• 공업화학
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.628-634
• /
• 2005

Zirconia-alumina 고분자 전구체가 유기물-무기물 용액 방법으로 zirconium acetylacetonate (ZA), aluminium nitrate (AN), polyethylene glycol (PEG), 그리고 에탄올을 이용하여 제조되었다. 고분자 전구체의 열적 특성 및 점도를 시차주사열용량분석기(DSC), 열중량분석기(TGA), 그리고 동적유변측정기를 이용하여 측정하였다. 부피 팽창을 동반하는 강렬한 발열반응이 $140^{\circ}C$에서 일어났다. 고분자 전구체의 부피팽창은 금속물질중에 유기물의 분해반응과 금속양이온과 PEG 사이의 반응에 의한 것이다. 이들 분해반응과 금속양이온과 PEG 사이의 반응에 대한 여부를 적외선분광기(FT-IR)와 $^{13}C$ solid-NMR 결과로부터 확인하였다. 고분자 전구체의 온도가 증가함에 따라 N-O, O-H, 그리고 C=C에서의 피이크 강도가 감소하였다. 이 결과는 강렬한 발열반응시 금속 물질의 분해반응과 PEG와 금속양이온의 반응이 일어났음을 나타내는 것이다. 다공성 파우더는 $800^{\circ}C$에서 2 h 동안 소결과정을 거쳐 결정성 $ZrO_2-Al_2O_3$ 복합체가 되었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2020

기존 연구에서 본 연구자들은 여러 가지 리튬 함유 용액으로부터 탄산리튬 분말 제조에 대하여 보고하였으며, 이중에서 수산화리튬 용액과 CO₂ 가스와의 반응이 열역학적으로 탄산리튬 생성이 가능하고 89.4 %의 회수율을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 수산화리튬 용액과 CO₂ 가스와 기액반응에 있어서 초음파에너지를 가하여 탄산리튬 분말을 제조하는 실험을 실시하였다. 실온에서 탄산리튬 생성 반응에 초음파를 가하였을 경우에 리튬의 회수율은 83.8 %이었으며, 60℃에서 초음파를 가하면 99.9 %로 회수율이 급격하게 증가되었다. 또한 초음파 에너지를 가하지 않을 경우의 입자 크기는 D50에서 약 87.7 ㎛이었으며, 초음파를 가한 경우에는 D50이 약 8.4 ㎛로 급격하게 감소하는 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.179.1-179.1
• /
• 2011

Pretreatment of cellulosic biomass is necessary before enzymatic saccharification and fermentation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined aqueous ammonia-dilute sulfuric acid treatment on cellulosic biomass. Miscanthus was pretreated using aqueous ammonia and dilute sulfuric acid solution under high temperature and pressure conditions to be converted into bioethanol. Aqueous ammonia treatment was performed with 15 %(w/w) ammonia solution at $150^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature and 20 minutes of reaction time. And then, dilute sulfuric acid treatment was performed with 1.0 %(w/w) sulfuric acid solution at $150^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature and 10 minutes of reaction time. The compositional variations of this combined aqueous ammonia-dilute sulfuric acid treatment resulted in 68.0 % of cellulose recovery and 95.7 % of hemicellulose, 81.3 % of lignin, 89.1 % of ash removal respectively. The enzymatic digestibility of 90.5 % was recorded in the combined pretreated Miscanthus sample and it was 14.7 times higher than the untreated sample. The ethanol yield in the Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation was 90.4 % of maximum theoretical yield based on cellulose content of the combined pretreated sample and it was about 98 % compared to the ${\alpha}$-cellulose ethanol yield.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.227-232
• /
• 2007

