• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 대유역의 홍수모의가 가능한 연속형 강우-유출모형을 개발하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 가변저류변수와 유출곡선지수를 기반으로 하는 시단위 지표유출량 산정방법을 개발하였으며 수문성분을 토양수분에 대한 연속방정식에 적용하여 연속적인 강우에 대한 토양수분 모의가 가능하도록 모형을 구성하였다. 또한 유출수문성분과 유역 저류함수모형을 연계하여 유역에 대한 연속적인 유출모의가 가능하도록 하였으며 하도 저류함수모형을 이용하여 대유역에 대한 유출모의가 가능하도록 모형을 개발하였다. 대상유역은 낙동강 유역을 채택하였으며 2006년(보정기간) 및 2007~2008년(검증기간)의 홍수기간 동안 본류와 지류에 위치한 8개 유량관측지점에 대해서 모형의 정확도 평가를 수행하였다. 모든 평가지점에서 모의유량이 관측유량과 유사한 결과를 보이며 보정기간과 검증기간의 모형효율성계수는 각각 0.81~0.95와 0.70~0.94 범위의 우수한 결과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 강우에 대한 토양수분의 거동과 수문 성분 발생량에서도 합리적인 결과를 도출하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 연구에서 개발된 연속형 강우-유출모형은 대유역의 홍수예측에 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2001

본 연구는 광안벼를 공시하여 지연일장의 인공기상실(21$^{\circ}C$ 및 24$^{\circ}C$)과 포장 조건에서 파종기(최초 파종 일 4월25일, 최종 파종일 6월 5일) 이동에 따른 온도와 일장 변화가 출엽 및 출수기 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토하여, 일장에 따른 최종엽수 추정모델을 설정하였으며, 이 모델과 온도에 따른 출엽속도 모델을 결합하여 출수기 예측모델을 설정하여 모델의 출수기 추정 정확도를 검증하였다. 1. 포장에서는 4월 25일 이후 파종기가 늦을수록 생육기간 중 평균기온은 높아진 반면, 포장과 인공기상실 양 조건에서 일장감응기간(6엽기부터 유수분화기)중의 평균일장은 짧아졌다. 이에 따라 일장만 관여한 인공기상실에 비해 온도와 일장이 함께 관여한 포장에서 파종시기에 따른 출수소요일수 단축정도가 크게 나타났다. 2. 일장감응기간의 일장이 길어짐에 따라 최종엽수(FNL)가 증가하였으며, 이 관계는 다음과 같은 Rational 함수로 잘 표현이 되었고($R^2$=0.98),이를 광안벼의 최종엽수 추정모델로 설정하였다. 여기서 D는 일장이며, a,b,c는 상수로서 각각 14.694, -0.992, -0.068로 추정되었다. 3.온도에 따른 출엽속도 모델과 일장에 따른 최종엽수 모델로 구성된 출수기 예측 모델을 구성하였으며, 모델 설정에 이용되지 않은 포장실험 자료를 이용하여 검증한 결과 추정된 출수기는 예측오차가 1-2일로 추정 정확도가 높았다.

• 복식
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.63-78
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• 2008

