• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2008

In order to reproduce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion as it occurs in human aging and Alzheimer's disease, we introduced permanent, bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (BCCAO) in rats (Farkas et al, 2007). Here, we induced BCCAO in two different rat strains in order to determine whether there was a strain difference in the pathogenic response to BCCAO. Male Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (250-270 g) were subjected to BCCAO for three weeks. Kluver-Barrera and cresyl violet staining were used to evaluate white matter and gray matter damage, respectively. Wistar rats had a considerably higher mortality rate (four of 14 rats) as compared to SD rats (one of 15 rats) following BCCAO. Complete loss of pupillary light reflex occurred in all Wistar rats that survived, but loss of pupillary light reflex did not occur at all in SD rats. Moreover, BCCAO induced marked vacuolation in the optic tract of Wistar rats as compared to SD rats. In contrast, SD rats showed fewer CA1 hippocampal neurons than Wistar rats following BCCAO. These results suggest that the neuropathological process induced by BCCAO takes place in a region-specific pattern that varies according to the strain of rat involved.

• 약학회지
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2015

We compared impulsive behaviors in Wistar rats and in Wistar-Kyoto rats. There was no significant difference in locomotor activity between them. However, Wistar rats showed high activity in 5-choice serial reaction time track. When Wistar rats were treated with atomoxetin (3 mg/kg), methylphenidate (2 mg/kg) or amphetamine (2 mg/kg), they showed less impulsive behavior. Serotonin contents in prefrontal cortex and brain stem also increased. In conclusion, we suggest that Wistar rats could be used as animal model for impulsive behavior analysis. In addition, serotonin might be related with this impulsivity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.643-650
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• 2017

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a group of heterogeneous diseases with the common feature of cerebral hypoperfusion. To identify key factors contributing to VaD pathophysiology, we performed a detailed comparison of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats subjected to permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo). Eight-week old male Wistar and SD rats underwent BCCAo, followed by a reference memory test using a five-radial arm maze with tactile cues. Continuous monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was performed with a laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) system. A separate cohort of animals was sacrificed for evaluation of the brain vasculature and white matter damage after BCCAo. We found reference memory impairment in Wistar rats, but not in SD rats. Moreover, our LDPI system revealed that Wistar rats had significant hypoperfusion in the brain region supplied by the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Furthermore, Wistar rats showed more profound CBF reduction in the forebrain region than did SD rats. Post-mortem analysis of brain vasculature demonstrated greater PCA plasticity at all time points after BCCAo in Wistar rats. Finally, we confirmed white matter rarefaction that was only observed in Wistar rats. Our studies show a comprehensive and dynamic CBF status after BCCAo in Wistar rats in addition to severe PCA dolichoectasia, which correlated well with white matter lesion and memory decline.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to examine the hypoglycemic effect of chlorella in 6 week-old type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK, n=30) rats and 6 week-old normal Wistar (n=30) rats. Animals were randomly assigned to 3 groups respectively, and were fed three different experimental diets containing 0%, 3% or 5% (w/w) chlorella for 8 weeks. In diabetic GK rats, the insulinogenic-indices were not significantly different among the groups. The concentrations of fasting plasma glucagon and hepatic triglyceride, and the insulin/glucagon ratios of the GK-3% chlorella and GK-5% chlorella groups were significantly lower than those of the GK-control group. The HOMA-index and the concentrations of fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin of the GK-3% chlorella and GK-5% chlorella groups were slightly lower than those of the GK-control group. In normal Wistar rats, the insulinogenic-indices were not significantly different among the normal groups, but that of the Wistar-5% chlorella group was slightly higher than the other groups. The concentrations of fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin, and the HOMA-index of the Wistar-5% chlorella group were a little higher, and the fasting plasma glucagon concentration and the insulin/glucagon ratio of the Wistar-5% chlorella group were significantly higher than those of the Wistar-control and Wistar-3% chlorella groups. In conclusion, this study shows that the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was not affected by the intake of chlorella, which could be beneficial, however, in improving insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic GK and normal Wistar rats.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1997

