• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2009년도 춘계 학술대회 제21권1호
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• pp.189-190
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 탄소섬유시트로 보강된 RC 기둥의 횡방향 거동을 해석적으로 분석하고 그 결과를 기존의 실험결과와 비교함으로써 해석기법의 타당성을 검증하였다. 해석 시 RC 기둥과 탄소섬유시트 사이의 부착거동 특성을 반영하기 위해 경계면 요소를 고려하였으며, 경계면 거동에 따른 RC 기둥 전체의 거동 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 이를 통해 경계면 요소를 고려한 해석의 필요성과 해석 기법의 타당성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제39권5_6호
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• pp.859-882
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• 2021

In the proposed paper, a new algorithm based on Nonlinear Feedback Shift Register (NLFSR) and modified RC4A (Rivest Cipher 4A) cipher is introduced. NLFSR is used for image pixel scrambling while modified RC4A algorithm is used for pixel substitution. NLFSR used in this algorithm is of order 27 with maximum period 2^27-1 which was found using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), a searching method. Modified RC4A algorithm is the modification of RC4A and is modified by introducing non-linear rotation operator in the Key Scheduling Algorithm (KSA) of RC4A cipher. Analysis of occlusion attack (up to 62.5% pixels), noise (salt and pepper, Poisson) attack and key sensitivity are performed to assess the concreteness of the proposed method. Also, some statistical and security analyses are evaluated on various images of different size to empirically assess the robustness of the proposed scheme.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 교량의 보강재료로써 주목받고 있으며, 적용이 이루어지고 있는 탄소섬유시트(CFS) 및 새롭게 개발된 탄소섬유스트랜드시트(CFSS)를 이용하여 RC 상판 공시체에 접착보강하고, 보강을 통한 내피로성의 평가 및 RC 상판 공시체의 압축강도가 보강효과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 윤하중 피로 실험을 통해 내피로성을 평가한 결과, 기존의 CFS 전면접착보강 공법에 비해 새롭게 개발된 CFSS 격자접착보강 공법의 보강효과는 1.2~1.3배의 보강효과가 확인되었다. 또한, RC 상판의 압축강도가 보강효과에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 압축강도가 시방서의 설계기준강도 이하일 경우에는 보강 후에도 내피로성은 평가되지 않았다. 따라서, 탄소섬유재료를 이용한 접착보강을 실시할 경우에는 RC 상판의 콘크리트 압축강도 및 사전조사를 실시할 필요가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.119-133
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• 2017

Several theoretical and analytical formulations for the prediction of shear strength in reinforced concrete (RC) beam-to-column joints have been recently developed. Some of these predictive models are included in the most recent seismic codes and currently used in practical design. On the other hand, the influence of the stiffness and strength degradations in RC joints on the seismic performance of RC framed buildings has been only marginally studied, and it is generally neglected in practice-oriented seismic analysis. To investigate such influence, this paper proposes a numerical description for representing the cyclic response of RC exterior joints. This is then used in nonlinear numerical simulations of RC frames subjected to earthquake loading. According to the proposed strategy, RC joints are modelled using nonlinear rotational spring elements with strength and stiffness degradations and limited ductility under cyclic loading. The proposed joint model has been firstly calibrated against the results from experimental tests on 12 RC exterior joints. Subsequently, nonlinear static and dynamic analyses have been carried out on two-, three- and four-storey RC frames, which represent realistic existing structures designed according to old standards. The numerical results confirm that the global seismic response of the analysed RC frames is strongly affected by the hysteretic damage in the beam-to-column joints, which determines the failure mode of the frames. This highlights that neglecting the effects of joints damage may potentially lead to non-conservative seismic assessment of existing RC framed structures.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2007

The initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication requires assembly of the pre-replicative complex (Pre-RC) through the concerted action of Orc, Cdc6, Cdt1 and Mcm2-7 complex during G1 phase. The pre-RC assembly licenses individual replication origins for the initiation of DNA replication and sufficient number of the pre-RC is essential for proper progression of S phase. However, it is not well known how cells recognize the completion of the pre-RC assembly before G1-S transition. In order to understand the cellular responses to the defects in pre-RC assembly, we depleted the known components of pre-RC proteins using the small interference RNAs in HeLa cells. Although the defects of pre-RC assembly by the depletion of the pre-RC proteins such as Orc2, Cdt1, Mcm2 & Mcm10 did not elicit the activation of Chk1- or Chk2-dependent checkpoint pathways, these cells still showed significant decrease in the cellular level of Cdc25A proteins. These results suggests that a novel checkpoint pathway exist in HeLa cells, which is not dependent upon Chk1 or Chk2 proteins and play essential roles in the cellular responses to the defects in the pre-RC assembly. Also, among those four proteins tested in this study, the depletion of Mcm10 and Cdt1 proteins significantly increased the apoptotic cell death in HeLa cells, suggesting that these proteins not only play roles in the pre-RC assembly, but also are involved in the checkpoint responses to the defects in the pre-RC assembly.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.875-880
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• 2019

