• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2002

Tencel fabric cationized with chitosan can be effectively dyed with anionic dyes. To investigate the change of dyeing properties of cationized Tencel fabric, some experiments were performed under the several dyeing conditions with acid and reactive dyes. Whiteness index decreased with the increment of crosslinking agent concentration. The cationized Tencel fabric was dyed well by anionic dye such as acid dye, the dyeability of reactive dye was improved by addition of a little salt without alkali. The dye fixation on the cationized Tencel fabric was increased with chitosan concentration without electrolyte and alkali. The dyeability of Tencel treated with chitosan was better than controlled Tencel, especially under the acidic conditions. According to the number and the types of functional group of reactive dyes, dye affinity of the modified Tencel fabric varied and wash fastness of acid dye was better than reactive dye.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.46-53
• /
• 1994

Polymer cationic agent was prepared by the initial polymerisation of epichlorohydrin followed by amination with diethylamine. Cotton fibre treated with the polymer (6~8% o.w.f.) is highly cationic and exhibit increased substantivity for reactive dyes under neutral to weakly acid conditions. The modified substrate could be dyed with reactive dyes without salt or a little salt from dye bath. The increased concentration of cationic agents resulted in an increase the colour yield. Futhermore, treated cotton has an electropositive surface charge. Adsorption of Reactive dye can be attributed to both van der waals force and electrostatic attraction.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.322-330
• /
• 2003

The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis has recently attracted great inter-est due to its large amounts of ketocarotenoid astaxanthin, 3,3'-dihydroxy-${\beta}$,${\beta}$-carotene-4,4'-dione, widely used commercially as a source of pigment for aquaculture. In the life cycle of H. pluvialis, astaxanthin biosynthesis is associated with a remarkable morphological change from green motile vegetative cells into red immotile cyst cells as the resting stage. In recent years we have studied this morphological process from two aspects: defining conditions governing astaxanthin biosynthesis and questioning the possible function of astaxanthin in protecting algal cells against environmental stress. Astaxanthin accumulation in cysts was induced by a variety of environmental conditions of oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species, intense light, drought, high salinity, and high temperature. In the adaptation to stress, abscisic acid induced by reactive oxygen species, would function as a hormone in algal morphogenesis from veget ative to cyst cells. Furthermore, measurements of both in vitro and in vivo antioxidative activities of astaxanthin clearly demonstrated that tolerance to excessive reactive oxygen species is greater in astaxanthin-rich cysts than in astaxanthin-poor cysts or astaxanthin-less vegetative cells. Therefore, reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of both algal morph O-genesis and carotenogenesis, and the accumulated astaxanthin in cysts can function as a protective agent against oxidative stress damage. In this study, the physiological roles of astaxanthin in stress response and cell protection are reviewed.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.317-331
• /
• 2004

Recently software agent has been studied as a new abstraction unit of software engineering. The agent with autonomous, adaptability and cooperation attribute is accepted as a new abstraction unit especially in distributed systems, open systems, and complex systems. However, the progress of agent research has been slow and the realization of agent programming language seems to be far distant. Because the properties of agent are diverse, the opinions of researchers can not converge to one. In this situation, software agent framework is accepted more realistic alternative solution. However the knowledge for its development doesn't have been shared among developers. So they often have to make same errors. We will help sharing of knowledge and experience by using pattern language which has been used in object technology for long times. This paper proposes a reactive agent framework pattern language and validates it based on ATAM［l］ The increase of such indirect experience can reduce the waste of resource by preventing the same try and error. So agent framework developers are able to concentrate on more essential issues. Finally quality of software agent framework will be increased.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.750-756
• /
• 2009

