• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2017

The fog screen is a device projecting the media to the aerosol flow field. As major parameters to generate dense and steady fog screen, shear stress, optical blockage ratio and SMD were obtained result through experiment. The micro droplet was generated by the piezo oscillation element, and the aerosol flow mixed with an air flow was sprayed into the vertical direction from the top of the fog screen through the 280 mm slot. For produce a dense, uniform fog screen, the shear effect, optical blockage ratio and SMD between aerosol and air curtain were measured. The minimum and maximum shear stress conditions were selected and it was confirmed that the optical transmission deviation of the aerosol flow field was small when the aerosol and air curtain flow rates were changed. When the aerosol and air curtain flow power were 18 V (1.51 m/s) and 24 V (2.55 m/s), respectively, under the condition of the minimum shear stress and laminar flow, the optical blockage ratios with the spray length were small, and it produced a most stable and high density uniform fog screen by injecting a constant of $10{\mu}m$ or less.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2015

A parametric study on the shapes of bobsleigh bumpers has been performed to reduce the aerodynamic drag. Effects of geometric parameters, such as leading angle of leading bumper, the ratio of minimum width to maximum width of leading bumper, the ratio of leading bumper length to trailing bumper length, trailing angle of trailing bumper, and the ratio of bumper height to installation location of bumper from the bottom of bobsleigh, on the aerodynamic performance of the bobsleigh were estimated using 3-D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The turbulence was analyzed using the shear stress turbulence model. Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter of the external flow channel was in the range of 150,000~1,000,000. Numerical results for drag coefficient were validated compared to experimental data. Ranges of the five geometric parameters were determined according to the rule of Federation Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobaganning. The aerodynamic performance of the bobsleigh sled was most sensitive to the leading angle of leading bumper and the ratio of minimum width to maximum width of leading bumper.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1966

In a polarized light field, triangular plate bracket specimen of CR-39 with lightening hole were subjected to tension. The variables of the models used in the experiment were taken in the range of length-depth $ratio=0.583{\sim}1.715$, eccentricity of lightening hole from the geometrical center of $bracket=-1/4"{\sim}+1/4"$, and the lightening hole $diameter=1/2"{\sim}2"$. The isoclinics were drawn and from those the stress trajectories were constructed. Then the distributions of boundary stress around the lightening holes were determined from the isochromatic fringe pattern. The conclusions reached in this investigation are as follows: 1. Maximum stresses of the hole boundary are gradually increased when the diameter of the lightning hole increase. 2. Maximum stresses of the lightning hole boundary are decreased gradually when the eccentricity of the lightning hole from the geometrical center of the bracket to the farther side from the free end. 3. If the minimum distances from the free end of the brackets to the lightening hole boundaries are equal, the variation of the maximum stresses are in a small range for the change of lightening hole diameter and its location. 4. When the length-depth ratios are smaller than 0.8, the maximum stresses increase steeply. In the range of $0.8{\sim}1.2$ maximum stresses increase gradually and thereafter increase rapidly when the length-depth ratio of the bracket increase for the same diameter of a lightening hole.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2015

This study examined the effects of the minimum horizontal load on the structural behaviors and safety of system supports. The minimum horizontal load was frequently ignored in the design of system supports even though the level of that load was specified in the code and guide in Korea such as 'Standard Specification in Temporary Construction' and 'Guide to Installation of Shores for a Concrete Bridge'. To examine the effects of considering the minimum horizontal load, the finite element analysis were performed for various system supports. By varying installing parameters of system supports such as the vertical member spacing, the installation height, and the thickness of slab, the maximum combined stress ratios were estimated to investigate the structural safety of system supports. The results showed similar axial stress in vertical members but an increase in bending stress with a consideration of the horizontal load. The combines stress ratios are remarkably increased due to the consideration of the horizontal load. Consequently, the system supports, which were initially estimated to be safe when only the vertical loads were considered, were changed to be unsafe in most cases by the effects of the both the vertical and horizontal stresses. Therefore, the minimum horizontal load following the code and the guide is an essential load that could control the structural safety of system supports.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 MCE를 적용한 콘크리트 댐 피어부의 동적소성해석을 통한 내진성능평가 수행 시 소성재료모델, 성능수준 평가 방법에 대한 현행 기준의 적용성을 검토하고 개선안을 제시하였다. 다양한 조건으로 동적소성해석을 수행하여 소성재료모델에 대한 적용성을 검토하였고, 그 결과 현행 댐 내진성능평가요령에서 제시하는 평균응력-평균변형률 기법은 최소철근비가 확보되지 않은 조건에서 동적탄성해석으로 예측한 결과보다 피어부의 응답을 과소평가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 최소철근비가 확보되지 않은 댐 피어부는 무근콘크리트로 간주하여 콘크리트 인장거동특성에 파괴에너지를 적용하는 방법으로 피어부 성능수준을 평가하도록 하는 개선안을 도출하였다. 개선사항 적용할 경우 현행 내진성능평가 방법보다 보수적인 평가결과를 도출할 수 있다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2001