The hematology and clinical chemistry data based on the well defined normal data are essential in the safety assessment. It is important that normal values of cliniclal pathology parameters would be optimized to be accurate. So the purpose of this experiment was to compare the ranges of normal data in hematology value and serum chemistry between both sexes of F344 and Wistar rats at 5, 10, 20, 40 and 90 weeks. of age. The neutrophils eosinophils and monocytes increased with age in male Wistar rats. And serum total bilirubin and potassium were highest and alkaline phosphatase was lowest at 90 weeks in Wistar rats. As compared with Wistar rat the serum aspartate aminotransferase of F344 rats increased with age in both sexes but inorganic phosphorus decreased with age. The serum alkaline phosphatase decreased with age and potassium was highest at 90weeks. These normal data would be useful in improving the accuracy of clinical pathology value in the safety assessment.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.354-363
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the adverse effects of Rasaraj Rasa tablets after repeated oral administration for 180 days in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five groups, of which three were treated with 54, 162, and 270 mg/kg body weight of Rasaraj Rasa, respectively, which correspond to one, three, and five times the proposed human therapeutic dose, for 180 days consecutively. The fifth group (satellite) also received 270 mg/kg body weight of Rasaraj Rasa for 180 days. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly. At the end of the study, all rats were sacrificed, and their blood, serum, and organs were collected and examined using hematology, serum biochemistry, gross pathology, and histopathology tests. In contrast, the satellite group was kept for 4 weeks after treatment. Results: No significant treatment-related toxicological findings were observed in the clinical features, body weight, laboratory findings, and pathological findings of the high-dose treated groups, when compared to those of the control group. Conclusion: The no-observed-adverse-effect-level for Rasaraj Rasa in Wistar rats is set at 270 mg/kg body weight.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.277-282
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• 1992

국내에서 카리니주폐포자충(Pneumocystis carinii, 이하 Pc) 연구에 적합한 동물모델을 개발하고자, 총 7종류 의 실험동물(흰쥐, 기니픽, 햄스터, 개, 고양이, 토끼 및 돼지)에 methyl prednisolone(Depomedrol", Korea Upiohn Ltd.)을 주사하여 면역억제를 유발하고 폐를 슬라이드 글라스에 문질러 도말표본을 만들었다. 도말표본을 Diff Quik 염색 후 광학현미경으로 관찰하여 Pc의 감염전도를 음성 (0), 0.5+, 1+, 2+ 및 3+의 5등급으로 구분하였다. 실험동물 중 흰쥐에서만 Pc폐염이 유발되고 다른 동물에서는 Pc를 관찰하지 못하였다. 대부분 의 동물은 전신쇠약의 증세를 보였으며, 대체로 면역억제 6주경부터 사망하기 시작하였다. 흰쥐의 경우 실험한 세 계통 모두에서 감염을 확인하였다. Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐의 경우 총 136마리 중 86마리63.2%)가 Pc 감염 되었고, Fisher 휜쥐는 76마리 중 63마리 (82.9%)에서, Wistar 흰쥐는 106마리 중 77마리 (72.6%)에서 Pc 감염 이 양성이었다. 감염정도와 시기에서도 차이가 있어서 Wistar 흰쥐에서 더 이른 시기에 높은 감염정도로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 Pc 병원체를 얻기에는 흰쥐 세 계통 중 Wistar 흰쥐가 Pc연구에 가장 적합한 실험동물이고 그외의 실험동물은 Pc 감염에 적합하지 않음을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.253-261
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• 1989

