• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.236-252
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to assess the microbiological quality of home-delivered meals during production and delivery for children from low-income families. Production flows from a facility in Seoul that provides home-delivered meals were analyzed and the time-temperature of the food was measured. Microbiological assessment was performed for the production environment, personal hygiene, and food samples at each production and delivery step based on the process approach. It took 2 hours or longer from completion of production to meal delivery. An aerobic colony count (ACC) and coliform were not detected at knives, cutting boards, and dish towels. However, ACC (at pre-preparation, preparation, and packing areas) and coliform (at the preparation area) were detected on the hands and gloves of employees. Air-borne bacterial counts varied according to day and preparation area (ND~6 CFU/plate/15 min). Food temperatures, on the completion of production and meal delivery, fell into temperature danger zones. ACC and coliform counts of raw ingredients did not decrease after pre-preparation (washing and sanitizing) for menus involving food preparation with no cook step. ACC decreased after cooking step for menus of food preparation with cook step, but the ACC of the stir-fried and seasoned dried filefish fillet on the completion of cooking was too numerous to count due to improper heating. The ACC of seasoned young Chinese cabbages (a menu with complex food preparation) increased during delivery (from 2.5 log CFU/ml to 5.0 log CFU/ml). This qualitative assessment of foodborne pathogens revealed that B. cereus was detected in vegetable and meat product menus. These results suggest time-temperature control is necessary during production and delivery and management guidelines during production of home-delivered meals are provided for safe production.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.66-75
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• 2015

Disposable diaper waste is consisted of plastic, fiber, and SAP (Super Absorbent Polymer). They are valuable to be used as raw materials of other products including plastic blocks and pulp mold. Nevertheless, disposable diaper waste have been disposed by landfill and incineration without recycling. Due to strict environmental regulations it is necessary to develop fractionation technique to recycle the disposable diaper waste. In this study the fractionation technique using pilot-scale stock preparation units was investigated. Process for separation of plastic and fibers from disposable diaper waste was composed by the combination of pilot-scale pulper, drum screen, screen and cleaner. Recovery rate of plastics and fiber was checked according to the various operating conditions. In drum screen, recovery rate of plastic was high when the cut size of disposable diaper waste was $5cm{\times}5cm$. The highest recovery rate of fiber was achieved with 0.3 mm slot screen. It is important to control the neutral state of SAP for improvement of recovery rate of fiber since SAP can be swelled easily in water. Therefore SAP can be controlled efficiently by the addition of calcium chloride into the pulper. Consequently recovery rates of plastics and fibers were over 90 and 80% under the optimum pilot operating conditions.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.533-547
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to examine the perception of golfwear and related trends based on major keywords and associated words related to golfwear utilizing big data. For this study, the data was collected from blogs, Jisikin and Tips, news articles, and web $caf{\acute{e}}$ from two of the most commonly used search engines (Naver & Daum) containing the keywords, 'Golfwear' and 'Golf clothes'. For data collection, frequency and matrix data were extracted through Textom, from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. From the matrix created by Textom, Degree centrality, Closeness centrality, Betweenness centrality, and Eigenvector centrality were calculated and analyzed by utilizing Netminer 4.0. As a result of analysis, it was found that the keyword 'brand' showed the highest rank in web visibility followed by 'woman', 'size', 'man', 'fashion', 'sports', 'price', 'store', 'discount', 'equipment' in the top 10 frequency rankings. For centrality calculations, only the top 30 keywords were included because the density was extremely high due to high frequency of the co-occurring keywords. The results of centrality calculations showed that the keywords on top of the rankings were similar to the frequency of the raw data. When the frequency was adjusted by subtracting 100 and 500 words, it showed different results as the low-ranking keywords such as J. Lindberg in the frequency analysis ranked high along with changes in the rankings of all centrality calculations. Such findings of this study will provide basis for marketing strategies and ways to increase awareness and web visibility for Golfwear brands.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1170-1175
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• 2007

