• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

Background: The ability for backward walking is considered to be necessary for the neuromuscular control and maintenance of balance in daily ambulatory activity. This study aimed to determine the effect of backward walking training on the walking speed and balance control in patients with hemiplegia. Methods: Fourteen patients with hemiplegia were randomly allocated to an experimental and control groups of seven patients each. For the experimental group, we performed both conventional training and backward walking training, and conventional training only for the control group. The conventional training programs for the 2 groups were conducted for 30 min, twice a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks, and backward walking training for the experimental group was conducted for 30 min, 3 times a week. The outcomes were assessed using the functional reach test (FRT), timed up-and-go (TUG) Test, and the 10 meter walk time test (10mWT). Result: A comparison of the FRT, TUG test, and 10mWT scores obtained before and after the 4-week treatment revealed statistically significant differences (p<.05) for the experimental group; however, there was no such difference in the case of the control group (p>.05). On assessment after the 4-week treatment, statistically significant differences were noted in the TUG test and 10mWT scores of the experimental group (p<.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that backward walking training is an effective clinical strategy for improving the walking speed and functional mobility of patients with hemiplegia.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.624-634
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• 2020

The ability of natural and modified clay to adsorb phenol was studied. The clay samples were analyzed by different technical instruments, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. Surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter were also determined using B.E.T method. Up to 73 and 99% of phenol was successfully adsorbed by natural and activated clay, respectively, from the aqueous solution. The experiments carried out show that the time required to reach the equilibrium of phenol adsorption on all the samples is very close to 60 min. The amount of phenol adsorbed shows a declining trend with higher pH as well as with lower pH, with most extreme elimination of phenol at pH 4. The adsorption of phenol increases proportionally with the initial phenol concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity at 25 ℃ and pH 4 was 29.661 mg/g for modified clay (NaMt). However, the effect of temperature on phenol adsorption was not significant. The simple modification causes the formation of smaller pores in the solid particles, resulting in a higher surface area of NaMt. The equilibrium results in aqueous systems were well fitted by the Freundlich isotherm equation (R² > 0.98). Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process is best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² > 0.99). The adsorption of phenol on natural and modified clay was spontaneous and exothermal.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2325-2330
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• 2005

A potential field method for solving the problem of path planning based on global and local information for a mobile robot moving among a set of stationary obstacles is described. The concept of various method used path planning is used design a planning strategy. A real human living area is constructed by many moving and imminence obstacles. Home service mobile robot must avoid many obstacles instantly. A path that safe and attraction towards the goal is chosen. The potential function depends on distance from the goal and heuristic function relies on surrounding environments. Three additional combined methods are proposed to apply to human living area, calibration robots position by measured surrounding environment and adapted home service robots. In this work, we proposed the application of various path planning theory to real area, human living. First, we consider potential field method. Potential field method is attractive method, but that method has great problem called local minimum. So we proposed intermediate point in real area. Intermediate point was set in doorframe and between walls there is connect other room or other area. Intermediate point is very efficiency in computing path. That point is able to smaller area, area divided by intermediate point line. The important idea is intermediate point is permanent point until destruction house or apartment house. Second step is move robot with sensing on front of mobile robot. With sensing, mobile robot recognize obstacle and judge moving obstacle. If mobile robot is reach the intermediate point, robot sensing the surround of point. Mobile robot has data about intermediate point, so mobile robot is able to calibration robots position and direction. Third, we gave uncertainty to robot and obstacles. Because, mobile robot was motion and sensing ability is not enough to control. Robot and obstacle have uncertainty. So, mobile robot planed safe path planning to collision free. Finally, escape local minimum, that has possibility occur robot do not work. Local minimum problem solved by virtual obstacle method. Next is some supposition in real living area.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2006

Those students with ability and interest in science should be supported to develop their potential and to reach high levels of achievement in science and technology. In order to ensure that gifted pupils are able to enhance their creativity as well as research abilities, appropriate learning programs and environments are essential. One of the various teaching and learning models for the gifted in science is the discovery learning model based on inductive science activities. There is a clear line of continuity between knowledge discovery at the forefront of research and student's learning activities. If students receive excellent training in organizing scientific concepts for themselves, they will be able to skillfully apply appropriate scientific concepts and solve problems when facing unfamiliar situations. It is very important to offer an appropriate learning environment to maximize the learning effect whilst, at the same time, understanding individual student's characteristics. In this study, the authors took great pains to research effective learning environments for gifted science students. Firstly, appropriate classroom learning environments thought by the teacher to offer the most potential were investigated. 3 different classes in which a revised teaching and learning environment was applied in sequence were examined. Inquiries were conducted into students' activities and achievement through observation, interviews, and examination of students' worksheets. A Science Education expert and 5 elementary school teachers specializing in gifted education also observed the class to examine the specific character of gifted science students. A number of suggestions in discovery learning classes for elementary students gifted in science are possible; 1) Readiness is essential in attitudes related to the inquiry. 2) The interaction between students should be developed. A permissive atmosphere is needed in small group activities. 3) Students require training in listening to others. In a whole class discussion, a permissive atmosphere needs to be restricted somewhat in order to promote full and inclusive discussion. 4) Students should have a chance to practice induction and abduction methods in solving problems.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.13-34
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• 2001