Since 1960, minimalism has been one of the fashion phenomenon and turned out in many different ways. After postmodernism which contains negotiation and pluralism, appeared in 1980, there was a new wave of post minimalism that inherited 1960's minimalism. Minimal style which come out of 60's fashion, is marked by simplicity, minimal expression, and monochrome color, and it shows up simple style with no decoration. It opened up a young fashion period, and we saw minimal style in sports wear which utilized simplicity and function with spread of sports in the 70's. And also since 1980, Post-Modern widely influenced the idea about modern culture as well as complicated clothes getting rid of fixed concept, seeking to break the boundary between culture and life which were seek in fashion and personality as well as various characteristic, Accordingly in different ages, The style and image were borrowed from different culture and natural environment mixing the image, cultural phenomena like these appearing in complexity and expression, variety and possibility of new vision was expanded. Since 1980, Fashion has become more gradually diversity, high classed, required of each individuality. The phenomenon of fashion reappearance which was influenced by minimalism is continued to 2000. The Oriental style fashion is still attracted, so The new term "Ethic Minimalism" has appeared along with the trends which is put together. Therefore the purpose of this study is to search the concept and the characteristics of ethnic minimalism, to consider the relationship between minimalism and ethnic minimalism, and reveal the characteristic of ethnic minimalism happened to modern fashion. The study method went through literature research and practice research. The range of this study is oriental fashion spanning of from 1960 to current day. Photo records from this period show well the spirit of the oriental and the personality of minimalism. The oriental representative designer and western representative designer are centered Consequently, The formative characteristics of ethnic minimalism are simple, pure, unbalanced free style and representing the phenomena of compromise, blending oriental and western fashion. Structually, Elements of space and plane are emphasized, colors are restricted, and materials are composed mainly of natural fiber. So, minimalism based on simplicity combined with a structure of oriental spiritual depth and space, It could be called ethnic minimalism as a rational fashion.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.178-187
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• 2005

경사식 방파제에서 파랑과 구조물의 상호작용에 의하여 발생되는 처오름에 대한 파고i주기결합분포의 영향을 해석할 수 있는 신뢰성 해석 모형이 제시되었다 처오름과 관련된 파괴모드의 정의에 따라 수면의 불확실성에 따른 영향을 해석할 수 있는 신뢰함수가 유도되었다. 특히 신뢰함수에 주기가 하나의 확률변수로 포함되어, 주기의 통계적 특성과 분포함수가 직접적으로 고려될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 평균주기에 따른 파고분포의 거동특성이 조건부파고분포에 의해 올바로 고려될 수 있었다. 주기의 영향을 받지 않는 유의파고의 극치분포를 이용한 신뢰성 해석의 결과와 비교하여, 파고-주기결합분포를 이용한 신뢰성 해석이 극치분포를 이용한 신뢰성 해석보다 더 큰 파괴확률을 추정한다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 중요한 구조물인 경우, 극치분포를 이용하여 경사식 방파제의 마루높이가 결정되더라도 단일 폭풍사상에 대하여는 파고-주기결합분포를 이용한 추가적인 해석이 필요하다. 한편 주기의 분포함수에 영향을 주는 계수에 따른 신뢰지수의 거동특성이 해석되었는데, 이에 따른 영향은 매우 작은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 평균주기에 의한 파고분포의 거동에 따른 신뢰지수의 차이는 큰 것으로 나타났다 이는 파괴확률에 미치는 주기의 영향이 파고분포를 통하여 주로 발생된다는 것을 의미하는 것이다. 마지막으로 수면 변동 효과를 고려한 합리적인 마루높이 산정을 위해 마루높이의 변화에 따른 파괴확률을 산정하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.967-976
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• 2010

우수관의 성능이 한계상태(performance limit state)에 도달할 확률을 정량적으로 산정할 수 있는 FORM(First-Order Reliability Model)의 AFDA(Approximate Full Distribution Approach) 신뢰성 모형을 개발하였다. 우수관망에서 각각의 관으로 유입하는 유량이 그 관의 허용 가능 배출량을 초과하여 성능한계상태에 도달할 때 이를 파괴상태(failure state)라 정의하여 신뢰함수를 수립하였다. 우수관거로의 유입량은 합리식, 유출량은 Manning의 공식을 적용하였다. 또한 신뢰성 해석을 위한 관련 확률변수들에 대한 통계적 특성과 분포함수에 대한 해석이 수행되었다. 강우자료의 불확실성 해석에서 우리나라 여러 중소도시에 대한 연 최대강우강도의 확률분포가 Gumbel 극치분포함수와 일치함을 확인하였다. 개발된 신뢰성 모형을 Y자형 우수관망에 적용하여 성능한계상태가 발생할 확률, 즉 파괴확률(probability of failure)을 정량적으로 산정하였다. Manning의 공식을 이용하여 우수관의 직경 변화에 따른 파괴확률의 거동특성을 분석하였다. 특히 문경과 대전의 50년 재현기간을 갖는 설계 강우강도에 대한 우수관의 파괴확률을 산정한 결과에 의하면, 관의 직경이 특정수치 이하일 경우 파괴확률이 급격히 커지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 실제 우수관의 유효직경이 설계직경에 가깝도록 항상 관내 불순물을 제거하는 것이 파괴확률을 줄이는 최선의 방법임을 의미하는 것이다. 또한 우수관 시스템의 경우 여러 개의 관이 모여 하나의 관으로 흘러 들어가는 경우가 많으며 이 경우 다중파괴유형(multiple failure mode)을 적용하여 시스템이 파괴상태에 도달할 확률을 정량적으로 산정하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 신뢰성 모형은 우수관의 운용, 관리, 감독은 물론 설계에 활용이 가능 할 것이다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.533-546
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• 2007

