• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2007

This study was designed to examine the relationship between clinical symptoms, self-efficacy, and performance of women with osteoarthritis. It is a survey study of 60 women who were diagnosed as osteoarthritis and given medical treatments from September, 2005 to October, 2005 in hospital 'H' located in Yongin-si. For clinical symptoms, radiographs of the subjects' knees were taken and evaluated the pathology grade by the Kellgren-Lawrence grade. Pain and stiffness was measured by the measure of WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index), and functional reach test was measured in order to examine balancing abilities. Self-efficacy was measured by a tool which has revised the ASES (Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale), and performance was measured by recording the difficulty of the WOMAC measurements themselves, and the time taken for 20 m walking, going up and down 9 stairs, and 5 sit-down and stand-up repetitions. The resulting differences in the other variables according to performance and the relationship between performance with variables are the following. First, an increase in pain in women with osteoarthritis led to decreased functional ability. Second, an increase in stiffness in women with osteoarthritis led to a decrease in functional ability. Third, a decrease in balance in women with osteoarthritis led to a decrease in functional ability. Fourth, a decrease in self-efficacy in women with osteoarthritis led to a decrease in functional ability. Fifth, the variables for estimating the performance by self-report were pain and self-efficacy. The variables for estimating the performance by recording the time taken was balance and self-efficacy. As a result factors such as pain, balance and self-efficacy in women with osteoarthritis were closely related to performance. Based on the results, it seems that physical therapy programs to decrease pain and to increase the balance in women with osteoarthritis, and psychological approaches to increasing self-efficacy are needed. I hope that the results of this study will be useful data for clinical management and intervention for women with osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to compare muscle strength and gait ability of hemodialysis patients with those of healthy adults. Methods: Data were collected through a questionnaire, by testing of muscle strength and gait ability of 40 hemodialysis patients and 40 healthy adults. $X^2$-test, t-test, and ANCOVA were used in performance of data analysis. Results: First, variables including of occupation ( $X^2$=22.40,p<.001), body weight (t=-3.72, p<.001), and BMI ( $X^2$=14.65, p<.001) differed significantly between patients in the hemodialysis group and subjects in the healthy adult group. Second, using ANCOVA analysis with correction for related variables, such as occupation, body weight, and BMI as covariates, numbers for lift/reach (F=8.15, p<.001) and sit-to-stand (F=5.47, p=.001), and both maximum safe speed (F=9.17, p<.001) and normal comfortable speed (F=8.89, p<.001) were significantly lower for patients in the hemodialysis, compared with subjects in the healthy adult group. Conclusion: According to the results, muscle strength and gait ability of patients in the hemodialysis group were lower than those of subjects inthe healthy adult group. These findings suggest the importance and necessity for an interventional exercise and rehabilitation program for hemodialysis patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2017

Purpose: This study compares the effects of treadmill gait training accompanied by visual feedback and general treadmill gait training on the gait and balance ability of patients with chronic stroke. Methods: A total of 11 patients with chronic stroke were randomly divided into either the treadmill gait training accompanied by visual feedback group (six patients) or the general treadmill gait training group (five patients). The gait and balance ability of the two groups were measured before and after the interventions using the functional reach test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Berg's balance test, and the Biodex balance test. The treadmill gait training accompanied by visual feedback group performed the exercise under the supervision of a therapist after first being provided with a hat and a goal that was devised for the purpose of providing visual feedback information. The interventions were applied to the respective groups for four weeks. For the statistical analysis, we conducted a Mann-Whitney test to compare the results between the two groups. Additionally, the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the results from before and after the intervention in each group. Results: The treadmill gait training accompanied by visual feedback group showed a significant difference in terms of the functional reach test after the intervention when compared to the general treadmill gait training group (p<0.05). Although there was no significant difference, the treadmill gait training accompanied by visual feedback group showed a larger improvement in the TUG test, Berg's balance test, and the Biodex balance test than the general treadmill gait training group (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that treadmill gait training accompanied by visual feedback can be used as a beneficial intervention scheme for the recovery of the gait and balance ability of patients with chronic stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.7-14
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of falls prevention exercise program to balance, falls efficacy, blood pressure and blood lipids in the elderly females. Methods: A total of twenty-six elderly women participated in this study. All subjects participated in exercise program based on pelvic stabilization and balance training on two times a week for twelve weeks. They were measured about Berg balance scale (BBS), Time up and go (TUG), Functional reach test (FRT), Sit to stand (STS) for balance, falls efficacy scale-international (FES-I) for falls efficacy, systolic blood pressure (SBp), diastolic pressure (DSp) for blood pressure, and total cholesterol (TC), triglyseride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for blood lipids. Results: There were significant improvements of BBS (p<.05), TUG (p<.001) FRT (p<.01), and STS (p<.001) in the balance after exercise program. There was significant improvements in FES-I (p<.001) in the falls efficacy, There were no statistical differences of SBp and DSp in the blood pressure. There were no statistical differences of TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C in the blood lipids. Conclusions: Falls prevention exercise program was meaningful increasing balance ability and falls efficacy.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.337-345
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• 2011

