• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2004

반응 및 비반응 유동장에서 단일와동의 전개 및 와(渦) 구조 검토를 위해 2 차원 직접 수치모사를 수행하였다. 수치기법으로는 낮은 마하수 근사법이 적용된 예측-교정자법이 적용되었으며, 연소모텔로는 2단계 총괄 반응식이 사용되었다. 반응 및 비반응 유동장에서 단일와동의 거동 비교를 통해, 와동의 전개특성 및 구조는 화학반응으로부터 생성된 열 뿐만 아니라 부력에 의해 생성된 외부 와동에 크게 영향을 받음을 확인하였다. 또한 반응장의 경우에 부피 팽창항, Baroclinic torque항 및 부력항에 의해 와동의 구조가 크게 변화될 수 있음을 알았다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.669-677
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• 2009

일반적으로 롤/요 평면상의 nutation 운동이 있는 피치 모멘텀 바이어스 시스템을 정지궤도 위성인 통신위성에서 주로 사용되어 왔으나 본 논문에서는 저궤도 위성의 경우에 대해 최소 휠 개수인 2개 반작용휠로 구성된 피치 모멘텀 바이어스 시스템을 휠 모멘텀 제어방식으로 피치축과 롤축 자세제어를 수행하는 방안을 살펴보았다. PI-제어기를 사용한 휠 모멘텀 제어 방식의 경우 휠 베어링 마찰 등 반작용휠에 가해지는 외란에 대한 강건성 보장을 해석적으로 분석하였으며, 롤축 자세에러 측정치와 요축 모멘텀 선형 제어기 설계를 위한 전달함수를 제시하였고, 시스템에 대한 이해도를 높이고, 외란 영향 및 모멘텀 바이어스 크기 등 필요한 설계 인자 선정을 위해 시스템에 대한 분석을 수행하였다.아울러 요축 모멘텀 PID-제어기를 사용한 모멘텀 바이어스 시스템의 롤/요축 자세제어 설계결과 및 시뮬코타키나발루레이션 결과를 제시하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 1977

This experiment was conducted in order to find out the drawing performance of a two-wheel tractor under different levels of the soil moisture and hardness, so as to obtain some basic data for improving their drawing performance. With fairly homogeneous soil, 5 levels of soil moisture contents (8, 13, 17, 20 and 23%) and 3 levels of soil hardness (0 , 2 and 4kg/$cm^2$) were selected for this experiment.The summerized results are as follows ;1. The draft force, on the hard soil (hardness ; 4kg/$cm^2$), had a distinct tendency to decrease with the increasing soil moisture. On the medium soil (hardness ; 2 kg/$cm^2$), and the soft soil (hardness ; 0kg$cm^2$), the draft force showed the highest when the moisture contents were within the range of 16-19%.But the maximum draft force, on the soft soil, was higher than that on the medium soil by 10 %. 2. The driving axle torque increased with increasing soil by 10 %. 3.The values of horizontal distance between the soil reaction point and axle shaft were within the range of 0~10cm , and it had the tendency to increase with the increasing soil moisture. Also, it s value was the largest on the hard soil and the smallest on the soft soil. 4.The tractive efficiency decreased with the increasing soil moisture. On the hard soil, the average value of tractive efficiency was higher than that on the medium soil by 19.0% and that on the soft soil was lower than that on the medium soil. 5.The traction ratio were within the range of 30 ~45%, and their changing tendency with respect to the soil moisture was similar to that in the case of the draft force. 6. The travel resistance ratio tended to increased with increasing soil moisture, and the highest value was found on the soft soil, and the lowest on the hard soil.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1045-1049
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• 2005

