• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 다대식 가열로내의 산소 농도 변화를 표현하는 모델이 제안되었다. 설계된 모델은 크게 '잔류 가스에 대한 모델'과 '산소에 대한 모델'의 두가지로 구성되었다. 각각의 모델은 산소농의 변동에 관여하는 네가지 요인들올 화학, 유체 이론적 관계식과 퍼지 이론을 이용하여 설계되었다. 고려된 네가지 요인들은 버너에서 의 연소반응, 연소대간의 유체 이동, 가열로 내부로부터 외부로의 유체 흐름 및 출입구를 통한 외부 공기의 유입 등이다. 모의 실헝 결과블 통해 제안된 모델로 계산된 각 연소대내의 산소 농도 변화가 설제 조업시 발생하는 유형과 유시함을 알 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제18권2E호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2006

Waste glass has been increasingly used in industrial applications. One shortcoming in the utilization of waste glass for concrete production is that it can cause the concrete to be weakened and cracked due to its expansion by alkali-silica reaction(ASR). This study analyzed the ASR expansion and strength properties of concrete in terms of waste glass color(amber and emerald-green), and industrial by-products(ground granulated blast-furnace slag, fly ash). Specifically, the role of industrial by-products content in reducing the ASR expansion caused by waste glass was analyzed in detail. In addition, the feasibility of using ground glass for its pozzolanic property was also analyzed. The research result revealed that the pessimum size for waste glass was $2.5{\sim}1.2mm$ regardless of the color of waste glass. Moreover, it was found that the smaller the waste glass is than the size of $2.5{\sim}1.2mm$, the less expansion of ASR was. Additionally, the use of waste glass in combination with industrial by-products had an effect of reducing the expansion and strength loss caused by ASR between the alkali in the cement paste and the silica in the waste glass. Finally, ground glass less than 0.075 mm was deemed to be applicable as a pozzolanic material.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 1990

YBa2Cu3O7-x(=YBCO) single crystals were grown by flux method and the growing process of crystals was investigated. YBCO and 3BaO-7CuO composition powders were mixed by the ratio of 25 : 75(wt%), and the mixtures were melted at 105$0^{\circ}C$ in a electric furnace with no temperature-gradient. Then the melt was cooled at a rate 2-1$0^{\circ}C$/h in the above furnace. YBCO single crystal plate with average size of $1.5\times$2.0$\times$0.1㎣ were obtained in the cavities between crucible and solidified ingot, and the single crystals were oriented to <001> direction. The ingots of flux parts were analyzed by XRD and EDS for the purpose of presuming the growing process of the crystals. It was assumed that the divorced eutectic reaction, by which YBCO crystals were grown first and then BaCuO2 and CuO crystals, occured in the case of cooling rate faster than 2$^{\circ}C$/h. When the cooling rate was 2$^{\circ}C$/h, it was assumed that quasi-equilibrium eutectic reaction occured, so that YBCO, BaCuO2 and CuO crystals were grown at the same time.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2002년도 제24회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.157-162
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• 2002

The characteristics of DeNOx conversion process by plasma/post-heating system with the simulated gas containing ethene is investigated experimentally. Without plasma treatment, $NO-NO_2$ conversion doesn't occur by $400^{\circ}C$ in a mixture of $N_2/O_2$ with a trace gas of ethene. But $NO-NO_2$ conversion occurs as temperature increases above $400^{\circ}C$. The NO can, however, be converted to $NO_2$ at lower temperatures by treating the gas mixture with non-thermal plasma. The $NO-NO_2$ conversion enhances further by passing the plasma treated gas through the post-heating furnace. Results show that 20%${\sim}50%$ more conversion of NO to $NO_2$ is observed when the temperatures of the post-heating furnace are maintained at $300^{\circ}C$ or $400^{\circ}C$. The additional $NO-NO_2$ conversion by post-heating is due to the reaction of ethene with the byproducts or radicals generated from the plasma reaction.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2014

The experimental performance evaluation of a cylindrical steam reformer with various thermal conditions has been conducted. The bottom space of the cylindrical reactor was packed with Ruthenium (Ru) catalyst. A three-segment furnace was installed to create the axially variable boundary temperature distribution. Six K-type thermocouples were inserted into the catalyst layer, and three exhaust ports were fabricated on the side wall along the flow direction. The exhausted gases at each port were analyzed by using gas chromatograph (GC) system. The experimental results showed that the reforming reaction occurs intensively in the upstream region and more hydrogen is obtained when the intake gas is sufficiently heated up through the enhanced steam reforming (SR) reaction. The axially increasing boundary temperature setup provided the maximally accumulated reforming efficiency of 74.8%, when the reactor was placed at the 3rd section of the furnace.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2013년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.196-197
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• 2013

This study is the experiment for manufacturing the Lightweight non-cement matrix based on the Blast furnace slag. And, the matrix was manufactured matrix by generating the bubble just by the reaction of KOH that is the alkali accelerator and paper ash, instead of the general foaming agent, that is the waste managed of incineration the pulp sludge generated in the process of manufacturing the paper. Consequently, the density according to the addition rate of KOH represented the tendency to increase. And it showed up that density of the matrix adding KOH 22.5% was the lowest. As to the strength test result, strength following addition rate of KOH increased. Since the bubble is generated in the reaction of KOH and paper ash, this shows the very low intensity but it is determined to be the result that the amount of vacant space is decreased because the bubble generated in the mixture process comes up as the specific gravity difference.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2006