본 연구는 화재에 노출된 철근콘크리트 부재의 휭 강도를 평가하기 위한 해석적 연구로서, 고온을 받는 단면에 대한 모멘트-곡률 관계를 구하는 것이다. 해석적 방법으로는 부재 단면에 대한 열전도 해석을 수행한 후 여러 가지 가열 조건에 대한 콘크리트와 철근의 응력-변형률 관계를 이용하여 모멘트-곡률 관계의 해석을 수행한다. 본 연구의 해석 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 고온에 대한 철근콘크리트 부재의 잔존 휭 강도는 가열시간, 콘크리트 피복두께, 인장철근비의 영향을 받는다. (2) 고온을 받은 후의 잔존 휭 강도는 최소 철근비일 때는 상온시의 강도를 회복하지만, 최대 철근비의 50%일 때와 최대 철근비 일 때는 회복하지 않는 경향을 나타낸다. (3) 최대 철근비를 가진 철근콘크리트 부재는 가열 후 냉각상태에 대하여 철근이 항복하기 전에 콘크리트가 한계상태에 도달하는 경향을 나타낸다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

Apical surgery cuts off the apical root and the crown-to-root ratio becomes unfavorable. Crown-to-root ratio has been applied to periodontally compromised teeth. Apical root resection is a different matter from periodontal bone loss. The purpose of this paper is to review the validity of crown-to-root ratio in the apically resected teeth. Most roots have conical shape and the root surface area of coronal part is wider than apical part of the same length. Therefore loss of alveolar bone support from apical resection is much less than its linear length.The maximum stress from mastication concentrates on the cervical area and the minimum stress was found on the apical 1/3 area. Therefore apical root resection is not so harmful as periodontal bone loss. Osteotomy for apical resection reduces longitudinal width of the buccal bone and increases the risk of endo-perio communication which leads to failure. Endodontic microsurgery is able to realize 0 degree or shallow bevel and precise length of root resection, and minimize the longitudinal width of osteotomy. The crown-to-root ratio is not valid in evaluating the prosthodontic prognosis of the apically resected teeth. Accurate execution of endodontic microsurgery to preserve the buccal bone is essential to avoid endo-perio communication.

• 지질공학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2007

한반도 남동부 지역 총 84개의 시추공에서 수행된 수압파쇄시험과 오버코어링시험 자료를 수집하여 현생 응력의 방향과 크기를 분석하였다. 한반도 남동부에 작용하는 평균 최대수평주응력 방향은 $N66^{\circ}{\pm}31^{\circ}E$로 나타났다. 주응력간의 상대적인 크기는 대부분의 지역에서 최대, 최소 수평주응력(${\sigma}_H,\;{\sigma}_h$)에 비해 연직응력(${\sigma}_v$)이 가장 작은 thrust fault stress regime을 보였다. 측압계수(K, 수평응력/연직응력) 연구지역의 북동부(삼척과 울진 포함)와 남서부(양산과 거제 포함)에서 상대적으로 높은 값(2.2

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권6C호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2009

실트함유량 변화에 따른 낙동강 모래의 반복전단강도 특성을 살펴보고자 낙동강 유역에 분포하는 모래와 실트를 채취하여 실트함유량 0~50%의 범위로 실내에서 재성형된 실트질 모래시료에 대하여 일련의 비배수 반복삼축실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 실트함유량 변화에 따른 반복횟수(N) 10에서의 반복전단응력비(CSR)는 모든 상대밀도에서 실트함유량 5%에서 최대였고, 20%에서 최소를 보였다. 반복비($N/N_L$)에 따른 간극수압비(${\Delta}u/p^{\prime}$) 관계로 부터 분석된 간극수압의 발달 경향은 실트함유량에 따른 CSR 크기변화와는 무관하였다. 압밀 후 간극비(e)와 skeleton 간극비($e_s$)를 비교해 본 결과, 전반적으로 실트함유량에 따른 CSR의 변화 경향과 일치하여 실트함유량에 따른 CSR은 실트질 모래의 전단거동에 영향을 미치는 모래만의 간극비인 skeleton 간극비($e_{s}$)에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.647-652
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• 2000

This paper was utilized the STKM13C tubes for machine structural purposes model, inner radius was 100 mm and outer radios was 140 mm, axial length was semi-infinite and the isoparametric element was used. Radial, tangential and shearing stress occured the maximum stresses(-20, 52 and 26 MPa) at the inner radius and the minimum stresses at the outer radius. of the hydraulic actuator cylinders for an industrial systems. But negative signs have meaning compressive stress and stress diminution ratio was about 0.15 MPa/mm And then coincidence between the simulation and exact results(Lame' equation) is found to be fairly good, showing that the proposed analytical by BEM are reliable.