The case which it contracts with the dynamic result measurement system when actual outsourcing evaluation measurement is composed and then one result standard between the service supplier and the user is set, which owns jointly the expense which is reduced from that or the benefit which is created from that is increasing In the conclusion, for outsourcing management strategy of domestic foodservice industry in order to succeed, first it is accurate and examined that for what and how outsourcing should be introduced and as a result, what kind of result can be raised from that result\ulcorner Food service industry should be outsourced if you want to make more many investment in better humane resources, food & beverage-goods-security and education to provide eating-out service out of various business in food industry. When considering the actuality of the domestic foodservice industry that time it is appropriate, it sees. The foreign-brand goods which is introduced in the country are being executing in the 1ink of part management strategy. One of the most influential factor of domestic foodservice industry's management pressure is overspent management expenses, Does the namely expenses preparation effect reach which degree\ulcorner what kind of method can most decrease these expenses\ulcorner Doing grows the success and failure of the Korean foodservice industry controls result with the fact that it will operate with a big variable sees. The background which the domestic foodservice industry should introduce inevitably the outsiurcing system is to develop continuously nation foodservice industry in the way of cost curtailment of food-material, a labor cost curtailment with efficient application and synergic effect like specialty manpower utilization. The kindred competitive enterprises gradually concentrate management resource to the point ability from the present point of view which is increasing and a strategy position they secure, to prepare a competitive power, what sees it is important national industry must prepare a new paradigm. It is important to measure the result based on sales accomplishment in operation system dimension, and it is more important to appropriately apply regard of the evaluation measurement

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.278-294
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• 1999

The PACE (People nth Arthritis Can Exercise) is an exercise program developed by the Arthritis Foundation to improve muscle strength and joint flexibility for patients with arthritis. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of PACE program on self-efficacy, pain, and joint function in the Korean immigrant elderly. The PACE program was held twice a week for 6 weeks for Korean immigrant elderly who had osteoarthritis. Twenty four subjects completed the program, who were recruited in two places : 10 elderly in a senior residential apartment, and 14 elderly in a senior center supported by Congregated Meal Program for Korean Elderly. Self-efficacy(Sherer et al., 1982), pain severity(by using Visual Analogue Scale), and number of painful joints were measured before and after the PACE program. To examine the joint flexibility and strengthening, the followings were measured : the extent of the upward arm reach in both sides(flexibility of shoulder), the ability to touch fingertips of the both hands in back pat and rub(flexibility of arm), the degree of range of motion(ROM) of both ankles in their dorsiflexion(flexibility of ankle) and plantarflexion with standing with toe(strengthening of ankle), and the degree of knee extension. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for data analysis and the significance of the differences in the variables was examined to compare the data obtained before and after the PACE program. After the PACE, followings were found : 1. Self-efficacy was significantly increased. 2. Pain severity and number of painful Joints was significantly decreased. 3. The flexibility of both shoulders and arms were significantly improved, but the flexibility of knee was not changed. 4. The flexibility and strengthening of both ankle was significantly improved. In conclusion, PACE was clearly proved to be an effective exercise program to promote self-efficacy, to reduce pain, and to enhance joint function in the elderly with osteoarthritis. It is suggested that the PACE program should be recommended as one of the useful and appropriate nursing interventions for elderly with osteoarthritis.