We have examined the effect of water extract of Phellinus linteus, a raw material of Korean traditional herbal medicine, on the induction of HL-60 cell differentiation. The proliferation of HL-60 cell was inhibited dose-dependently by treatment with various doses of P. linteus extract. It also caused a significant change in NBT reduction (7.5 times). The expression of CD11b and CD14 was increased in the cells treated with the extract, especially in those arrested at G0/G1 stage, which suggested that some components in P. Linteus extract induced HL-60 cell differentiation to granulocytic and monocyte lineages. Moreover, the expression levels of $p21^{WAF1/CIP}$ and $p27^{KIP}$ were up-regulated during HL-60 cell differentiation induced by P. Linteus extract. These results together suggest that P. Linteus extract contains potential HL-60 cell differentiation agents.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.473-480
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• 2008

A high incidence of Anisakiasis has been reported in many countries where people eat frequently raw or undercooked seafood. Anisakis spp. larvae were obtained from the mackerel acquired from a fish market of Cheongju city. They were divided into several groups and placed in culture dishes containing RPMI-1640 (culture media), in the presence or absence of different concentrations of herbal extracts (Meliae ezadarach, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Quisqualis indica var villosa). The objective of the present study was to investigate the activity of larval migration inhibition in vitro. Meliae ezadarach at the concentrations of 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/ml effectively inhibited the larvae migration in time-dependent manner during experimental period of 0-24 h. Treatment of Meliae ezadarach at the three concentrations completely inhibited the larvae migration in vitro. Dryopteris crassirhizoma at the concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 mg/ml also effectively inhibited the larvae migration in a time-dependent manner. The treatment of Dryopteris crassirhizoma for 12 h completely inhibited the larvae migration. The inhibitory effect of Dryopteris crassirhizoma was stronger than that of Meliae ezadarach. Although Quisqualis indica var villosa also showed the inhibitory effect on larvae migration, its inhibitory efficacy was the weakest among tested herbal extracts. These results indicated that some herbal extracts may be useful in controlling human anisakiasis.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.188-192
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• 2006

The microstructures and mechanical properties of continuously porous $SiC-Si_3N_4$composites fabricated by multi-pass extrusion were investigated at different Si levels added. Si-powder with different weight percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) was added to the SiC powder to make the raw mixture powders, with $6wt%Y_2O_3-2wt%Al_2O_3$ as sintering additives, carbon ($10-15{\mu}m$) as a pore-forming agent, ethylene vinyl acetate as a binder and stearic acid ($CH_3(CH_2)_{16}COOH$) as a lubricant. In the continuously porous $SiC-Si_3N_4$ composites, $Si_3N_4$ whiskers like the hairs of nostrils were frequently observed on the wall of the pores. In this study, the morphology of the $Si_3N_4$ whiskers was investigated with the silicon addition content. In the composites containing of 10 wt% Si, a large number of $Si_3N_4$ whiskers was found at the continuous pore regions. In the sample to which 15 wt% Si powder was added, maximum values of about 101 MPa bending strength and 57.5% relative density were obtained.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2011

In Korea, chestnut production is increasing each year, but consumption is far below production. We investigated the effect of chestnut extracts on antioxidant activity and anticancer effects. Ethanol extracts of raw chestnut (RCE) or chestnut powder (CPE) had dose-dependent superoxide scavenging activity. Viable numbers of MDA-MD-231 human breast cancer cells, DU145 human prostate cancer cells, and AGS human gastric cancer cells decreased by 18, 31, and 69%, respectively, following treatment with $200{\mu}g/mL$ CPE for 24 hr. CPE at various concentrations ($0-200{\mu}g/mL$) markedly decreased AGS cell viability and increased apoptotic cell death dose and time dependently. CPE increased the levels of cleaved caspase-8, -7, -3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in a dose-dependent manner but not cleaved caspase-9. CPR exerted no effects on Bcl-2 and Bax levels. The level of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein decreased within a narrow range following CPE treatment. The levels of Trail, DR4, and Fas-L increased dose-dependently in CPE-treated AGS cells. These results show that CPE decreases growth and induces apoptosis in AGS gastric cancer cells and that activation of the death receptor pathway contributes to CPE-induced apoptosis in AGS cells. In conclusion, CPE had more of an effect on gastric cancer cells than breast or prostate cancer cells, suggesting that chestnuts would have a positive effect against gastric cancer.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2016