In this paper, the dynamic crawling of a five-bar planar mechanism is investigated. One complete cycle of the crawling selected in this study consists of four different steps, i) sliding at one contact point between the mechanism and the ground, ii) changing its configuration without sliding at two contact points, iii) sliding at the other contact point, and iv) again changing its configuration without sliding at two contact points. In this type of crawling, the crawling mechanism maintains the shape of the parallel structure throughout a complete crawling cycle. The modeling algorithm for serial manipulators proposed by M. Thomas and et al.[1] is employed by introducing imaginary joints and links which represent the contact interfaces between the one end of the mechanism and the ground, while the other end of the mechanism is regarded as an end-effector of the imaginary serial manipulator which treats the reaction force and torque at the contact point as external forces. Then, a complete cycle of dynamic crawling of the mechanism is investigated through various computer simulations. The simulation result show that the stable crawling characteristics of the mechanism could be secured when the proper configurations depending on specified frictional constraints are met.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to identify the appropriate movement for maintaining postural balance during Front Kick and Turning Side Kick motions. To do so, ten Taekwondo athletes: five skilled players(S, body mass: $65.0{\pm}5.8kg$, height: $172.3{\pm}3.7cm$, age: $20.0{\pm}1.2yrs$, career: $9.0{\pm}1.9yrs$) and five less-skilled players(LS, body mass: $67.1{\pm}5.5kg$, height: $173.2{\pm}5.1cm$, age: $19.4{\pm}1.7yrs$, career: $9.6{\pm}1.7yrs$) participated in this study. A three-dimensional motion analysis was performed on the participants using eight infrared cameras and two force plate(sampling frequency of 200 Hz and 2000 Hz for S and LS players, respectively). The participants' motions were divided into: a front-kick phase(P1) and a turning-side-kick phase(P2). For P2(p<.05), the range and root mean square(RMS) of the ground reaction torque and the M-L mean velocity of COP were greater for LS than for S; similarly, for P2(p<.05), the M-L range, A-P range, and velocity of the COP were greater for LS than for S. Further, the M-L range and maximum velocity of the COP was greater for failure than for success(p<.05). The femoral biceps muscle for bending the knee joint was significantly stronger in S than in LS(p<.05). It is expected that these results will be useful in developing a training program for improving the balance and stability of Taekwondo poomsae athletes and improve their front-kick and turning-side-kick motions.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2014

결합제로 열경화성의 hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)을 사용한 고농축 복합화약 시뮬란트의 조성 및 공정조건에 따른 반응성과 유변학적 거동을 연구하였다. 충전제로서 평균입도비가 각각 10:1과 25:1인 bimodal의 탄산칼슘과 설탕을 사용하여 용융혼련기 내에서 최대 75 v%까지 충전하였다. 평판-평판 레오미터를 사용하여 유변물성을 관찰한 바 bimodal 현탁계를 구성할 경우 unimodal 현탁계보다 훨씬 낮은 상대점도 값을 나타내었으며 총 충전제 양 중 작은 입자 분율이 0.25에서 최저 값을 보였다. 경화 온도가 높을수록 경화 개시 및 완료가 빨랐으며 토크가 낮게 유지되었고 경화로 인한 온도 상승 폭이 작았다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2015

This paper describes the development of a chest-wearable robot that can efficiently perform self walking rehabilitation without a helper. The features of the developed robot are divided into three parts. First, as a mechanical characteristic, the conventional elbow crutch is attached at the forearm. However, the proposed robot is attached to the patient's chest, enabling them to feel free to use their hands and eliminate the burden of the arms. Second, as a characteristic of the driving algorithm, pressure sensors attached to the chest automatically perceive the patient's walking intention and move the robot-leg thereafter. Also, for safety, it stops operating when an obstacle is found in front of the patient by using ultrasonic sensors and generates a beeping sound. Finally, by using the scotch yoke mechanism, supporting legs are moved up and down using a rotary servo motor without excessive torque that is generated by large ground reaction forces. We showed that the developed robot can effectively perform self walking rehabilitation through walking experiments, and its performance was verified using Electromyograph (EMG) sensors.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1209-1219
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• 2003

