• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1073-1077
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• 2010

병원성과 독성을 포함하는 곰팡이속은 사람의 건강에 직접적인 영향을 끼치며, 수계에 분포할 경우 수처리 공정에서 소독과정을 방해할 뿐만 아니라 잔류염소의 유지를 어렵게 하여 여러 가지 맛과 냄새문제를 야기 시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 부산시 상수원으로 사용하고 있는 물금, 매리 지점을 대상으로 수계에 존재하는 곰팡이속에 대한 분포실태를 2009년 3월부터 10월까지 조사하였다. 곰팡이속은 4월에 최소, 9월에 최대 농도를 보이는 특성을 보였으며, 검출농도는 5~64 CFU/100 ml 범위로 분포하였다. 그리고 곰팡이 농도는 여러 가지 수질인자 가운데 수소이온농도, 수온 및 총대장균군과 상관관계를 보였으며 지점별로는 물금 지점이 매리 지점보다 개체수가 높게 나타났다. 검출되어진 곰팡이속을 대상으로 종 동정을 실시한 결과 Aspergillus fumigus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Mucor pusillus, Penicillum notatum 등 9종이 분리되었으며, 이중 Aspergillus flavus, Penicillum notatum이 우점종으로 조사되었다. 그리고 지점별로는 물금에서 6종, 매리에서 9종이 검출되어 매리 지점이 물금 지점보다 종 수는 많은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.701-708
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• 2008

As a countermeasure for reduction of corrosion in the delivery and distribution pipes used for tap water, materials for the pipelines in-houses and the effect of water quality on corrosivity of water pipelines were investigated in the distribution system of Han river. As the corrosion index at 6 water purification facilities of Han river, average Langelier Saturation Index (LI) of raw and finished water were -1.0 and -1.4 respectively and average Larson Index (LR) were 9.5 and 9.9, respectively. And also corrosion potential showed corrosivity in finished water (-431~-462 mV) as well as raw water (-426~-447 mV). This results indicate that tap water quality of han river have corrosivity. To understand the corrosivity effect in pipe material used for premise distribution system, water quality of stagnant tap water and tap water were analyzed and the differences between them were calculated. The difference concentration of iron, copper and zinc were $12.9{\mu}g/L$, $31.0{\mu}g/L$ and $45.0{\mu}g/L$ respectively in galvanized steel pipe for use more than 15 years and showed highest concentration. As a result, the control to corrosivity in the water pipelines, corrosivity control treatment in the water purification system can be applied. In advance it is necessary to monitor corrosivity of water quality using corrosive index because corrosivity may differ from the seasonal and regional characteristics and water chemicals dosage. For the future the guideline for corrosion index have to be established.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.665-672
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• 2008

It is necessary to implement the management plan for the production of safe and high quality drinking water from lake Paldang. To set up the plan, the water quality items such as BOD, T-P, SS and coliform were monitored for ten years, 1997~2006, and the influence of raw water quality on the drinking water treatment process and the treated water quality was also evaluated from 2004 to 2006. In conclusion, water quality items such as turbidity(SS), T-P(eutrophication), pathogens(fecal coliforms, enterovirus, reovirus, giardia, cryptosporidium), DOC(precursor of disinfection by-products), and micro-pollutants(phthalates, VOCs, heavy metals) are should be managed to get safe and high quality drinking water from lake Paldang.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.453-461
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• 2013

This study, changes in raw water quality is to indicate on the efficiency of ozone treatment of each pollutant as compared to derive the appropriate operating measures. The appropriate selection for injection rate of pre-ozone and did not inject pre-ozone assess changes in the water. When good water quality, you not injected of pre-ozone to evaluate the economic efficiency of electricity and put the most cost-effective ozone concentration were evaluated. Evaluation remove organic matter and chlorophyll-a concentration level in experiments with each factor of the water DOC> 2.5 mg/L, THMFP> 70 ${\mu}g/L$, Chl-a> 30 $mg/m^3$or less constant process, if you do not need to put pre-ozone showed little impact. It also does not put you in pre-ozone appropriate produce enough power rate savings was calculated as approximately 90 million won. Ability to remove organic materials and the ability to produce disinfection byproducts, and cost-effective decisions by considering the concentration of injection if pre-ozone 1 mg/L was investigated by the appropriate concentration of ozone injection.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the formation of DBPs(Disinfection By-products) such as trihalomethane(THMs) and haloacetic acid(HAAs) by chlorination in raw water and finished water of Water Treatment Plant(WTP). The formation of THMs was increased with the increase of pH and reaction time. HAAs was found as a high formation at a pH 7 and low formation at pH 9. THMFP(Trihalomethane Formation Potential) was the highest formation potential in raw water of Pu-1 and the lowest in raw water of Pa-1. In case of HAAFP(Haloacetic acid formation potential), So-1 showed the highest value, while Pa-1 showed the lowest value. It was investigated the relationship between HAAs and organic matters which were described as DOC(dissolved organic carbon) and $UV_{254}$. In both DOC and $UV_{254}$ versus HAAFP, Pu-1 showed the good correlation coefficients($r^2$) with 0.95 and 0.84, respectively. For three WTP investigated, DBPs(THMs + HAAs) was shown over the range of $42.00{\sim}49.36{\mu}g/L$. This result might be due to the different characteristic of organic matters in raw water and the difference of chlorine dosage for a water treatment.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권4호통권100호
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• pp.567-578
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• 2007