The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of chemical enhancer and current on the flux of donepezil hydrochloride (DH) through skin. Ethanol and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) were used as chemical enhancers in combination with iontophoresis. We also have studied the effect of pH on flux and evaluated the role of electroosmosis. In vitro flux study was performed at $33^{\circ}C$, using side-by-side diffusion cell and full thickness hairless mouse skin. Passive flux of DH without enhancer was very small. As the concentration of enhancer increased, passive flux increased. After current application, flux increased markedly and the time to reach maximum decreased. Without enhancer, maximum flux was about 50 fold larger than that obtained without current. These results indicate that electromigration is playing a major role for the transport. As the enhancer concentration increased, flux also increased. NMP and ethanol increased not only the passive delivery, but also the iontophoretic delivery. Flux results indicate that ethanol has better ability than NMP in enhancing the transport of DH. The magnitudes of increase in flux by these enhancers indicate that there is a large synergistic effect in flux enhancement. Flux results from pH study showed that electroosmotic flow is reversed at low pH and the flux is hindered. These results provided some information on the flux enhancing ability of ethanol and NMP in combination with iontophoresis. The data also provided some mechanistic insights into the role of electromigration and electroosmosis on flux through skin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.112-115
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• 2011

Healthcare is one of the biggest industries that consume IT Infrastructure as a necessity. A reliable reach to secure private information is the essential goal. Most of the healthcare organizations either have their own custom solutions developed or third part CRM software tailored to their needs. This culture satisfies the usability internal to the organization but lacks the ability to provide public access to the users or even to take a step ahead and collaborate with like minded institutes for research and potential growth. Emergence of cloud computing has provided us the opportunity to take a step ahead and build applications available to users on a secure platform, with ability to scale the resources depending on the requirements. The effective use of hybrid and community cloud can create rock solid foundations for healthcare IT Infrastructure. These cloud deployment models not only caters the present needs of healthcare IT Infrastructure but also opens the possibilities to build applications and provide secure and reliable access beyond the limits of organizational boundaries.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.187-194
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of interferential current therapy (ICT) on spasticity, ROM, and the balance function in patients with stroke. Methods: 30 inpatients with stroke were randomly divided into 2 groups: the ICT group (n=15) and the placebo-ICT group (n=15). Two groups have got the traditional rehabilitation for 30 minutes before applying either ICT or placebo-ICT stimulation. The stimulus of ICT has been applied to gastrocnemius at the level of 100 Hz, two times of sensation threshold, while the placebo-ICT group has put on the electrode without electrical stimulus. To assess spasticity in ankle, the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) was used, and goniometer was applied to measure the passive range of motion (PROM). Also, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Timed-up and go (TUG), and the Functional Reach Test (FRT) were carried out to examine the balance ability. Results: The ICT group showed a significant reduction of spasticity and significantly increased PROM than the placebo-ICT group (p<0.05). The placebo-ICT group did not show significant changes in the BBS, the TUG, and the FRT, while the ICT group significantly improved the BBS, the TUG, and the FRT (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that ICT applied to gastrocnemius effectively decreased spasticity and improved range of motion and balance function in patients with stroke.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2000

This study has been performed to review critical issues affecting continuous residence in profit(self-paid) assistant living facilities for the elderly in the United States. There are three factors influencing continuous residence of frail elderly in the facilities as long as they want without involuntary discharge : Financial ability, behavioral aspects, and facility management situation. Regarding financial ability, income, purchase of insurance policy, cashable assets, willingfulness to pay, and health status were found to be crucial determinants of continuous residence. Overall, 40-50% of those aged 65+ are financially able to stay in the assistant facilities as long as they want, without involuntary discharge. As for behavioral aspects, extroversions, congeniality, culture & life style, conscientiousness, preference for person, and physiological habits were found to be crucial determinants of continuous residence. As for the management situation, it is essential that facilities reach nature level of self-governing rights of the older residents and good local images, and conflicts among the residents and managing parties be resolved on the agreeable standards of inspectors. finally in this study, it is proposed that in Korea, national pension authority offer a liability package for assistant residence, for the case of individual bankruptcy.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

Hand grip strength has been utilized as an indicator to evaluate the motor ability of hands, responsible for performing multiple body functions. It is however difficult to evaluate other factors (other than hand muscular strength) utilizing the hand grip strength only. The purpose of this study was analyzed the motor ability of hands using EMG and the hand grip strength, simultaneously in order to evaluate concentration, muscular strength reaction time, instantaneous muscular strength change, and agility in response to visual reaction. In results, the average time (and their standard deviations) of muscular strength reaction EMG signal and hand grip strength was found to be $209.6{\pm}56.2$ ms and $354.3{\pm}54.6$ ms, respectively. In addition, the onset time which represents acceleration time to reach 90% of maximum hand grip strength, was $382.9{\pm}129.9$ ms. Results in visual reaction (on) indicate the differences in muscular strength agility and concentration of participants in regards to visual reaction.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.32-37
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• 2004

Well organized design based education is the one of the best way to develop the abilities needed for the engineer such as the recognizing and formulating a problem and then solving it creatively and systematically. In order for this, we prepared a course named 'Introduction to the Engineering Design' for the first-year students, which aims at developing creativity and ability to promote a project. Experiment-design mixed courses and theory-design mixed courses, where students have to solve various design problems, are provided for the higher grade students. In this paper, we are focused on the experiment-design mixed course for the second-year students which has been operating from two years ago. Here we show how the teamwork ability is improved. We also present how to operate the course in detail so that anyone can easily get the way to reach the outcomes needed for the engineers.