• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2023

The labor environment in Korea has changed and problems related to employment types are treated as important issues. Especially, the ratio of irregular workers has not only increased relatively, but the labor conditions in Korea also have worsened in the current years. Studies have reported an association between temporary workers and the prevalence of diseases. However, there is insufficient research on chronic disease and employment types. Methods: The current study examines the prevalence rate of diseases and health behavior by categorizing employment types among Korean adults. Data were obtained from the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Totally, the data of 2,366 workers (1,239 regular and 1,127 irregular) were analyzed in the study. The types of employment were classified by a questionnaire querying about working conditions. The results showed that irregular workers earned less than regular workers and had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. We propose that if discrimination related to working conditions were relieved, irregular workers would be able to invest more time to exercise and doing check-ups regularly. In addition, individual nutrition consultations considering the knowledge and personal environmental factors of each individual are necessary for the improved health of all workers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.2 s.46
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• pp.242-257
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• 1994

In Korea, female workforce has reached more than 40% of total working population, but the effects of work on spontaneous abortion are yet to be examined. This study as conducted to investigate the occupational effects on spontaneous abortion. Medical insurance claim data were used to examine the effects of the employment status and industry of employment on spontaneous abortion. The study population was composed of females, aged $15{\sim}44$, who were the beneficiary of medical insurance in the month of June, 1993. The working females covered by medical insurance for industrial workers, had the highest age-adjusted Spontaneous Abortion rate (SAB rate=claim frequency of spontaneous abortion/claim frequency of complication of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium), 6.65% whereas female dependants of medical insurance for industrial workers had the lowest age-adjusted SAB rate, 4.54%. Among industrial workers, the workers in manufacturing industry had the highest age-adjusted Spontaneous Abortion ratio(SAB ratio=claim frequency of spontaneous abortion/claim frequency of completly normal delivery), 43.2/100 whereas those in financing and service industry had age-adjusted SAB ratio, 16.2/100 and 20.5/100, respectively. The results of the study suggest the adverse effect of manufacturing Industry on reproduction. Work environments such as chemical exposures, overwork, awkard posture, and job stress should be further studied for their effects on reproductive functions of female.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 2021

Purposes: This study aims to identify factors affecting dental university hospitals' profitability and understand recent their business condition. Methodology: Data from 2016 to 2019 was collected from financial statement, public open data in 8 dental university hospitals. For the study, multiple regression test with stepwise selection was applied. Findings: First of all, 9 out of 19 independent variables were selected by stepwise selection. As a result of multiple regression test with selected independent variables and the dependent variable(operating profit margin ratio), the factors affecting hospitals' profitability were the number of dental unit chair, hospital location, debt ratio, total capital turnover ratio, employment cost rate, material cost rate, management expense rate, the number of patient per a dentist. Practical Implication: To improve dental university hospitals' profitability, hospitals specifically analysis and manage their cost such as employment, material and management cost and seek effectiveness by managing the proper number of patient per a dentist.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.39-62
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to investigate determinants of firms' workforce reduction ratio in Korea, utilizing a dataset surveyed by Korea Labor Institute in 1999. We hypothesize that firms' employment structure has an effect on their workforce reduction ratio. Our findings indicate that the ratio of the layoffs and/or the buyouts is higher, as the average tenure of employees is longer. The findings also indicate that the unionization as a proxy variable for the intensity of the seniority-based pay moderates positively the effect of employees' tenure on the workforce reduction ratio, implying that the more seniority-based the pay system is, the higher positive effect the average tenure of employees has on the workforce reduction ratio.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.355-383
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• 2010

In this study, the effects of skill-utilization based underemployment on self-esteem and mental health were examined. Also the moderating effects of employment commitment and social support were verified. Data obtained by a longitudinally designed survey with the reemployed (N=153) after job loss were used. The skill-utilization based underemployment was measured in two ways. One is measured in the way that use objective data, the ratio of education - 'educational requirement for the current job' divided by 'individual educational attainment.' The other is measured in the way that use psychological and self-reported measure, two factors of overqualification - the absence of opportunity for growth (no-growth) and the occupational mismatch in educational attainment, skills and experiences (mismatch). The main effect revealed that the no-growth made self-esteem lower and mental health (GHQ-social maladjustment) worse. The significant interaction of the ratio of education and employment commitment indicates that the negative effects of underemployment measured by the ratio of education on mental health (GHQ-social maladjustment, GHQ-depression/anxiety) were greater for those perceiving low employment commitment than for those perceiving high employment commitment. The significant interaction of the ratio of education and social support indicates that the negative effects of underemployment measured by the ratio of education on mental health (GHQ-depression/anxiety) were greater for those perceiving low social support than for those perceiving high social support. The two moderators also interacted with the two factors of perceived overqualification. Employment commitment had significant interaction effects with the no-growth and the mismatch on self-esteem and mental health (GHQ-depression/anxiety), whereas social support had a significant interaction only with the no-growth on mental health (GHQ-depression/anxiety). The significant interactions show that employment commitment and social support function as buffers in reducing the negative effects of skill-utilization based underemployment on self-esteem and mental health.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.785-792
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• 2021