The dynamic behaviors of the single vortex interacting with $CH_4-Air$ jet diffusion flame are investigated numerically. The numerical method is based on a predict-corrector scheme for a low Mach number flow. A two-step global reaction mechanism is adopted as a combustion model. Studies are conducted in fixed initial velocities for the three cases according as where $CO_2$ is added; (1) without dilution, (2) dilution in fuel stream and (3) dilution in oxidizer stream. A single vortex is generated by an axisymmetric jet, which is made by an impulse of a cold fuel when a flame is developed entirely in a computational domain. The simulation shows that $CO_2$ dilution in fuel stream results in somewhat larger vortex radius, and greater amount of entrainment of surrounding fluid than in other cases. Thus, the dilution of $CO_2$ in fuel stream enhances the mixing in single vortex and increases the stretching of the flame surface. The budgets of the vorticity transport equation are examined to reveal the mechanism of vortex formation when $CO_2$ is added. It is found that, in the case of $CO_2$ dilution in fuel stream, the vortex destruction due to volumetric expansion and the vortex production due to baroclinic torque are more dominant than in other cases.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1262-1272
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• 2003

A two-dimensional direct numerical simulation is performed to investigate the dynamic behaviors of a single vortex in counter reacting and non-reacting flow field. A predictor-corrector-type numerical scheme with a low Mach number approximation is used in this simulation. A 16-step augmented reduced mechanism is adopted to treat the chemical reaction. The budget of the vorticity transport equation is examined to reveal a mechanism leading to the formation, destruction and transport of a single vortex according to the direction of vortex generation in reacting and non-reacting flows. The results show that air-side vortex has more larger strength than that of fuel-side vortex in both non-reacting and reacting flows. In reacting flow, the vortex is more dissipated than that in non-reacting flow as the vortex approach the flame. The total circulation in reacting flow, however, is larger than that in non-reacting flow because the convection transport of vorticity becomes much large by the increased velocity near the flame region. It is also found that the stretching and the convection terms mainly generate vorticity in non-reacting and reacting flows. The baroclinic torque term generates vorticity, while the viscous and the volumetric expansion terms attenuate vorticity in reacting flow. Furthermore, the contribution of volumetric expansion term on total circulation for air-side vortex is much larger than that of fuel-side vortex. It is also estimated that the difference of total circulation near stagnation plane according to the direction of vortex generation mainly attributes to the convection term.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.98-129
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how mandibular implant-supported fixed complete prosthesis, implant and mandible responded mechanically, according to curvature of arch, number and location of fixture, and amounts of load. The shape of mandibular arch was tapered or square form and, 4 or 6 fixtures were implanted in each arch model. A vertical load of 10kg was applied at the center of prosthesis and a vertical load of 20kg was applied at the location of the 10mm or 20mm cantilever posterior to the most distal implant. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed for stress distribution and deflection using commercial software(ABAQUS program) for Sun-SPARC Workstation. The results were as follows : 1. The case square arch form was more stable to compare with that of tapered arch form in respect of stress distribution and displacement under vertical load on the center of prosthesis. 2. 6-implants cases were more stable than 4-implants cases for decreasing bending torque under vertical load on the center of prosthesis. 3. Under vertical load on cantilever extension, the case of 10mm long cantilever was more stable than that of 20mm long cantilever in respect of stress distribution and displacement. 4. Under vertical load on cantilever extension, 6-implants cases had a tendency to reduce displacement and to increase the reaction force of supporting point due to increasing of the bending stiffness of the prosthesis than 4-implant case. 5. When the ends of 10mm or 20mm long cantilever were loaded, the most distal implant was under compressive stress but the second most distal implant was under the highest tensile stress and the remaining implants were under varying tensile stress. 6. Because 6-implants cases had smaller displacement than 4-implants cases, 6-implants cases were more favorable in respect of prevention of screw loosening under repeated loadings.