• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2020

The cabbage extract of the research does not show cytotoxicity, and thus can be used safely. In an experiment performed on an animal model with liver injury induced by a drug (APAP), it could be seen that the cabbage extract exhibited the effects of protecting liver and improving liver function by effectively reducing AST and ALT which are liver injury markers, indicating that the cabbage extract is effective as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating liver disease. In particular, the cabbage extract was effective in treating inflammation of the liver by reducing the expression of the inflammatory mediators iNOS and COX-2 and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which are involved in acute inflammatory reactions accompanying liver injury. In the research, an extract of cabbage heat-treated at a temperature of 100 to 150℃ had a better liver function-improving effect or anti-inflammatory effect than an extract of raw cabbage.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.313-318
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• 1998

This study investigated the effect of raw soybean yellow(RSY) and raw soybean black(RSB) on body weights, pancreas weights, serum glucose and lipid concentrations of boty normal and diabetic male rats(Sprague-Dawley, body weight 338.8$\pm$19.2g). For each experimental, some rats were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneal(i.P.) to induce diabets, and other rats were injected with buffer i.P. as a control group. Body weight gain(BWG) was lower in rats fed both RSY and RSB diet(3.4~5.0g BWG) than in those fed control diet(58.1g BWG). The diabetic rats showed significant decrease of bo요 weight (-50~-67g) compared with the control rats. RSY and RSB feeding resulted in greater pancreatic weight relative to body weight, and diabetic rats fed RSY and RSB had heavier pancreatic weights relative to body weight than control rats. The levels of fasting serum glucose in diabetic rats fed both RSY and RSB decreased by 42 and 31%, respectively, compared with the diabetic control rats, but they increased by 80 and 110% compared with the normal control rats. The concentrations of total lipid, triglyceride, phospholipid and total cholesterol in serum of diabetic rats fed RSB diet were lower than those in control rats, but serum HDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio were not affected by raw soybeans feeding. Atherogenic index wa lower in diabetic rats fed RSY and RSB diet than those in control rats. The concentrations of total lipid, triglyceride and phospholipid in liver were lower in raw soybean groups than those in control group. The concentrations of cholesterol in liver of groups treated raw soybean were decreased compared with the control group.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.239-252
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• 1997

A questionnaire survey including stool examination for the parasite ova, skin test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of the liver fluke to find the factors related with the prevalence of the parasite infestation was done toward 118 residents living in three villages of Song-jung, Yi-jung, and Chim-gok of Okok-myun, Goksung County, South Cholla Province. The results are as follows : 1. The prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis ova by the stool examination was 46.6%. The sensitivity and specificity of skin test to egg-positive cases were 63.5% and 68.9%. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA to egg-positive clonorchiasis were 100% and 34.9%. 2. The prevalence of Clonchiasis was higher in male than in female. 45~64 year old group was the highest among age groups, and the longer the duration of living in the present residence was, the higher the prevalence was shown statistically significantly (p<0.01). 3. The present drinker had higher prevalence of Clonorchiasis significantly than the past drinker or non-drinker, and the more the frequency of drinking the higher the prevalence was shown significantly (p<0.05). 4. Those who took raw fish had significantly higher than persons who didn't take it or take cooked fish(p<0.05) and prevalence showed the tendency to be increased as the frequency to take raw fishes increased significantly(p<0.05). 5. Those who had taken a raw sweet fish(Plecoglossus altivelis) or snake-headed fish(Ophicephalus argus) showed significantly higher prevalence of infection with liver fluke than persons who didn't take the raw fish. 6. While 56.4% of persons infected with Clonorchiasis answered that they were healthy, only 13.0% of the subjects were careful for their health, and 41.8% experienced tests to diagnose liver flukes before they were examined by this survey. 7. While 56.4% of infected persons thought the prevalence was high in their community, 54.0% were afraid to be infected, 47.1% thought the infection might destroy their health, 25.5% took treatment drugs, and 18.2% took raw fish continuously after treatment. The above results confirmed that Goksung area was highly prevalent in Clonorchiasis, so it was necessary to push effective preventive program against liver fluke infection together with the program to diagnose and treat existing infected persons.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.249-251
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• 2012