• 대한근관절건강학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한근관절건강학회 2001년도 제14회 총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.179-190
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of GEAP on pain, joint function, activities of daily living(ADL) and fatigue in chronic arthritis patients. The GEAP was held twice a week for 6 weeks for chronic arthritis patients at one university hospital in Seoul, Korea. Thirty four subjects completed the program, who were recruited at four times from September, 1999 to September, 2000. The effect of GEAP were evaluated as follows: Pain severity and number of painful joints ADL, fatigue were measured before and after the GEAP. In order to examine the joint flexibility and strengthening, the followings were measured: the extent of the upward arm reach in both sides(flexibility of shoulder), the ability to touch fingertips of the both hands in back pat and rub(flexibility of arm), the degree of range of motion (ROM) of both ankles in their dorsiflexion(flexibility of ankle) and plantarflexion with standing with toe(strengthening of ankle), and the degree of knee extension, and the grip strength. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for data analysis and the significance of the differences in the variables was examined to compare the data obtained before and after the GEAP. After the GEAP, followings were found: 1. Pain severity and number of painful joints was significantly decreased. 2. The flexibility of both shoulders and arms, knee, both ankle were significantly improved. 3. The strengthening of both arms was significantly improved, but the strengthening of ankle was not changed. 4. ADL was significantly increased. 5. Fatigue was significantly decreased. In conclusion, GEAP used in this study was clearly proved to be an effective exercise program to reduce pain and fatigue, to enhance joint function and ADL in people with chronic arthritis. It is suggested that the GEAP should be recommended as one of the useful and appropriate nursing interventions for chronic arthritis patients.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.339-349
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from kimchi and to evaluate its characteristics and functional properties for application in fermented dairy products as a probiotic or commercial starter culture. Eight stains isolated from kimchi were selected through an investigation of phenotypic characteristics. Two strains (DK211 and DK303) were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, another two (DK207 and DK215) as Lactobacillus paracasei, and one (DK301) as Lactobacillus sakei. The remaining three strains were identified as species of Weissella. All selected Lactobacillus strains had acid and bile tolerance, even though there was wide variation in the ability of each strain. DK303 showed a remarkably higher proteolytic activity. There were no significant differences in β-galactosidase activity among the tested strains, except that DK301 showed no activity. Auto-aggregation varied between 82.1 and 90.0%, and hydrophobicity values ranged from 0.5 to 51.6%.The strongest auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity were observed in DK211. All selected strains showed better 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH) scavenging activity than commercial strains. DK211, DK215, DK301, and DK303 had effective inhibitory activity against all pathogens tested except E. coli. When selected strains were used for yogurt preparation as a single starter culture, the time required to reach target titratable acidity (0.9) was 11-12 h. The yogurt fermented with DK211 had favorable panelists ratings for most sensory attributes, which were comparable with yogurt fermented with a commercial strain. The results suggest that strains isolated from kimchi could be potential probiotic and starter cultures for use in yogurt manufacturing.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

The different growth steps of human show the different energetic phenomenon such as the strength of triple energizer, the sale of extra meridian, and the stability of 12 meridians. So we have to understand the physiological and pathological phenomena on this point of view. Especially atopic dermatitis means the loss of adaptability under the lack of genuine energy. If you approach to this disease not with any perception of excess or deficiency of the human genuine energy but with simple symptom enumeration or partial diagnosis, it will be dangerous. So we must approach to this disease with more concrete and objective body-centered standard. Thus when we cure and diagnose infants with this disease, we should focus on stablizing the "Energy of Earth(土)" digestive ability, under the consideration of inducement to the enough "Byun-Jeung-Hu(變蒸候)" and the function of Triple Energizer. Through this process we can lead infants to the beginning equipment state(始全). Until 7 years old, we should stabilize the Link Vessel(維脈) by clarifying interior and exterior classification of Nutritive Element and Defensive Energy to control the child's energy of metal(金), water(水), wood(木) and fire(火) in the basis of the energy of earth(土). And also we should stabilize the Heel Vessel(？脈) through the Water and Fire complement each other to control the movements and to control sleep and awakening. Through this process, we can lead children to the basal equipment state(本全). After then, until adolescent phase, we should control 12 meridian and 8 extra meridian by leading vital function to be harmonized and prosperous on the basis of the meridian to reach the mature equipment state(旣全). Adult atopic dermatitis should be controlled through conciliation between meridian and internal organs by differentiating male from female.

• 정보학연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2002

정보통신기술(ICT)의 발달로 인한 정보생활화는 이제 우리의 일상 생활모습이 되었다. 80년대 컴퓨터산업의 발달과 90년대의 인터넷활성화는 모든 분야에서 우리 생활의 모습을 변화시키고 있다. 그러나 최근들어 성장위주의 급격한 정보화는 부작용을 잉태하기 시작했다. 정보화 역기능 및 정보격차의 문제는 국내외적으로 중요한 이슈가 되고 있으며 그 정도는 심각한 수준에 이르렀다고 보는 시각이 지배적이다. 정보화의 이면에서 발생하는 일상 생활양식과 문화적 혜택의 차이에 의해 새로운 불평등이 등장하고 부의 편중과 새로운 신분의 고착화가 가중되고 있다. 정보격차로 인한 불균형은 산업화시대 불균형에 비해 약 30배의 위력을 갖는다고 한다. 지금까지의 정보화정책 및 정보화에 대한 연구는 주로 정보화에 대한 순기능 측면에서 이루어 졌다. 즉 가치지향적 측면, 사회문화적 측면, 불평등사고 등 복지정보통신측면에서의 연구는 미흡했던 것이 사실이다. 정보통신 산업육성, 인프라구축 등 하드웨어적인 면에 편중됨으로서 누구나 정보화의 혜택을 누리는 정보평등사회와는 거리가 있어 보인다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 정보화 역기능과 정보격차문제를 포함한 정보화수용모델을 제시하고 정보화역기능이 정보화의 수용의도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지, 또 어떤 인과관계가 있는지를 수집된 자료를 이용하여 실증분석 하고자 시도하였다. 결론적으로 정보화역기능에 대한 태도가 높을수록 정보화 수용의도는 낮게 나타남으로서 정보화의 효율성은 떨어지게 된다는 것이다. 따라서 정보화역기능 및 정보격차문제의 해결은 선택의 문제가 아니라 정보화 정책을 추진함에 있어 반드시 고려하여야 할 과제로 인식되어야 할 것이다.