Objectives: Dental hygienists are an essential human resource in dental service organizations. However, there are several important persisting problems faced by them, that need to be solved. The purpose of this study was to explore the current situation in dental hygiene education institutions, number of active dental hygienists, and employment distribution across South Korea. Methods: The study gathered statistics of dental hygiene educational institutions, the ratio of active dental hygienists and the number of dental hygienists working across South Korea from officially reviewed websites. Results: Daegu and Gyeongbuk regions house the most number of colleges with dental hygiene programs. The Daejeon and Chungnam regions had the most universities with dental hygiene programs. The activity ratio of dental hygienists decreased every year. Dental hygienists' employment was highly focused in the Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces. Conclusions: The survey data can be used as basic data for future dental hygienist education to cope with the shortage of active dental hygienists and regional imbalances. This could prove useful to consider the employment of dental hygienists appropriately.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.293-319
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• 2018

This study analyzed the determinants of employment for the regular workers in the industrial type, and the results are as follows. First, 73.2% of companies use outsourcing as of 2015, and manufacturing (83.7%) is 20% p higher than non-manufacturing (63.7%). Over the past 10 years, the rate of outsourcing increased by 88.7% in manufacturing and 44.2% in non-manufacturing. Second, as a result of estimating the determinants of employment for regular workers, the variables of labor income distribution, operating profit, sales, R & D expenditure, foreign capital ratio significantly increase the employment of regular workers, while outsourcing, capital intensity, Were estimated to significantly reduce employment. Third, as a result of subdivision of industrial type and estimation of the effect of outsourcing on employment, it decreased employment of regular workers in all types. The size of influence was the biggest decrease in 'basic material type' in manufacturing industry and 'distribution service type' in non - manufacturing industry.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.63-99
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• 2019

This paper estimates the effect of the minimum wage increment on employment and work-hour of new workers in Korea using the data from the Survey on Labor Conditions by Type of Employment (SLCTE) from 2008 to 2017. We construct worker groups by sex, age, and education to mitigate endogeneity problem in estimating the effect of minimum wage increment. The result shows that the minimum wage increment leads to decrease of new employment and increase of the ratio of new workers who work less than 15 hours per week. Especially, women, the elderly, the youth, and under high school education level group are sensitive to the minimum wage increment.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2013

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between employment transitions and suicide ideation among the echo generation. Methods: This study used survey data from the 2008 and 2010 Seoul Welfare Panel Study (Wave I, II). The sample population was restricted to the echo generation aged between18 and 31, and the total of 882 samples were included in the final dataset. Employment transitions were categorized into four groups. The groups were defined as 'employed-employed', 'unemployed-employed', 'employed-unemployed', and 'unemployed-unemployed'. We used logistic regression to find out the association between employment transitions and suicide ideation among the echo generation. Results: 'Employed-unemployed' and 'unemployed-unemployed' groups were likely to have an association with depression (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46 to 1.51; OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.56 to 1.59) accordingly. 'Unemployed-unemployed' group also was related to suicide ideation (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.36 to 1.42). Interestingly, 'unemployed-employed' group showed a strong association with suicide ideation among the echo generation (OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 3.75 to 3.95). Conclusion: Experience in unemployment increases the risk of depression and suicide ideation. Moreover, the precarious job also increases the risk of suicide ideation.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.53-66
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• 2022

Aim : The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the awareness level of the mandatory employment system for the disabled and the help of the employment increase on the health status of the disabled. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to raise awareness of the compulsory employment system for the disabled and to suggest a way to improve the health of the disabled. Methods : In this study, the first data of the second wave of the 2016-2018 Employment Panel Survey for the Disabled was used to analyze the participation of the disabled in economic activities. a total of 1,648 subjects were analyzed using the chi-square test and generalized estimating equation (GEE). Results : Compared to the group knowing about the compulsory employment system for the disabled, in the group who did not know about the compulsory employment system, the cognitive level was significantly higher for subjective health status (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.573, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.252-1.977) and chronic diseases (OR: 1.407, 95% CI: 1.091-1.816), Compared to the group that the compulsory employment system for the disabled is helpful in increasing employment, the group that said it was not helpful at all had depression feel (OR: 2.330, 95% CI: 1.219-4.452) and subjective health status (OR: 2.052, 95% CI: 1.232. -3.416) significantly affected. Conclusion : It was found that the lower the level of awareness and help of the compulsory employment system for the disabled, the negative impact on their health status. Therefore, it is necessary to promote employment growth by raising awareness of the employment system for the disabled. Furthermore, in order to improve the health of the disabled, public relations plans to increase the understanding of the disabled on the system and policies to protect the disabled people who lose their will to work due to difficulties in accessing employment were enacted, and Changes to a disability-friendly working environment should be activated so that participants can participate.