There have been several reports on the relationship between toxocariasis and eosinophilia, but all have been limited to the areas of Seoul or Gangwon-do. In the present study, we investigated the seroprevalence of toxocariasis among eosinophilia patients in Chungcheongnam-do, the central district of Korea. Among the 101 patients tested, 51 (50.5%) were identified as positive by Toxocara ELISA, and 46 (45.5%) were confidently diagnosed with toxocariasis because of absence of any other cause of eosinophilia. Whereas 22 of 42 seropositive patients (52.3%) had a recent history of consuming raw livers, especially the cow liver, only 1 of 25 seronegative patients (4%) had done so (P<0.01). From these results, we could confirm that toxocariasis is related to eosinophilia, and infer that ingestion of raw cow liver plays a vital role in the transmission of toxocariasis in Chungcheongnam-do.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Samulhwalhyeol-tang (SM) in a hyperlipidemic animal model induced by a high-fat diet using diverse biological methods. Methods : This study was to determine whether fractionated EtOH extracts of SM inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells. Hyperlipidemia was induced by a high-fat diet fed for 6 weeks. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, liver function, cholesterol gene revelation control efficiency, and histologic change of liver were measured after oral administration of SM. Results : 1. Compared to the control group, ROS production (%) and NO production (%) were decreased significantly by SM. 2. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride were decreased significantly by SM. 3. HDL cholesterol was increased significantly by SM. 4. Rats' body weight and glucose were decreased significantly by SM. 5. AST, ALP were decreased significantly by SM. 6. In histopathologic examination, fatty liver and fiver fibrosis were inhibited, almost eliminated as round of fat was observed in the liver. Conclusions : SM would appear that effective in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, other cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver and nephrotic syndrome caused by hyperlipidemia.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.385-393
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper on Hoe (raw beef) is to investigate various kinds of its recipes, with equal focus on seasonings and sauces as well as its main and sub ingredients. The recipes of Hoe can be broadly classified into four large groups such as Salkogi Hoe(Red meat Hoe), Hankazi Naechang-yook Hoe(made from internal organs), Jap Hoe(1)(miscellaneous Meat Hoe) and Jap Hoe(II)(rolled with a whole pinenut) while the cook books written before 1945 indicate that the number of recipes reaches up to 21. The recipe of Salkogi Hoe comprises following three steps. Cut raw beef into thin strips and season them if necessary, then sprinkling sufficient pinenut powder on the strips. Its main sauce is hot pepper paste with vinegar. The recipe of Hankazi Naechang-yook Hoe uses kidney, manyplies, liver and tripes as main ingredients. Kidney should be thinly sliced with mixture of salt, seasame salt, seasame oil, and pepper as its seasonings. Regarding Manyplies, liver and tripes, there exists two possible ways to season them after cutting into strips. You can season with sesame oil and pepper or only with salt. Main ingredients of Jap Hoe(I) consist of beef, pork, kidney, manyplies, liver and tripes, among which minimum two ingredients are selected. Ingredients selected are sprinkled with pinenut powder after cutting into thin strips. And Hot pepper paste with vinegar is used as main sauce. The recipe of Jap Hoe(II) is to cut manyplies into pieces of 2Cm by 5 Cm without removing their black part and roll each piece with a whole peanut in such a manner that the peanut sticks from rolled piece.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.467-483
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• 2016

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of IUS (Inulsan, an extract of Artemisiae capillaris (茵蔯), Curcumae longae (鬱金), and Crataegi fructus (山査)) on anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation.Method: We administered water extracts of Artemisiae capillaris, Curcumae longae, and Crataegi fructus for three weeks to db/db mice (C57BL/Ks), animal models induced with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mice were divided into three groups: normal (C57BL/6J mice group), control group (db/db mice without administration of IUS) and IUS group (db/db mice treated with IUS). Then we measured total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride in the serum after the oral administration of IUS.Results: 1. IUS did not show any cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. 2. IUS decreased AST, ALP, and creatinine levelsand did not show any liver or renal toxicity in the db/db mice. 3. IUS increased DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and decreased ROS production in RAW 264.7 cells. 4. IUS significantly decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. IUS increased HDL cholesterol and significantly decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride in db/db mice. 6. IUS significantly decreased the atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor. 7. In contrast with the control group, fat infiltration in the liver and aorta decreased in IUS treated mice. The cell nucleus was located in the central area in H&E staining of liver. And endomembranes also were more thinner than the control group in H&E staining of aorta.Conclusions: These results suggest that IUS might be effective in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.609-615
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• 2012