장기적으로 소금량을 다르게 섭취시킴에 따라서, 체내의 Na 대사에 관여하는 호르몬인 aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 및 renin 분비와 신장의 배설 반응에 나타나는 변화를 정상 혈압쥐 Wistar와 spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)에서 비교하고자 실험하였다. 생후 7주의 숫쥐인 Wistar와 SHR에게 저염과 고염 식이 (각각 2, 25 mmol Na/100 g diet)를 6주간 먹였다. 그 후 ether 마취하에서 대퇴 동맥과 정맥 및 방광에 관을 삽입한 후, restraining cage에 넣었다. 수술회복 후 안정시 뇨와 혈액을 채취한 후, 0.9% saline을 30분동안 체중의 3%되게 정맥주입(혈장량 증가)하고 뇨와 혈액을 채취하였다. 혈장의 호르몬을 방사면역법으로 측정하였다. Wistar와 SHR의 저염, 고염 식이군의 성장률에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. Wistar 저염과 고염군의 평균 동맥혈압은 각각 113과 110 mmHg로 차이가 없었으며, SHR의 동맥압은 141과 149mmHg로 고염군이 높았다. 저염식이군에서 혈장 aldosterone농도는 고염군보다 월등히 높았고, ANP 농도는 차이가 없었으며, renin은 고염군보다 낮았다. 혈장량 증가 이후 혈장 aldosterone은 모든 군에서 $30{\sim}40%$정도 감소하였고, renin은 $30{\sim}60%$정도 감소하였다. 혈장량 증가 이후 ANP는 증가하였는데 고염군에서의 증가도가 저염군에서보다 월등히 높았다. 혈장량 증가 이전의 Wistar군의 혈장 aldosterone과 renin의 대조치 값은 SHR보다 유의하게 높았고, ANP 농도는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 혈장량 증가 이후의 Wistar와 SHR의 aldosterone과 renin의 감소정도는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, ANP의 증가도는 Wistar가 SHR보다 높은 경향을 보였다. 호르몬들 중에서 혈장 aldosterone과 renin사이에는 양의 대수함수 관계가 있으며, 기울기는 고염군이 저염군보다 유의하게 높았다. 혈장량 증가 이후에 나타나는 뇨량과 소금 배설률의 증가 정도는 고염군과 저염군 사이에 차이가 없었다. 그러나 SHR이 Wistar보다 더 심한 이뇨와 Na 배설항진 반응을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 소금 섭취량에 따라서 aldosterone, ANP 및 renin의 분비 조절이 다르며, 정상 혈압과 고혈압쥐 사이에서도 차이가 있음을 시사해 주고 있다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.413-417
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• 2000

The effect of ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal damage on the memory impairment were investigated using active avoidance and Morris water maze tasks in Wistar rats. Focal ischemia was induced by 1 h occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) of Wistar male rats. Reperfusion was induced by releasing the occlusion and restoring the blood circulation for 24 h. The acquisition and preservation memory tested by active avoidance showed a significant difference between the sham and ischemia/reperfusion group. The water maze acquisition performance was also significant difference between sham and ischemia/repefusion groups in both latency and moving distance. The infarction volume was increased by the ischemia/reperfusion. Furthermore, the cresyl violet staining of the ischemia/reperfusion brain showed severe neuronal damage (pyramidal cell loss) in the cortex in addition to the striatum lesion of brain. This study shows that pyramidal cell damage in the cortex lesion may be partially related to memorial disturbance in the ischemia/reperfusion brain injury.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2008

Non processed onion (Allium cepa L.) powder or onion powder processed with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin+1%$ calcium chloride+1% soluble starch solution was added to the diet of 16 week old Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) for 5 weeks. 36 SHR and Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 diet groups, each of six. They were named control, NPO (non processed onion), PO (processed onion). The rats of the control group were fed diet without onion powder. To NPO and PO groups were added 5% of non processed onion and processed onion, respectively. Body weight gain, food efficiency ratio (FER), blood pressure, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and Na excretion of urine and feces were analyzed. The processed onion and non processed onion diet reduced body weight gain without affeting the total food intake in Wistar rats (p<0.05). The body weight gain was lowest in Wistar rats fed with a diet with processed onion powder. The rats fed with diet containing PO or NPO had lower blood systolic blood pressure in SHR (p<0.05). The effect of onion powder on decreasing the blood pressure was not significant in Wistar rats. The ACE activity in lung was lowered in the SHR fed with either PO or NPO (p<0.05) compared to those fed with control diet. The urinary Na excretion was significantly lower in SHR than Wistar rats. The effects of PO and NPO on increasing the urinary and fecal excretion of Na were significant (p<0.05). These results suggest that onion processed with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin+1%$+1% calcium chloride+1% soluble starch solution to reduce volatile flavor, browning and caking preserves an antihypertensive effect of non processed onion.