• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2022

The shelf life of oysters Crassostrea gigas, in two different types of packaging containers, polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), was determined by evaluating the pH, glycogen and soluble protein content, turbidity, and viable cell count. After 7 days of storage, the pH of the packing water in the PE container decreased to 5.88, while the pH in the PET container decreased to 6.03. In the PE container, the glycogen content of the oysters decreased by 0.85 g/100 g and the soluble protein content and turbidity of the packing seawater increased by 1,927.21 mg/100 g and 3.24 McF, respectively. In the PET container, the glycogen content of the oysters decreased by 0.96 g/100 g and the soluble protein content and turbidity of the packing seawater increased by 1,674.75 mg/100 g and 0.98 McF, respectively. The reaction rate constants (K) were as follows: glycogen content, -0.18 (PE) and -0.10 (PET); soluble protein content, 0.29 (PE) and 0.26 (PET); and turbidity, 0.41 (PE) and 0.06 (PET). These results suggested that PET can be used as a new packaging container material for raw oysters because the quality is maintained and it offers more convenient handling during distribution.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

굴은 향기가 좋고 영양성분이 풍부하며 질병 예방의 기능성이 높은 우수한 수산식품으로 동서양인 모두가 선호한다. 대량으로 생산된 굴의 보관 및 유통의 편의성을 증가시키는 가장 좋은 방법은 건조하는 것인데, 기존의 열풍건조나 동결건조에 의할 경우에는 굴의 육질이 매우 약하여 향과 영양 성분의 파괴가 많아 완전건조가 불가능하다. 본 논문에서는 $15^{\circ}C$ 저온진공건조기술을 이용하여 한국산 양식 생굴과 자연산 생굴을 완전 건조하는 과정에서 진공상태하의 진공열전달특성에 관한 실험적 결과를 보고하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.3971-3976
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 버려지는 굴패각을 상수도관 내부의 부식방지를 위한 세라믹 코팅제의 원료물질로 활용하고자 굴패각의 물리화학적 특성 및 소성가공 특성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 굴패각은 92.08%가 탄산칼슘($CaCO_3$)으로 이루어져 있었으며, 분쇄된 굴패각 입자의 형태는 대부분 타원형 형태를 나타내었다. 그리고 소성 처리된 굴패각의 특성은 소성온도가 높고 소성시간이 경과할수록 무게감소량 및 칼슘함량이 증가하는 경향을 나타내어 소성온도를 높이고 입자크기를 작고 균일하게 할수록 소성가공이 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 이에 소성가공 처리된 굴패각은 정수장 및 상하수도관의 내부 부식방지를 위한 세라믹 코팅제의 원료물질로써 재활용이 가능할 것으로 판단하였다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 굴 패각을 원료(골재)로 활용하기 위한 물리적인 가공방법에 관한 것을 실험을 통해 검토하고자 하였다. 실험결과 굴 패각의 형상에 의해 분쇄된 굴 패각의 적정 입도는 10mm 보다 작아야 될 것으로 판단된다. 또한 가동시간과 회수율, 각 입도별 잔류율과 다양한 입도분포를 고려할 때 굴 패각의 분쇄에는 커터 밀이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 커터 밀의 경우, 8mm의 내부 스크린을 적용할 때, 회수율은 97.3% 12mm를 적용할 때, 98.2%, 20mm일 때, 98.9%로 나타나 스크린 사이즈가 커짐에 따라 회수율은 다소 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 커터 밀의 내부 스크린과 인버터의 속도 차이에 의한 실험결과 스크린의 크기가 작을수록, 인버터의 속도가 빠를수록 조립률은 낮아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 동일한 스크린에서 인버터 속도의 상승은 더욱 낮은 입도범위의 재료 회수가 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.533-540
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• 2016

This study assessed the risk of an oyster-shucking site to establish the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system model by measuring viable cell counts, coliform group Staphylococcus aureus foreign material on oysters, oyster-producing equipment, and washing water. The viable cell count and coliform group levels of the harvested raw oysters were 4.00 log CFU/g and 1.1×10² MPN/100 g, while those of washed oysters were 2.99 log CFU/g and (3.2−4.6) × 10 MPN/100 g, respectively. After washing the oysters, no Escherichia coli or pathogenic bacteria (E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, S. aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Clostridium perfringens) were detected. Regardless of the location of foreign matter, up to 100% more metallic and non-metallic foreign matter was detected at 1.5 mmΦ than at 3.5 mmΦ, using a metal detector with increased sensitivity. According to the results, the critical control points (CCP) are the washing and metal-detection processes. These results can be used as basic data to improve sanitation at oyster-shucking sites in factories with an HACCP system.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.469-471
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• 2001

