86% irrespective of dye concentration. Analyses by HPLC revealed that the Black B molecules were partially degraded and some chromogenic intermediates were produced. These results indicate that Rps. palustris P4 has an outstanding capability to degrade various dyes.

• 폴리머
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2013

이색성 염료인 콩고레드, 다이렉트블랙 22 및 다이렉트블랙 4를 염화시아눌산과 반응시켜 3,5-이염화-2,4,6-트리아진 잔기를 갖는 반응성 이색성 염료를 합성하였다. 합성한 반응성 이색성 염료를 폴리(비닐 알코올)(PVA) 필름에 염착시키고 400% 일축 연신시켜 편광필름을 제조한 후 투과도 및 편광효율을 측정하였다. 비교를 위하여 요오드를 PVA 필름에 염착시키고 400% 연신시켜 편광필름을 제조하여 투과도 및 편광효율을 측정하였다. 내구성 실험을 $50^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 85% 상대 습도의 조건으로 120시간 동안 진행하였다. 결론적으로, 요오드 염착 PVA 편광필름과 비교하여 반응성 이색성 염료 염착 PVA 편광필름의 경우 내구성이 크게 증진되었음을 알 수 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2017

BACKGROUN/OBJECTIVES: Although studies have revealed that black garlic is a potent antioxidant, its antioxidant mechanism remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine black garlic's antioxidant activities and possible antioxidant mechanisms related to nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2 (Nrf2)-Keap1 complex. METHODS/MATERIALS: After four weeks of feeding rats with a normal fat diet (NF), a high-fat diet (HF), a high-fat diet with 0.5% black garlic extract (HF+BGE 0.5), a high-fat diet with 1.0% black garlic extract (HF+BGE 1.0), or a high-fat diet with 1.5% black garlic extract (HF+BGE 1.5), plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin,homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. As oxidative stress indices, plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-isoprostaglandin $F2{\alpha}$ (8-iso-PGF) were determined. To measure antioxidant capacities, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and activities of antioxidant enzymes in plasma and liver were determined. The mRNA expression levels of antioxidant related proteins such as Nrf2, NAD(P)H: quinone-oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 (GSTA2) were examined. RESULTS: Plasma glucose level, plasma insulin level, and HOMA-IR in black garlic supplemented groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those in the HF group without dose-dependent effect. Plasma TBARS concentration and TAC in the HF+BGE 1.5 group were significantly decreased compared to those of the HF group. The activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the HF+BGE 1.0 and HF+BGE 1.5 groups compared to those of the HF group. The mRNA expression levels of hepatic Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, and GSTA2 were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the HF with BGE groups compared to those in the HF group. CONCLUSIONS: The improvements of blood glucose homeostasis and antioxidant systems in rats fed with black garlic extract were related to mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 related genes.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2010

불균일 촉매 CuO를 이용한 반응성 아조계 염료 Reactive Black 5(RB5) 폐수의 촉매습식산화에서 반응온도($190{\sim}230^{\circ}C$) 및 촉매농도(0.00~0.20 g/l)가 폐수의 색도 및 총 유기탄소 TOC 제거에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 폐수의 색도는 분광광도계를 사용하여 측정하였고, 습식산화속도는 TOC를 이용하여 산출하였다. 열분해 조건($230^{\circ}C$, 120 min)에서 폐수의 색도는 약 90%까지 제거되었지만 TOC는 제거되지 않았다. RB5 폐수 촉매 습식산화에서의 폐수의 색도 및 TOC 제거속도는 반응온도 및 촉매농도를 증가시킴에 따라 증가하였다. 촉매의 영향은 0.01 g CuO/l에서 이미 상당히 크게 나타났으며 0.05 g CuO/l 이상에서의 촉매농도 증가에 따른 효과는 작았다. 폐수 색도의 초기변화는 색도에 대한 1차 반응속도론으로 나타낼 수 있었으며, TOC 변화는 폐수 TOC를 쉽게 산화되는 TOC와 난분해성 TOC 로 구분한 global 모델로 묘사할 수 있었다. 반응온도의 폐수 색도 및 TOC 제거속도에 미치는 영향은 Arrhenius 상관관계식으로 묘사할 수 있었다. RB5 폐수의 열분해, 습식산화 및 0.20 g CuO/l의 촉매농도를 사용한 촉매습식산화 조건에서의 색도 제거반응의 활성화에너지는 각각 108.4, 78.3 및 74.1 kJ/mol의 값을 나타내었다. RB5 폐수 촉매습식산화에서의 TOC 제거반응에서 산화 최종산물로의 전환에 대한 난분해성 중간산물로의 전환 비는 페놀 습식산화에 비하여 상대적으로 높았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.662-668
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• 2010