This project sought to conduct an economic feasibility study regarding the commercial production of bio-hydrogen by the marine hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 using carbon monoxide-containing industrial off-gas. We carried out the economic evaluation of the bio-hydrogen production process using the raw material of steel mill by-product gas. The process parameter was as follows: $H_2$ production rate was 5.6 L/L/h; the conversion of carbon monoxide was 60.7%. This project established an evaluation criterion for about 10,000 tonne/year. Inflation factors were considered as 3%. The operating costs were recalculated based on prices in 2014. The total investment required for development was covered 30% by capital and 70% by a loan. The operation cost for the 0.5-year test and integration, and the cost for the first three months in the 50% production period were considered as the working capital in the cost estimation. The costs required for the rental of office space, facilities, and other related costs from the construction through to full-scale production periods were considered as continuing expenses. Materials, energy, waste disposal and other charges were considered as the operating cost of the development system. Depreciation, tax, maintenance and repair, insurance, labor, interest rate charges, general and administrative costs, lubrication and miscellaneous expenses were also calculated. The hydrogen price was set at US$ 4.15/kg for the economic evaluation. As a result, the process was considered to be economical with the payback period of 6.3 years, NPV of 18 billion Won and IRR of 26.7%.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2020

Fish roe is among the most valuable food resources produced by fisheries. Raw fish roe requires processing for conversion into hygienic, marketable, and consumer-acceptable forms. In this study, to investigate the food compositional characteristics of various types of fish roe, we applied vacuum freeze-drying to prepare fish roe concentrates (FRCs) from roe of Alaska pollack Theragra chlcogramma, bastard halibut Paralichythys olivaceus, and skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis. The FRC yield ranged from 22.7 to 26.7 g/100 g roe. The major constituents of FRCs were protein (65.4-79.6%), moisture (2.8-6.2%), lipids (8.5-18.3%), and ash (4.8-7.2%). Potassium, sulfur, sodium, and phosphorus were the major mineral elements of FRCs, and the major amino acids were aspartic acid (9.0-10.4 g/100 g protein), glutamic acid (13.2-14.5 g/100 g protein), lysine (8.4-8.6 g/100 g protein), and leucine (8.3-9.7 g/100 g protein). Vacuum freeze-dried FRCs differed among fish species in terms of amino acid composition and electrophoresis protein band distribution. Therefore, FRCs are an excellent source of protein nutrition and an appropriate protein fortification material in human foods or animal feed.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.567-574
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the sensory and mechanical characteristics, moisture content and color values of Hongwhasulgi by varying the quantity of Safflower seed powder and the types of sugar used. As a result of the quantitative analysis, it was found that as more Safflower seed powder was added to the non-glutinous rice powder, the tastiness, sweetness and coarseness of the resultant rice cake tasted almost the same as that of the raw seeds. When the quantity of the seed powder was the same, Hongwhasulgi with sugar added was moister than that with oligosaccharide, and as more seed powder was added, the rice cake became less chewy. The preference of flavor did not differ significantly among the samples. As a result of analyzing the texture, Hongwhasulgi with more Safflower seed power added and oligosaccharide used exhibited greater hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness but lower cohesiveness, whereas springiness did not differ significantly among the samples. The moisture content of Hongwhasulgi ranged from $32.35{\sim}39.87%$. Hongwhasulgi with the sugar added was significantly moister than that with oligosaccharide added(p<0.05). Based on the above results, it is considered that the most desirable mix ratio for Hongwhasulgi is non-glutinous rice powder 190 g(95%), Safflower seed power 10 g(5%), sugar 20 g, salt 2 g, and water 35 mL.