본 연구는 턴키 발주공사의 전면적인 재설계 과정에서 원가절감과 사용자 중심의 요구조건을 충족 시킬 수 있는 여러 방법들 중에서 설계 VE(Value Engineering: 가치공학) 프로세스를 적용한 연구이다. 본 연구에서는 설계 VE 프로세스를 사용하여 합리적이고 실용적인 기능분석 프로세스를 단계별로 정립하였다. 설계 VE가 가지고 있는 문제점으로 프로젝트 시행 시기별 적용 프로세스를 계획단계에서 분석할 수 없는 한계점이 있었으며, 또한 대형프로젝트 수행 과정에 초기분석 및 검증을 할 수 없었다. 본 연구에서는 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 기법을 도입하여 설계 VE가 가지고 있는 문제점을 보완하고, 효율성과 안전성 등을 증명하였다. 기존에 적용해 온 VE기법은 항만시설물 건설에 적용시 시공분야에만 국한하여 적용됨으로써 기능 및 건설비 절감에는 기여하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 본 연구에서 제안한 VE 대상선정 방법에 의하여 기능분석 프로세스를 합리적이고 실용적으로 개선함으로써 재설계 VE 수행절차를 효율적으로 개선 할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 최적화시킨 VE 기법을 항만시설공사에 실제 적용시킨 결과 약 46억 원의 공사비를 절감하는 효과를 거두었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 유사프로젝트에 적용 할 경우 VE를 효과적으로 달성 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.226-241
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• 2010

This study details the history and characteristics of consumption values, text style analyses, and appeal types expressed in magazine commercials from 1955 to 2008. This study analyzes the level of the social structure of commercial expression for each period. Consumption values based on the categories of consumption values by Sheth (1991) were classified through a total commercials analysis. Analyses on closing types of sentences, types of sentences, and rhetorical figures were executed focusing on headline text and text style. Appealing types were composed of rational, emotional, and ethical appeals. For analysis, the crosstab analysis and chi-square test of SPSS are used. The results are as follow. Seven values were constructed, functional value, social value, emotional value, conditional value, epistemic value, fashionable value, and indistinct value. The ratio of emotional value was the highest and functional value, epistemic value conditional value, fashionable value, social value, and indistinct value followed. The emotional value social value, conditional value, fashionable value, and epistemic value that focused on the emotion of consumers increased, while the functional value decreased. Sentences that use narrative styles, hyperboles, and metaphors that increased the interest of readers were dominantly used in the headline texts. For sentence expression, a declarative sentence in a sentence type, exciting curiosity in the expression method where hyperbole and figures of speech in rhetorical expressions are used most often. Emotional appeal was used almost twice more than the reasonable appeal for appeal types of the total commercial. The lower level of reasonable appeal is information that provides the product function. Interest and expression (such as pleasure and achievement) were used most often for emotional appeal. These results show that the most important issue is the emotional value in consumption in understanding the consumer. Marketing managers should also be aware of the functional value as well as an emotional value.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-55
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• 1990