본 연구는 흑마늘을 함유한 화장품 시료에 대해 in vitro에서 tyrosinase 및 elastase 저해 활성과 hairless 마우스를 이용해 in vivo에서의 산화스트레스에 대한 항산화 효능을 평가하였다. 그 결과 흑마늘 화장품은 대조 화장품에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 피부 투과율을 나타내었으며(p<0.05, p<0.01) 흑마늘 화장품은 대조 화장품에 비해 유의적으로 높은 tyrosinase(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001)와 elasetase(p<0.01) 활성 억제능을 나타내었다. 또한 UVB로 증가된 피부조직내 지질 과산화물과 과산화수소의 생성에 대해 대조 화장품에 비해 흑마늘 화장품은 더 높은 억제 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 흑마늘이 기능성화장품 소재로의 가능성이 큼을 시사한다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2010

The study describes the results of batch experiments on the removal of Reactive Yellow 15 (RY15) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) from synthetic textile wastewater onto Activated Carbon from Walnut shell (ACW). The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlish, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models of adsorption. The experiments were carried out as function of initial concentrations, pH, temperature (303-333), adsorbent dose and kinetics. The surface area and pore volumes of adsorbent were measured by BET and BJH methods. The findings confirm the surface area (BET) is 248.99 $m^2/g$. The data fitted well with the Temkin and D-R isotherms for RY15 and RB5, respectively. The most favorable adsorption occurred in acidic pH. Pseudo-second order kinetic model were best in agreement with adsorption of RY15 and RB5 on ACW. The results indicate that walnut shell could be an alternative to more costly adsorbent currently being used for dyes removal.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.2077-2083
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• 2000

산업 현장에서 많이 사용되고 있는 반응성 염료인 remazol $black_5$를 연구 대상물로 선택하여 촉매습식 산화공법으로 처리하였다. 이때 반응성 염료성분의 분해효율, 촉매 첨가량 및 반응온도와 상호 관련하여 검토한 결과를 정리하였다. 이산화티탄 담체에 백금을 5.0wt% 담지한 촉매 1.5g/L, 6기압, $200^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 remazol $black_5$는 약 95% 이상 분해되었다. 반응온도 $250^{\circ}C$에서 240분 촉매산화를 하였을 때 uv 흡광 잔존율은 4%이고 반응온도가 $250^{\circ}C$, 120분 경과 후 색도 제거율은 약 95% 이상이었다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.654-664
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• 2017

The temperature profiles upon high speed impact of reactive structural materials were analyzed. A two color pyrometer, which included high-speed camera, spectral splitter, and band pass filters, was utilized to measure transient temperature profiles during and after reactive metal samples impacted into steel plate with velocities of 1600~1700 m/s. The spatial temperature distribution was analyzed from the ratio of spectral radiances at two different wavelength in infrared zone, i.e. 700 and 900 nm. The measured temperatures were calibrated with black body source. Two different types of metal samples, namely aluminum and nickel, were employed to understand reaction behavior upon the impact of samples in ambient condition. According to our experiments, the Ni sample appeared to barely react with ambient air producing an instant small fireball, while Al sample reacts violently with air generating a relatively prolong fireball.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2003

A low-cost, large area, random, maskless texturing scheme independent of crystal orientation is expected to have significant impact on terrestrial photovoltaic technology. We investigated silicon surface microstructures formed by reactive ion etching (R IE) in Multi-Hollow cathode system. Desirable texturing effect has been achieved when radio-frequency (rf) power of about 20 Watt per one hollow cathode glow is applied for our RF Multi -Hollow cathode system. The black silicon etched surface shows almost zero reflectance in the visible region as well as in near IR region. The etched silicon surface is covered by columnar microstructures with diameters from 50 to 100 nm and depth of about 500 nm. We have successfully achieved 11.7 % efficiency of mono-crystalline silicon solar cell and 10.2 % for multi-crystalline silicon solar cell.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2011

This study was performed to examine the quality and antioxidant activity of pork ham with various levels of black garlic extracts. Pork ham manufactured from black garlic extracts with 15 brix (1% (H1), 1.5% (H2), 2% (H3)) and 30 brix (0.2% (H4), 0.5% (H5), 1% (H6) were stored for 28 days at $8{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and analyzed with an interval of 7 days. In the sensory evaluation, the garlic odor was increased as the garlic extract adding level larger, whereas color, flavor, juiciness, texture and acceptability were not showed significant differences. The pH values of pork products were increased as the level of black garlic extracts increased. The shear force value of groups (H4~H6) with the addition of 30 brix extracts addition were significantly higher than those groups with 15 brix extracts addition (H1~H3) throughout the storage period. Furthermore, the TBARS (thiobarbutric acid reactive substance) content of the pork ham containing various levels of black garlic extract were lower than that of the control group as storage period increased. Thus, black garlic extracts have a potential application for the pork products to inhibit of lipid oxidation.