• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.13A no.6 s.103
• /
• pp.481-488
• /
• 2006

FRP(Functional Reactive Programming) is a kind of embedded language in Haskell, it declaratively program reactive system based on two essential high-order types named behavior and events. This Paper design and implementation RT-FRP(Real-time Functional Reactive Programming) translator for using FRP in embedded systems with many constraints. The RT-FRP translator generates a C Program from an RT-FRP program according to the operational semantics of the RT-FRP language. To show the effectiveness of the RT-FRP translator, we loaded and executed the test program generated by the translator onto a real embedded system, LEGO Mindstorm. According to the experimental result, the reactive system software can be programmed more concisely using RT-FRP than using an imperative counter part although the size of the binary code is rather increased.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.370-377
• /
• 2010

An Intelligent service robot performs various complex tasks in dynamic environment, providing useful intelligent services for human users. The robot needs to continuously monitor dynamically changing environment and reactively choose the best behavior for the changing context. The selected behaviors may include nondeterministic or parallel actions. In this paper, we present a structured reactive robot programming language, SPRIT that is based on Structured Circuit Semantics (SCS). SPRIT is fully implemented as a task executor and tested for reactive robot tasks in dynamic environment to show that it can be used to explicitly represent and effectively implement the complex reactive behaviors of intelligent robot systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2007.10c
• /
• pp.540-545
• /
• 2007

프로그램 검증은 가능한 모든 경우에 대하여 안정성을 확인하는 작업이다. reactive 프로그램을 외부환경에 대한 정보 없이 검증하면 실제로 가능하지 않은 경우를 오류로 찾을 수도 있다. 본 논문에서는 observer를 이용한 기존의 ESTEREL 프로그램 검증 기법에 외부환경에 대한 가정을 추가하는 방법을 소개하고. 사례연구를 통해 외부환경을 고려하여 검증하는 과정을 보인다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 2017

In this paper, the analysis of the behavior of surface cracks in finite-thickness plates repaired with a Boron/Epoxy composite patch is investigated using three-dimensional finite element methods. The stress intensity factor at the crack-front was used as the fracture criteria. Using the Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL), the stress intensities at the internal and external positions of repaired surface crack were compared. The effects of the mechanical and geometrical properties of the adhesive layer and the composite patch on the variation of the stress intensity factor at the crack-front were examined.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
• /
• v.12A no.1
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 2002

The power transfer capability is determined by the thermal, dynamic stability and voltage limits of the generation and transmission systems. The voltage stability depends on the reactive power limit and it affects the power transfer capability to a great extent. Then, in most load flow analysis, the reactive power limit is assumed as fixed, relatively different from the actual case. This paper proposes a method for determining the power transfer capability from a static voltage stability point of view using the IPLAN which is a high level language used with PSS/E program. The f-V curve for determining the power transfer capability is determined using Repeated Power Flow method. It Is assumed that the loads are constant and the generation powers change according to the merit order. The maximum reactive power limits are considered as varying similarly with the actual case and the effects of the varied maximum reactive power limits to the maximum power transfer capability are analyzed using a 5-bus power system and a 19-bus practical power system.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.207-216
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the communicative intent between Reactive Attachment Disorder(RAD) and Developmental Language Disorder(DLD). The subject of this study were 20 27-51 monthold children(10 RAD Children, 10 DLD children) functioning at similar stage of language development. The communicative intent was investigated vertical and horizontal dimension. Rating of vertical communicative intent was based on the assessment scales devised by Wetherby and Prutting(1984). Horizontal dimension was measured by the assessment guidelines of Wetherby and Prizant(1989). All the data were rated by two rators independantly. 1) In communicative intent, vertical development level of DLD children was more sophiscated than that of RAD children. 2) DLD children expressed more horizontal communicative intent than RAD children. The percentage of the three major categories(behavioral regulation, social interaction, and joint attention) of communicative intent in DLD children was lined up social interaction>joint attention>behavioral regulation. On the contrary, RAD children displayed in order of behavioral regulation>social interaction>joint attention. In addition, DLD children showed diversely as compared with RAD children.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 2011