Every country in the world has been trying to expand the basic health right for the peoples as W.H.O has established the goal 'health for AU' by the year of 2000. Related to this goal, our government authority has establish the policy 'the insurance of health for all' into effect from July 198\). Recently hospitalshave been making a ceaseless effort for the plan for the rationalization of its management the academic World is making it a subject of discussion by doing the secure of manpower at a resonable level and the increase of productivity by the manpower. As a result of the efforts the study was established to secure the numbers of nursing manpower at a resonable level and use the unskilled persons at the utilizing field and seek the possible area of their activity for more efficient service through the investigation of ablity of simple nursing activities of regiestered nurses and nurse aides for rational function according to the educational levels and talents. The method of study was established by the registered nurses and nurse and nurse aides(R.N 229, N.A 226) who are working in 15 hospitals with over 200 beds. This surrey was conducted from Mar 29, 1989 to April 8, 1989. The method to test the degree of importance, difficulties, and the abillity of performance of a simple nursing activities was classified into 35 activities on the basis of references on this field. The degree of importance was composed from point l(Not so important) to 5(Very important). the degree of difficulties. was composed as follows; very easy - Point 1 very difficult and complicated - Point 5. and the ability of performance was composed from point 1 to 5. The materials gathered through the survey were analyzed with frequency, mean standard deviation, percentage. t-test, Anova, pearson's coefficient of correlation, stepwise multiple regression. factor analysis, discriminant analysis. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. The recognition values of the simple nursing activities of each group of registered nurse and nurse aides show; The degree of importance; 4.04 and 4.26 The degree of difficulties; 2.72 and 2.94 The ability of performance; 2.07 and 2.38 The brief summary shows there are little differences between who two groups the simple nursing activities turned out to be easy and simple work. 2. Regardless of the degree of importance, and difficulties, the ability of performance the important in fluencing of the degree of the simple nursing activities between the registered nurses and nurse aides was the order of educational level, hospital career, working career in wards and ages of the registered nurses and ages and hospital creer of nurse aides. The result was that the simple nursing activities could easily be familiar through the training of their working environment and period of experience. 3. Among the 35 simple nursing activities the items capable of resonable entrusting to the nurse aides are 5 that is helping bed-bathing, 8itz Bath, using bed pan, care while delivering patient, accompaying patient when visitor's check. There wasn't and differences between RN and nurse aides in performing the above 5 items. In anywhere. so we can say obviosuly that this nursing activities should be performed under the nursing system of which chief of nurse are supposed to supervise nurse aides as a possible function to be entrusted. In view of the above mentioned results, therefore, this partial functional job of the simple nursing activities can able be entrusted to the nurse aides through the regular training course. In case of these functional activities could be entrusted under, the responsibility of registered nurse, we can able suggest to for that there are the following advantages: 1.. In the nursing activities-affairs, the qualified guarantee of the nursing services can be kept and increased or promotoed with accommodation of the required nursing service and roles being expanded presently. 2. In the productivity of the hospital manpower, therefore, we have comt to view and consider in favourly that when an automational administration times would be come in the near future time to hospital affairs as a reality, to utilize the existing nures aides is better rather than investing so as to develop the other source manpowers or seek its for the efficient business management in the operational strategy or its policy.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제24_2집
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• pp.231-270
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• 2015