RC4 스트림 암호화는 내부 구현이 간단하고 빠르게 암호화 할 수 있는 초경량 암호화 알고리즘으로 IEEE 802.11의 WEP와 IEEE 802.11i의 TKIP 등에 널리 이용되고 있다. RC4는 IoT 등의 제한적 자원을 갖는 시스템들에도 사용되지만 성능상 제약이 있다. RC4 암호화는 S-배열과 K-배열의 초기화 및 랜덤화를 수행하는 KSA(Key Scheduling Algorithm)와 랜덤화된 S-배열을 이용하여 암호문을 생성하는 PRGA(Pseudo-Random Generation Algorithm)의 두 단계로 구성된다. 본 논문에서는 KSA에서 발생하는 초기화 지연시간을 줄이기 위해, 랜덤화 과정에 초기화를 삽입하여 함께 처리한다. KSA의 랜덤화에서 교환(swap) 작업과 PRGA의 암호문 생성은 클러스터를 이용하여 매 클록마다 두 개의 교환 및 암호문이 생성되도록 하였다. 제안된 RC4 암호화 하드웨어 구조는 초기화 지연시간이 발생하지 않으며, 랜덤화와 키 스트림 생성율에서 다른 연구들과 비교하여 약 2배에서 6배의 성능이 향상되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제77권4호
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• pp.441-461
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• 2021

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns are crucial in building structures and they are of higher vulnerability to terrorist threat than any other structural elements. Thus it is of great interest and necessity to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the possible responses of RC columns when exposed to high intensive blast loads. The primary objective of this study is to derive analytical formulas to assess vulnerability of RC columns using an advanced numerical modelling approach. This investigation is necessary as the effect of blast loads would be minimal to the RC structure if the explosive charge is located at the safe standoff distance from the main columns in the building and therefore minimizes the chance of disastrous collapse of the RC columns. In the current research, finite element model is developed for RC columns using LS-DYNA program that includes a comprehensive discussion of the material models, element formulation, boundary condition and loading methods. Numerical model is validated to aid in the study of RC column testing against the explosion field test results. Residual capacity of RC column is selected as damage criteria. Intensive investigations using Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) methodology are then implemented to evaluate the influence of scaled distance, column dimension, concrete and steel reinforcement properties and axial load index on the vulnerability of RC columns. The generated empirical formulae can be used by the designers to predict a damage degree of new column design when consider explosive loads. With an extensive knowledge on the vulnerability assessment of RC structures under blast explosion, advancement to the convention design of structural elements can be achieved to improve the column survivability, while reducing the lethality of explosive attack and in turn providing a safer environment for the public.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2022

Steel fiber composite bar (SFCB) is a novel type of reinforcement, which has good ductility and durability performance. Due to the unique pseudo strain hardening tensile behavior of SFCB, different flexural behavior is expected of SFCB reinforced concrete (SFCB-RC) beams from traditional steel bar reinforced concrete (S-RC) beams and FRP bar reinforced concrete (F-RC) beams. To investigate the flexural behavior of SFCB-RC beam, four points bending tests were carried out and different flexural behaviors between S/F/SFCB-RC beams were discussed. An flexural analytical model of SFCB-RC beams is proposed and proved by the current and existing experimental results. Based on the proposed model, the influence of the fiber volume ratio R of the SFCB on the flexural behavior of SFCB-RC beams is discussed. The results show that the proposed model is effective for all S/F/SFCB-RC flexural members. Fiber volume ratio R is a key parameter affecting the flexural behavior of SFCB-RC. By controlling the fiber volume ratio of SFCB reinforcements, the flexural behavior of the SFCB-RC flexural members such as bearing capacity, bending stiffness, ductility and repairability of SFCB-RC structures can be designed.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.734-741
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• 2002

중앙부 철골조와 단부 RC조로 이루어진 혼합구조보인 RS 보와 RC 기둥으로 이루어진 접합부의 비탄성 거동 및 내진성능을 구명하기 위하여 반복가력에 의한 접합부 실험을 진행하였다. 본 연구는 RC-RS 접합부의 모멘트비를 변수로 하여 두 개의 내부접합부와 한 개의 외부접합부 등 총 3개의 시험체를 제작하여 실험을 진행하였다. 실험결과, 강도와 연성능력은 충분히 발휘하였으나, 접합부의 강성은 부족한 결과를 나타내었다. 이는 RS 보를 구성하는 철골보와 RC 보를 연결하는 강재매입구간에서의 철골 보의 미끄러짐에 의한 변위의 증가로 인하여 강성의 저하가 발생한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 Hawkins의 제안안에 의한RC-RS 접합부의 내진성능을 평가해 본 결과, 접합부의 초기강성의 부족으로 부재각 0.5 %에서의 공칭강도의 발현은 만족하지 못하였으나, 그외의 내진성능 평가지표인 강도유지능력, 상대 에너지소산비 및 종국후 초기강성비나 초기강도비 등의 측면에서는 우수한 능력을 발휘하였다. 따라서 구조물에서 RC-RS 접합부를 적용할 경우, RC 코어 월과 같은 초기 횡 강성을 보완할 수 있는 적절한 구조시스템과 병행하여 적용하면 강진지역의 구조물에도 충분히 적용이 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.209-212
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• 2003

A wide variety of cancer chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to induce programmed cell death (PCD, apoptosis) in various tumor cell fines in vitro. This study was performed to know how ginsenoside Rc affect on SK-MEL-28 cell line, and how they induce the apoptosis. SK-MEL-28 cell lines were treated with various concentrations of ginsenoside Rc and cultured for various times. At cell cycle analysis, cells arrested at G2/M phase by ginsenoside Rc and apotosis percentage increased along with increasing concentration and time. TUNEL assay was performed to know whether SK-MEL-28 cell fine die as apoptosis or necrosis by ginsenoside Rc. As a result, fluorescence increased along with increasing time and concentration. Fas expressed on SK-MEL-28 cell lines membrane by ginsenoside Rc was identified using flow cytometer. Ginsenoside Rc induced apoptosis against SK-MEL-28 cell fines, and the apoptosis mechanism was identified as Fas-mediated apotosis.