The corrosion behavior of carbon steel (N80) in carbon dioxide saturated 1%NaCl solution with and without acetic acid or acetate was investigated by weight-loss test, electrochemical methods (polarization curve, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). The major objective is to make clear that the effect of acetic acid and acetate on the corrosion of carbon steel in $Co_2$ environments. The results indicate that either acetic acid or acetate accelerates cathodic reducing reaction, facilitates dissolution of corrosion products on carbon steel, and so promotes the corrosion rate of carbon steel in carbon dioxide saturated NaCl solution. All Nyquist Plots are consisting of a capacitive loop in high frequency region, an inductive loop in medial frequency region and a capacitive arc in low frequency region. The high frequency capacitive loop, medial frequency inductive loop and low frequency capacitive arc are corresponding to the electron transfer reaction, the formation/adsorption of intermediates and dissolution of corrosion products respectively. All arc of the measured impedance reduced with the increase of the concentration of Ac-, especially HAc. However, the same phenomenon is not notable after reducing pH value by adding HCl. HAc is a stronger proton donor and can be reduced directly by electrochemical reaction firstly. Ac- can't participate in electrochemistry reaction directly, but $Ac^-$ an hydrate easily to create HAc in carbon dioxide saturated environments. HAc is as catalyst in $Co_2$ corrosion. As a result, the corrosion rate was accelerated in the presence of acetate ion even pH value of solution increased.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2017

Poly(urethane acrylate) siloxane oligomers with Interpenetrating polymer netwoked nanoparticles were prepared to synthesize hard coating solution by reaction with diisocyanates. The diisocyanate combined siloxane hard coating solution showed more flexibility than the siloxane solution. In addition, diisocyanate resulted in improvement of curl property and surface hardness in the siloxane solution. Of the used diisocyanates, isophorone diisocyanate and acryloyloxy ethyl diisocyanate were good for UV hard coating solution. This effect will decrease brittleness in the siloxane solution using for plastic display plate.

• 오토저널
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.32-44
• /
• 1983

In case of $K_{Imax}$ < $K_{Iscc}$, the corrosion fatigue of high strength steel in 0.1N $H_{2}$S $O_{4}$ solution and 3.5% salt water is as follows. 1. The fatigue life shortens in order of 3.5% salt water and 0.1N $H_{2}$S $o_{4}$ solution. 2. The fatigue crack growth rate in air is obtained as the following equation. (dc/dN)$_{atr}$=7.23*10$^{-6}$ (.DELTA. K)$^{2.23}$ 3. The corrosion fatigue crack growth rate in environment is divided into three regions, that is, First Region, Second Region and Third Region from the small cyclic stress intensity. 4. The formation rate of the active surface on metal is slower than the mechano-chemical reaction rate in First Region. The crack growth rate depends on time and the cyclic stress intensity and is expressed as the following equation. (dc/dN)$_{I}$=C(/DELTA. K)$^{\delta}$ 5. The formation rate of the active surface is faster than the mechano-chemical reaction rate in Second Region and the synergistic effect by stress and corrosion becomes slow. In case the fatigue load is large, we have the critical crack growth rate which is not related to the cyclic stress intensity. 6. The corrosion crack growth rate by the mechano-chemical reaction is the same in $H_{2}$S $O_{4}$ solution and salt water, so Hydrogen accelerates the crack growth. 7. The environment has no effect on the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate in Third Region. 8. In First Region and Second Region, dimple is observed on the fatigue fracture surface in 0.1N $H_{2}$S $O_{4}$ solution. 9. The striation is observed in any environment as in air in Third Region and its interval approximately coincide with the crack growth rate.ate.e.e.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.75-88
• /
• 1997