This thesis examined Chu Hsi's self-cultivation theory as the representative theory of cultivation in Confucianism, while juxtaposing it to self-cultivation theory in Daesoon thought, concentrating on its similarity and difference. Neo-Confucianism is a scholarship which has wielded a tremendous influence upon East Asia, while functioning as an official scholarship for long period up to Yuan, Ming, and Ching period, after achieving its synthesis by Chu Hsi. After 13th century, Neo-Confucianism has been a representative academic system in Confucianism, and self-cultivation theory was in its center. It suggested various virtues that classical scholars have to equip to fulfill the sainthood and the politics of royal road. The self-cultivation theory of Chu Hsi was developed upon the basis of the theory 'Li-Qi' and the theory of mind. Here, the practice of Geokyung(morally awakened state with a reverent spirit in every moment) and Gyeokmul-tsiji(reaching into the utmost knowledge through investigation of things) formed a nucleus of Chu Hsi's self-cultivation theory. While Geokyung was to reveal one's true nature through cultivation of mind, Gyeokmul-tsiji was to demonstrate the complete use of mind's essence and function. Chu Hsi's self-cultivation theory attempted to realize the unity of heaven and man, and through cultivating self and governing people, it also tried to achieve its ideal of the society of Great Union(Daedong). Daesoon Thought is originated from Sangjenim who has descended to this world as a human being called Jeungsan. He went on his circuit to rectify the disorder of heaven and earth for 9 years to rectify the Three worlds of heaven, earth and human being which were faced with total annihilation due to its rule of mutual conflict, while creating an earthly paradise. Respecting the will of Sangjenim, Dojunim established the foundation of Do through launching 'Meukeukdo' and setting tenet, creed and object so that the cultivators (Doins) could believe and respect the truth of Sangje's great itineration (Daesoon). Among those, the two components of creed, which are four fundamental principles and the three fundamental attitudes are of great account as precept and cardinal point. Through this means, the cultivators of Daesoonjinrihoe aspire to guard against self-deception through transforming the human spirit, to realize earthly immortality through renewing human beings, and to create an earthly paradise through transforming the world. This thesis attempted to compare and analyze the theory of self-cultivation in Neo-Confucianism and Daesoon Thought in the aspect of ground, method, and object of cultivation. First, as for the ground of cultivation, the doctrines of Chu-tzu and Daesoon thought place the essence of cultivation on 'heaven'. Yet, whereas the former postulates Taekeuk (the Great Ultimate) as a principle as well as the heaven of a natural order, Daesoon thought postulates Sangenim as the heaven of superintendence as well as the heaven of a natural order, signified as its equation of Daesoon with circle, along with the unity of Meukeuk (Endlessness) and Taegeuk (the Great Ultimate). Further, the doctrine of Chu-zhu and Daesoon thought is identical in the point that both thoughts see mind as the subject of cultivation, while trying to restore a pure essence. Nevertheless, whereas Neo-Confucianism intends to give scope to ability of the complete use of mind's essence and function, Daesoon Thought sees mind as the essence which is used by spiritual beings and as an organ that heaven, earth and human being rely upon as the center of the universe. In the aspect of method of cultivation, the doctrine of Chuzhu lays emphasis on the rational factor in that it brightens its 'myung-deoki'(bright inner virtue),' while trying to correspond to the law of heaven on the basis of 'Geokyung' and 'Gyeokmul-tsiji.' On the contrary, Daesoon thought lays much emphasis on faith factor in that it aspires for human perfection based on the restoration of conscience by cultivating Daesoonjinri with sincerity, reverence and faith along with 'quieting the heart-mind', 'quieting the body', 'respecting the God of the Ninth Heaven', and 'observing ritual practice on the basis of the faith in Sangjenim. Yet, both thoughts have similarities in that cultivation of body forms the basis and that they attempt to realize their ideals through cultivation in daily life while taking 'Guarding against self-deception' as the key method of self-cultivation.' However, the principle of Chu-zhu can be said to be a voluntary and autonomous practice based on scripture of the saint as well as self-reflection. On the other hand, Daesoon thought reveals certain difference in that it combines faith factor with one's self-effort by concentrating on cultivation under the presence of Sangjenim as the object of belief and the spirits of heaven and earth. In the aspect of object of cultivation, both thoughts share similarities in that the saint and the perfected gentleman with a moral virtue as an ideal image of men in both thoughts attempt to realize each of their 'myung-deok' in human nature as a heavenly mandate while respecting morality. Further, they also share similarity in the point that the desirable characters in both thoughts want to participate in harmonious creation and nurturance. Yet, the perfected gentleman with a moral virtue is also characterized by its aim for a new heaven and earth where there is no mutual conflict but mutual beneficence, by promoting the moral influence and virtue of Sangjenim over one's own virtue, while practising the mutual beneficence of all life through harmonious union of divine beings and human beings.