대부분 전기로 분진 처리공정은 전기로 분진으로부터 아연을 회수하기 위하여 전기로 분진에 함유된 산화아연의 환원제로 탄소를 사용한다. 본 연구에서는 산화아연의 탄소열환원반응에 관한 전기로 분진의 주성분 중의 하나인 산화철의 영향에 대하여 속도론적으로 조사되었다. 실험은 반응온도 1173 K-1373 K 범위에서 중량감량법을 이용하여 수행되었다. 실험결과, 적절한 량의 산화철 첨가는 산화아연의 탄소열환원반응 속도를 증진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 산화철이 산화아연의 탄소열환원반응에서 탄소의 gasification 반응을 촉진시키기 때문으로 관찰되었다. 표면화학반응이 율속인 shrinking core model 1173 - 1373 K 범위에서 고체 탄소에 의한 산화아연의 환원반응 속도 데이터를 분석하는데 유용한 것으로 분석되었다. ZnO-C 반응계에서 활성화 에너지는 224kJ/mol (53 kcal/nol)로, $ZnO-Fe_{2}O_{3}-C$ 반응계에서 활성화 에너지는 175kJ/mol(42kca1/mol)로 그리고 ZnO-밀스케일-C 반응계에서 활성화 에너지는 184 kJ/mol (44 kcal/mol)로 각각 계산되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.784-790
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• 2002

For mass product of nanocrystalline ZnO ultrafine powders, self-sustaining combustion process(SCP) and ultrasonic spray combustion method(USCM) were applied at the same time. Ultrasonic spray gun was attached on top of the vertical type furnace. The droplet was sprayed into reaction zone of the furnace to form SCP which produces spherical shape with soft agglomerate crystalline ZnO particles. To characterize formed particles, fuel and oxidizing agent for SCP were used glycine and zinc nitrate or zinc hydroxide. Respectively, with changing combustion temperature and mixture ratio of oxidizing agent and fuel, the best ultrasonic spray conditions were obtained. To observe ultrasonic spray effect, two types of powder synthesis processes were compared. One was directly sprayed into furnace from the precursor solution (Type A), the other directly was heated on the hot plate without using spray gun (Type B). Powder obtained by type A was porous sponge shape with heavy agglomeration, but powder obtained using type B was finer primary particle size, spherical shape with weak agglomeration and bigger value of specific surface area. 9/ This can be due to much lower reaction temperature of type B at ignition time than type A. Synthesized nanocrystalline ZnO powders at the best ultrasonic spray conditions have primary particle size in range 20~30nm and specific surface area is about 20m$^2$/g.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.494-498
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• 2012

Geopolymer cements and geopolymer resins are newly advanced mineral binders that are used in order to reduce the carbon dioxide generation that accompanies cement production. The effect of additives on the compressive strength of geopolymerized class-F fly ash was investigated. Blast furnace slag, calcium hydroxide($Ca(OH)_2$), and silica fume powders were added to fly ash. A geopolymeric reaction was initiated by adding a solution of water glass and sodium hydroxide(NaOH) to the powder mixtures. The compressive strength of pure fly ash cured at room temperature for 28 days was found to be as low as 291 $kgf/cm^{-2}$, which was not a suitable value for use in engineering materials. On the contrary, addition of 20 wt% and 40 wt% of blast furnace slag powders to fly ash increased the compressive strength to 458 $kgf/cm^{-2}$ and 750 $kgf/cm^{-2}$, respectively. 5 wt% addition of $Ca(OH)_2$ increased the compressive strength up to 640 $kgf/cm^{-2}$; further addition of $Ca(OH)_2$ further increased the compressive strength. When 2 wt% of silica fume was added, the compressive strength increased to 577 $kgf/cm^{-2}$; the maximum strength was obtained at 6 wt% addition of silica fume. It was confirmed that the addition of CaO and $SiO_2$ to the fly ash powders was effective at increasing the compressive strength of geopolymerized fly ash.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.675-681
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• 2012

본 연구는 낮은 회 성분의 함량과 높은 발열량의 특성을 지닌 초청정 석탄의 촤 반응율 특성을 알아보았다. 실험은 DTF(Drop Tube Furnace)를 통해서 다양한 온도조건 하에 산소의 분율을 바꾸어가며 수행하였다. 촤 반응률을 도출하기 위하여 FT-IR을 통해 배기가스(CO, $CO_2$)를 측정하였으며, 이색온도계를 통하여서 입자 온도를 측정하였다. 또한, Arrhenius 경험식을 토대로 초청정 석탄 촤의 활성화 에너지와 빈도인자를 도출하였다. 결과는 초청정 석탄 촤의 반응특성은 온도와 산소 분율이 높아질수록 뚜렷한 증가를 보였고, 초청정 석탄 촤의 활성화 에너지는 역청탄의 수치와 비슷한 값을 보임을 알 수 있었다.