Carbon black, a particulate form of pure elemental carbon, is an industrial chemical with the high potential of occupational exposure. Although the relationship between exposure to particulate matters (PM) and cardiovascular diseases is well established, the cardiovascular risk of carbon black has not been characterized clearly. In this study, the cytotoxicity of carbon black to vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells were examined to investigate the potential vascular toxicity of carbon black. Carbon black with distinct particle size, N330 (primary size, 28~36 nm) and N990 (250~350 nm) were treated to A-10, rat aortic smooth muscle cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cell line, ECV304, and cell viability was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay. Treatment of carbon black N990 resulted in the significant reduction of viability in A-10 cells at 100 ${\mu}g$/ml, the highest concentration tested, while N330 failed to cause cell death. Cytotoxicity to ECV304 cells was induced only by N330 at higher concentration, 200 ${\mu}g$/ml, suggesting that ECV304 cells were relatively resistant to carbon black. Treatment of 100 ${\mu}g$/ml N990 led to the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detected by dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) in A-10 cells. Pretreatment of antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and sulforaphane restored decreased viability of N990-treated A-10 cells, and N-acetylcysteine, but not sulforaphane, attenuated N990-induced ROS generation in A-10 cells. Taken together, present study shows that carbon black is cytotoxic to vascular cells, and the generation of reactive oxygen contributes to the development of cytotoxicity. ROS scavenging antioxidant could be a potential strategy to attenuate the toxicity induced by carbon black exposure.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.36 no.10
• /
• pp.793-799
• /
• 2009

Esterel is an imperative synchronous language that is well-adopted to specify reactive systems. Programmers sometimes want simple validations that can be applied while the system is under development. Since a reactive system reacts to environment changes, a test data is a sequence of input events. Generating proper test data by hand is complex and error-prone. Although several test data generators exist, they are hard to learn and use. Mostly, system designers need test data to reach a specific status of a target program. In this paper, we develop a test data generator to generate test input sequences for debugging Esterel programs. Our tool is focused on easy usage; users can describe test data properties with simple specifications. We show a case study in which the test data generator is used for a practical development process.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.10D no.1
• /
• pp.33-44
• /
• 2003

XML is the standard for storing and exchanging information in the Web. As the applications of XML become more widespread, the worts on rule-based technology are rapidly going on to support reactive functionality on the XML documents and the XML repositories. Active rules consist of event-condition-action, which automatically perform actions in response to status change of database. Therefore the feature of active rule satisfies the new needs in XML setting. In this paper, we propose not only a XML based active rule language to manage XML document automatically, but also an active rule analysis method to guarantee rule termination. Finally, we demonstrate some examples of active rule defined by the proposed rule language, and also verify the efficiency of our analysis method by comparing with another method.

• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.309-325
• /
• 2023

An innovative inertial reactive armor is being developed through a multi-discipline project. Unlike the well-known explosive or non-explosive reactive armour that uses high-energy explosives or bulging effect, the proposed inertial reactive armour uses active disc elements that is set to rotate rapidly upon impact to effectively deflect and disrupt shaped charges and kinetic energy penetrators. The effectiveness of the proposed armour highly depends on the tangential velocity of the impact point on the rotating disc. However,for a single layer armour with an array of high-speed rotating discs, the tangential velocity is relatively low near the center of the disc and is not available between the gap of the discs. Therefore, it is necessary to configure the armor with double layers to increase the tangential velocity at the point of impact. This paper explores a multi-objective geometry design optimization for the double-layered armor using Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm and integration tools of the python programming language. The optimization objectives include maximizing both average tangential velocity and high tangential velocity areas and minimizing low tangential velocity area. The design parameters include the relative position (translation and rotation) of the disc element between two armor layers. The optimized design results in a significant increase of the average tangential velocity (38%), increase of the high tangential velocity area (71.3%), and decrease of the low tangential velocity area (86.2%) as comparing to the single layer armor.