The rates of photodegradation, reactivities, and mechanisms of photooxidation for the aqueous solution containing with halogen derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons have been discussed with respect to the kinds of photocatalysts, concentration of photocatalytlc suspensions, strength of radiant power, time of illumination, changes of pH of substrate solution, wavelength of radiation, and pressure of oxygen gas saturated In the solution. These aqueous solutions suspended with 0.5 $gL^{-1}$ $TiO_2$ powder have been photodecomposed in the range of 100 and 93.8% per 1 hour if it is illuminated with wavelength (λ $\geq$ 300nm) produced from Xe-lamp(450W). The photocatalytic abilities have been increased In the order of $Fe_2O_3$ < CdS < $CeO_2$ < Y_2O_3$ <$TiO_2$, and rates of photodegradation for the solution have maldmum values in the condition of pH 6 ~ 8 and 3 psi-$O_2$ gL^{-1}$. These rates for the Photoolddation Per 1 hour were dependent on the size of molecular weight and chemical bonding for organic halogen compounds and the rates of photodegadation were increased in the order of $C_2H_5Br$ < CH_2Br_2$ < C_5H_11Cl C_2H_4Cl_2$ < tracts-$C_2H_2Cl_2$ < cis-C_2H_2Cl_2$ The T_{1/2}$ and t99% for these solutions were 5~21 and 40~90 minutes. respectively, and these values were coincided with Initial reaction kinetics(ro). It was found that reaction of photodegradation has the pseudo first-order kinetics controlled by the amount of $h^+_{VB}$ diffused from a surface of photocatalysts.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.502-509
• /
• 1997

방향족 오염물을 UV산화-고도산화처리기술로 처리할 때, 여러 가지 반응조건에 따른 분해효율에 대해 고찰하였다. 벤젠 50ppm, 에틸벤젠 150ppm, 크실렌 250ppm을 각각 초기농도로하여 UV조사 하에서 시간변화에 따른 분해실험을 행한 결과, 반응 1시간 후 약 95% 이상의 분해율을 나타내었으나, 톨루엔의 경우에는 43%의 분해율을 보였다. 단일성분이 혼합성분에서 보다 분해가 좋았으며, pH변화에서는 벤젠은 pH변화에 관계없이 분해가 잘 되었으며, 에틸벤젠 92%(pH 4.0), 90%(pH 6.4), 91%(pH 10.0), 크실렌 95%(pH 4.0), 90%(pH 6.4), 92%(pH 10.0), 그러나 톨루엔은 80%(pH 4.0), 43%(pH 6.4), 70%(PH 10.0)의 분해율을 나타내었다. 방향족 오염물의 TOC 감소는 에틸벤젠을 제외하고는 유사 1차 반응속도식에 일치하였으며, 이로부터 속도상수를 결정할 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.645-651
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 30, 40, 50 wt% MDEA (N-methyldiethanolamine) 수용액을 이용하여 0~50 bar, $40{\sim}80^{\circ}C$의 조업조건에서 이산화탄소 흡수평형실험을 수행하여 연소전 이산화탄소 포집에 적용 가능한 고압조건에 대한 정보를 알고자 하였다. 또한 MDEA의 반응 속도를 증가시키기 위하여 piperazine 5.0~10.0 wt%를 첨가한 후 이산화탄소 흡수실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 수용액 상 MDEA의 농도, 반응 온도가 증가함에 따라 평형 압력이 증가하였으며 반응온도가 높을수록 흡수속도가 증가하였다. Piperazine을 첨가한 MDEA 수용액은 MDEA 40 wt% 단독 흡수제에 비해 초기 반응에서 2.5배에 가까운 반응속도와 16% 가량 증대된 흡수능을 보였다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.222-228
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 수산화리튬, 염화리튬, 그리고 황산리튬을 이용한 리튬 함유 용액과 $CO_2$ 가스와의 기상-액상 반응을 통하여 탄산리튬 분말을 제조하는 실험을 실시하였다. 열역학적으로 리튬 함유 용액의 탄산화 반응에서 수산화리튬은 자발적으로 일어나지만, 염화리튬과 황산리튬은 비자발적이었다. 수산화리튬의 경우, $25^{\circ}C$의 반응온도에서 탄산리튬의 회수율이 69.8 %였으며, $60^{\circ}C$에서는 89.4 %로 증가하였다. 염화리튬과 황산리튬의 경우, 수산화나트륨을 첨가제로 사용하여 탄산리튬을 제조할 수 있었으나, 회수율은 각각 19.2 %와 16.7 %로 비효율적임을 알 수 있었다.