A histo-pathogical examination was carried out to evaluate the effect of commercial extruded pellet (EP) and a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet on the health of juvenile rockfish cultured in marine net-cage for 7 months. Fish were distributed randomly to each net cage as a group of 76,000 fish (initial mean body weight 5.9 g). After 2 months, the hypertrophy or swelling of liver parenchymal cells was identified in most individuals and lasted until 7 months. Livers in EP fed group frequently showed hypertrophic parenchyma and fatty change with occasional atrophic cells. However, after 4 months, lymphocytic infiltration in splenic parenchyma was seen in a number of individuals. In addition, the gastric glandular epithelium was atrophied and in the lumen of renal tubules protozoan parasites were frequently identified but there was no correlation with the type of feed. Moreover, juvenile rockfish on EP diet showed gross and microscopic hypertrophy of the liver which would be due to oversupply of feed. Severe hepatic cellular hypertrophy or swelling could lead to the damage of microcirculation. Especially fatty change and atrophic change of liver could be the result from the damage, which could be responsible for immunological problem. Lymphocytic infiltration of spleen on the MP diet suggests that juvenile rockfish could be frequently exposed to infectious antigens.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.12-29
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• 2021

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Cheongpochukeo-tang (CCT) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with CCT and incubated with LPS (500 ng/ml) after 1 hour. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay to figure out cytotoxicity of CCT. The production of nitric oxide and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine were measured. And the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were examined to figure out molecular mechanisms of CCT's anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, mice survival rate and cytokine levels of serum were observed after treated with CCT. And mice liver tissues were observed and their cytokines levels in liver tissue were measured. Results: CCT did not have cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 cells. It inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, but showed an increase in NO by itself at 2 mg/ml concentration. CCT inhibited mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in a dose dependant and the activaton of MAPKs and NF-κB. In addition, CCT reduced mortality in the LPS-induced mouse model and inhibited production of cytokines in mouse serum and liver tissue. Conclusion: The results suggest that CCT could reduce LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting MAPKs and NF-κB activaton, NO production, and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. Thereby, CCT could be effective medicine for the inflammatory disease.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2009

Objectives : The present study investigated Inflammatory effect of Coptidis Rhizoma in lipopolysaccharideexposed rats and Raw 264.7 cells. Methods： The plasma concentration of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ peaked at 5 h after LPS injection, and the values of the Coptidis Rhizoma extract groups were lower than those of the control group. In the increment of cytokines concentration at 2 h and 5 h after LPS injection, the Coptidis Rhizoma groups were lower than that of control group. The plasma concentration of IL-10 peaked at 5 h after LPS injection, and the values of the Coptidis Rhizoma extract groups were higher than those of the control group. In the increment of cytokines concentration at 2 h and 5 h after LPS injection, the Coptidis Rhizoma groups were higher than that of control group. Liver cytokines measurement was done at 5 h after LPS injection. The concentration of liver IL-1$\beta$ and IL-6 in the Coptidis Rhizoma groups was lower than that of the control group. The concentrations of liver TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10 showed no significant differences among all the treatment groups. Results： In the studies of lipopolysaccharide-exposed Raw 264.7 cells, the concentration of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups was higher than that of control group (normal group), and in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups, these values showed a tendency to decrease in the Coptidis Rhizoma groups. The concentration of IL-10 in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups was higher than that of control group (normal group), and in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups, the values showed a tendency to increase in the Coptidis Rhizoma groups. Conclusions： These results indicate that the Coptidis Rhizoma extracts have an functional material for Inflammatory activities.