Stable, spherical, polystyrene particles were synthesized in ab initio dispersion polymerization by using the poly(methacrylic acid)[PMAA] macro-RAFT agent. The presence of the PMAA macro-RAFT agent on the polystyrene (PS) particles was confirmed by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The PS particle size was influenced by the concentration of the RAFT agent and monomer due to the initial nucleation. When the concentration of the PMAA macro-RAFT agent was increased from 2 to 10 wt% relative to the monomer, the average particle size decreased from 2.31 to 1.36 ${\mu}m$, the conversion decreased from 93.3 to 88.9%, the weight-average molecular weight increased from 46,300 to 150,200 g $mol^{-1}$ and the PDI decreased from 2.79 to 1.94, respectively. In particular, the incorporation of 10 wt% of PMAA macro-RAFT agent produced monodisperse PS spheres of 1.36 ${\mu}m$ with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 6.44%. Thus, the PMAA macro-RAFT agent worked as a reactive steric stabilizer providing monodisperse, micron-sized, PS particles.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 1991

Chlorotrimethylsilane reacts with chromic anhydride to form a very reactive neutral chromium (Ⅵ) oxidizing agent. The active oxidizing species is not trimethylsilyl chlorochromate as was previously reported but chromyl chloride generated in equilibrium concentration. This oxidizing agent was proved very suitable for benzylic oxidations of toluenes and alkylbenzenes to benzaldehydes and aralkyl ketones. Dichlorodimethylsilane and trichlormethylsilane also react with chromic anhydride to form chromyl chloride in an equilibrium concentration.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 1995

The polyepichlorohydrine(poly(ECH)) was prepared by the condensation polymerization of epichlorohydrine. The cationic agent was prepared from poly(ECH) by amination of poly(ECH) with dimethyleneamine. Pretreatment of cellulosic fabric with the poly(ECH)amine produced a modified fabrics that could be dyed under neutral condition with reactive dye using small amount of the salt. Colour yield of cellulosic fabric were increased by increasing salt concentraction. cationic agent concentration. The optimum condition for colour yield was the concentration of cationic agent 5%(o.w.f), that of NaCl 4g/l, and that of $Na_{2}CO_{3}$5g/l. The dyeing of treated fabrics exhibits improved colour yield and high wash fastness.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2020

Low temperature dyeing properties of wool with reactive dyes and acid dyes were investigated for the feasibility study of their application to hair dyeing. The low temperature(30℃, 40℃) dyeing achieved light depth of shade in wool dyeing and reactive dyeing exhibited relatively higher color strength and chroma values than acid dyeing. Leveling agent slightly improved the levelness of the wool dyeing and the leveling properties of dyed wool at low temperature were good to excellent, irrespective of the dyes applied. Color loss during the repeated shampooing was in the range of 9.6~22.2% for reactive dyes and -7.4~31.5% for acid dyes and in some cases, the color fastness to shampooing was reasonable level. The overall experimental results showed that the application of low temperature wool reactive dyeing to hair dyeing is sufficiently feasible in terms of dyeability and color fastness to shampooing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.260-265
• /
• 2004

Acid mine drainage(AMD) is one of the most serious environmental concerns associated with the mining industry around the world. The objective of this study is to assess the potential of sewage sludge as a carbon source for sulfate reducing bacteria and waste lime and steel slag as a neutralize agent for acid mine drainage bioremediation for use in permeable reactive materials. The study was performed using synthetic AMD in six column experiments. The effluent solution was systematically analysed throughout the experiments. The results of the study indicated that sewage sludge, waste lime and steel slag were the most effective for the AMD treatment as a permeable reactive materials.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.2342-2345
• /
• 2005

Robot control system considers various requirements. Firstly, it needs adaptation for unpredictable and dynamic environment. Secondly, it needs way to make do not injurious action to human because live with a person. Thirdly, it needs processing about aim of robots. In this paper proposed that these requirements effective robot control architecture. Robot control architecture can divide Deliberative, Reactive, Hybrid. Recently, robot control architecture that come Deliberative and use hybrid architecture that apply advantage of Reactive architecture is studied much. Hybrid control purpose to combine the real-time response of Reactive with the rationality of Deliberative. Our purpose is enhancement of hybrid architecture that is studied in these days. Proposed architecture that applied human's nervous system can reduce relativity between each module of existent architecture and drive response speed guarantee and safe robot action.