This study was designed to provide basic data for the application and practical use of vinegar disinfection for raw vegetable preparation in foodservice operations. The test materials were washed and disinfected by three different methods(tap water washing, chlorine water disinfection, vinegar disinfection) and stored at $3^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Then, their microbiological qualities were compared. Total plate counts increased over the course of the storage period, and all samples, except in the case of tap water washing, remained under the permitted limit until the 7th day of storage. In particular, vinegar disinfection showed the lowest increase in total plate counts(2.35${\sim}$4.03 log CFU/g). While the total plate counts of chlorine and vinegar disinfection were within the 6.00 limit of microbiological safety, the tap water washing treatment passed the permitted limit. The psychrotrophic counts increased steadily over the course of the storage period, and increased least at $3^{\circ}C$, however, the tap water washing showed the most drastic increase, while vinegar disinfection yielded the smallest increase.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.653-661
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• 2007

The Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products (D/DBP) Rule proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency requires the implementation of enhanced coagulation as a control strategy for natural organic matter (NOM) removal and as a means of limiting the formation of all DBPs, i.e., not just the trihalomethanes and haloacetica acids. To control DBP formation, several best available technologies (BATs) were determined for removal of DBPs and DBP precursors. The enhanced coagulation is one of the BATs for DBP precursors removal. Treatment facilities that achieve a specified percent removal of total organic carbon (TOC) prior to the application of a continuous disinfectant or that achieve a residual TOC concentration < 2mg/L prior to the application of a continuous disinfectant are considered to be in compliance with enhanced coagulation. The enhanced coagulation was applied to raw water in Korea, the Han River. Raw water were examined and effects of different raw water qualities on enhanced coagulation were investigated. Three analyses were used for raw water characteristics, water quality measurement, molecular weight distributions, hydrophobic/hydrophilic fractionation. The Han River had the relatively low alkalinity and low organic carbon concentration. The results of molecular weight distributions showed significant portions of low molecular weight organics, which is very different from most water in USA. The alum doses for the required TOC removal guided from USEPA manual were quite low (i.e. 10~30 mg/L alum) for the water, probably due to the specific water quality of the Han River.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1374-1380
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• 2007

유전자 검색법(PCR)은 환경시료중의 병원성 미생물을 검출하는데 있어서 전통적인 배양법이 가지고 있는 문제점을 보완할 수 있는 장점을 지니고 있다. 이러한 PCR을 이용하여 부산시 취수원과 정수공정별 지점을 대상으로 병원성 미생물의 검출과 분포특성에 대해 조사하였다. 2004년 8월에서 2005년 10월까지의 실험 결과에 의하면 상수원수의 92개 시료중 80개 시료에서(87.0%) 병원성 미생물이 검출되었고, Shigella spp. 46.2%, Yersinia spp. 40.7%, Legionella spp. 17.6% 그리고 Salmonella spp. 9.9%의 검출율을 각각 보였다. 원수중의 병원성 미생물은 늦은 가을에서 겨울에 걸쳐 주로 분포하는 특징을 보였으며, 지점별로는 매리 원수가 물금 원수보다 높게 검출되었다. 정수처리 공정별 실험에서는 Shigella의 검출빈도가 높았으나 모든 병원성 미생물은 후오존 처리 공정 단계에서 완전히 제거되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 부산시 정수장은 병원성 미생물에 대해 안전함을 알 수 있었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1996

This paper describes a fuzzy controlled pre-chlorination technique for purifying the pulluted raw water in water purification lants. For the purpose of obtaining the high quality water, the appropriate pre-chlorine dosage rate has to be continuously adjusted according to a change in quality of a intake raw water, weather, solar nergy mount, temperature and etc. Therefore, the method of expressing an expert's empirical knowledge cumulated from his past carrier by fuzzy reasoning and the fuzzy controller design technique is necessary.In this paper fuzzy membership functions and rules accordingto emprircal knowledge and experimental field data were obtained, And also fuzzy cintriller design using four feedforward components for the determination of pre-chlorine dosage rate and four feedback ones for the compensation of its dosage rate with residual chlorine and its change rate, was executed.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.699-705
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• 2007

본 연구에서는, 안산정수장에 구축된 수도시설 운영정보화 시스템에 의한 처리수질개선 등 정수장 효율개선효과를 평가하였다. 분석기간 동안의 안산정수장 생활용수 유입유량은 운영정보화 시스템이 구축되기 전인 2004년도보다 구축 후인 2005년도가 약 15.6% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 원수의 평균탁도는 2005년 12.37 NTU, 2004년 12.06 NTU로 비슷한 값을 나타내었으나, 연평균 응집제의 주입농도는 2005년도가 12.06 mg/L으로 2004년(10.31 mg/L)보다 다소 높은 것으로 나타났고, 정수탁도는 약간 개선된 처리효율을 나타내었다. 원수의 $COD_{Mn}$ 및 BOD 등의 분석결과, 2004년보다 2005년의 원수수질이 개선된 것으로 판단할 수 있었다. 정수의 $KMnO_4$ 소비량은 2004년(2.95 mg/L)보다 2005년은 1.25 mg/L로써 그 양이 줄어들었고, THMs의 농도도 2004년(0.038 mg/L)보다 2005년 0.025 mg/L로써 다소 개선되었다. 본 연구결과, 약품주입 등 정수장 운영은 운영 정보화 시스템의 구축에 의해 보다 최적의 상태를 도모할 수 있으며, 이에 따라 수질개선효과도 있음을 판단할 수 있었다.