Dry grinding of a mixture of CaCO$_3$ and Ca(H$_2$PO$_4$)$_2$.$H_2O$ was conducted using a planetary ball mill in order to investigate solid state reaction for a synthesis of hydroxyapatite(Ca$_{10}$(PO$_4$)$_{6}$(OH)$_2$, HAp) through mechanochemical treatment method. The raw materials, which are composed of waste oyster and calcium biphosphate Ca(H$_2$PO$_4$)$_2$.$H_2O$, were mixed and then treated mechanochemically. The synthesis of hydroxyapatite(Ca$_{10}$(PO$_4$)$_{6}$(OH)$_2$, HAp) from the mixture was almost completed by about 60 minute grinding. The formation of HAp monophase in the ground mixture was characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Moreover, the formation of HAp monophase depending on the grinding time was improved by increasing the grinding time.ime.ime.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.263-266
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• 2007

Vibrio vulnificusis a causative agent of serious diseases in humans resulting from the contact of wound with seawater or consumption of raw seafood. Several studies aimed at detecting V. vulnificus have targeted vvh as a representative virulence toxin gene belonging to the bacterium. In this study, we targeted the rpoS gene, a general stress regulator, to detect V. vulnificus. PCR specificity was identified by amplification of 8 V. vulnificus templates and by the loss of a PCR product with 36 non-V. vulnificus strains. The PCR assay had the 273-bp fragment and the sensitivity of 10 pg DNA from V. vulnificus. SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR assay targeting the rpoS gene showed a melting temperature of approximately $84^{\circ}C$ for V. vulnificus strains. The minimum level of detection by real-time PCR was 2 pg of purified genomic DNA, or $10^3$ V. vulnificus cells from pure cultured broth and $10^3$ cells in 1g of oyster tissue homogenates. These data indicate that real-time PCR is a sensitive, species-specific, and rapid method for detecting this bacterium using the rpoS gene in pure cultures and in infected oyster tissues.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.861-869
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the suitability of frozen oysters as a raw material for the preparation of seafood products by measuring the concentrations of harmful microorganisms and chemicals in thawed flesh. The microbial concentrations in thawed oysters were 2.3-5.0 log CFU/g for viable cell counts, not detected (ND)-1.0 log CFU/g for coliform bacteria, and ND for Escherichia coli and pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), and Clostridium perfringens. In frozen oysters, the heavy metal concentration for viable cell counts was ND-0.030 mg/kg, for lead was ND-0.393 mg/kg, and for cadmium was 0.021-0.597 mg/kg. Benzo(a)pyrene, shellfish poison (paralytic shellfish and diarrhetic shellfish poisons), and radioactivity were not detected in the thawed oysters. These results suggest that frozen oysters can be safely used as a raw material for the preparation of seafood products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1162-1169
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• 2023

16S rRNA short amplicon sequencing-based microbiota profiling has been thought of and suggested as a feasible method to assess food safety. However, even if a comprehensive microbial information can be obtained by microbiota profiling, it would not be necessarily sufficient for all circumstances. To prove this, the feasibility of the most widely used V3-V4 amplicon sequencing method for food safety assessment was examined here. We designed a pathogen (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) contamination and/or V. parahaemolyticus-specific phage treatment model of raw oysters under improper storage temperature and monitored their microbial structure changes. The samples stored at refrigerator temperature (negative control, NC) and those that were stored at room temperature without any treatment (no treatment, NT) were included as control groups. The profiling results revealed that no statistical difference exists between the NT group and the pathogen spiked- and/or phage treated-groups even when the bacterial composition was compared at the possible lowest-rank taxa, family/genus level. In the beta-diversity analysis, all the samples except the NC group formed one distinct cluster. Notably, the samples with pathogen and/or phage addition did not form each cluster even though the enumerated number of V. parahaemolyticus in those samples were extremely different. These discrepant results indicate that the feasibility of 16S rRNA short amplicon sequencing should not be overgeneralized in microbiological safety assessment of food samples, such as raw oyster.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2016

This study investigated the prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the oyster Crassostrea gigas, which is commonly consumed raw. The presence of virulence factors and the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates were also investigated. The overall prevalence rate of V. parahaemolyticus in oysters was 37.5% (36/96) and the range of concentrations was 30-11,000 MPN/100 g. PCR-based assays indicated that 9.6% (11/115) of the isolates were positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin gene (trh), while none of the isolates were positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh). The Multiple Antibiotics Resistance (MAR) index was measured for 16 common antimicrobial agents and 46.1% (53/115) of the isolates had a MAR index > 0.2. The MAR index ranged from 0.07 to 0.73. The highest MAR index was observed with strain s150608, isolated in June 2015, which exhibited resistance to 11 antimicrobial agents. Our results demonstrate that oysters are high-risk sources of V. parahaemolyticus, although no antimicrobial agent was being used to promote growth or to treat bacterial infections in the sampled oyster-growing areas.