• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between being underweight and respiratory function indicators such as pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and diaphragm thickness in normal adults without lung disease. METHODS: The participants in this experiment were thirty young adults. To compare the respiratory function between the underweight and normal weight individuals, 15 participants were selected from each of the underweight and normal weight groups based on body mass index. Respiratory function tests were conducted through pulmonary function tests and respiratory muscle strength tests. Diaphragm thickness was measure with ultrasonography, and physical characteristics were obtained from grip strength and waist circumference. An independent t-test was used to compare the averages of the parameters measured in the two groups. RESULTS: In the respiratory function tests between the two groups, statistically significant differences (p < .05) emerged in the ratio of the predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC), the ratio of the predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (%FEV1), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and diaphragm thickness at the functional residual capacity (FRC). There was no statistically significant difference in the forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, maximal inspiratory pressure, diaphragm thickness at the total lung capacity, and thickening ratio (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Decreases in some variables of respiratory function, such as the %FVC, %FEV1, MEP, and diaphragm thickness at the FRC were observed in underweight subjects. However, it is difficult to determine whether it affected the overall respiratory function. Future studies are needed to clearly identify the relationship between being underweight and respiratory function.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

다공성인 콘크리트에서는 외부의 수분 및 염화물 유입이 발생하며, 이는 매립된 철근의 부식을 야기한다. 본 연구에서는 촉진부식실험(ICM: Impressed Current Method)를 이용하여 10 V의 전압을 인가하였으며, 이에 따라 10 % 수준까지 부식량을 조절하였다. 부식량은 부식전류량 누계와 선형적인 관계가 도출되었으며, 균열의 영향으로 부식 유도 시간에 따라 2차 함수의 형태로 증가하였다. 부착응력에 대해서는 OPC 콘크리트에 대해서는 부식량 3.0 % 이후 급격한 부착응력의 감소가 발생하였다. 또한 치환률 30 %의 슬래그 콘크리트에서는 일반 콘크리트에 비하여 51.4~71.6 %의 낮은 부식량을 나타내었으며 5일간의 촉진실험에도 일정 수준의 부착강도를 유지하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.265-279
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• 2019

The self-centering capacity and energy dissipation performance have been recognized critically for increasing the seismic performance of structures. This paper presents an innovative steel moment frame with self-centering steel reinforced concrete (SRC) wall panel incorporating replaceable energy dissipation devices (SF-SCWD). The self-centering mechanism and energy dissipation mechanism of the structure were validated by cyclic tests. The earthquake resilience of wall panel has the ability to limit structural damage and residual drift, while the energy dissipation devices located at wall toes are used to dissipate energy and reduce the seismic response. The oriented post-tensioned strands provide additional overturning force resistance and help to reduce residual drift. The main parameters were studied by numerical analysis to understand the complex structural behavior of this new system, such as initial stress of post-tensioning strands, yield strength of damper plates and height-width ratio of the wall panel. The static push-over analysis was conducted to investigate the failure process of the SF-SCWD. Moreover, nonlinear time history analysis of the 6-story frame was carried out, which confirmed the availability of the proposed structures in permanent drift mitigation.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 공칭인장강도 800MPa급 고강도강재(HSA800)로 제작된 중간주의 중심압축실험을 통해 좌굴강도를 평가하여 현행 구조설계기준(KBC2009, 2010 AISC-LRFD) 기둥곡선의 비탄성영역 적용성 여부를 검토하였다. 강도로 무차원화한 판폭두께비와 판단부 지지조건 및 기둥 세장비를 변수로 하였으며, 고강도강재와 일반강재의 좌굴거동 차이 여부를 확인하기 위해 일반강재(SM490)로 제작된 비교실험체를 포함시켰다. 실험결과 중심압축을 받는 모든 HSA800 중간주 실험체는 현행 강구조기준의 설계좌굴강도를 충분히 발휘하였으나 일부 SM490 실험체는 설계강도를 하회하였다. 이는 고강도강재의 잔류응력에 의한 강도저하가 일반강재에 비해 작기 때문으로 판단된다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

고강도 콘크리트는 구조적인 장점에도 불구하고 화재 시 폭렬과 함께 취성적인 파괴를 나타내는 단점으로 인하여 실구조물에 적용 시 주의하여 사용하여야 한다. 고강도 콘크리트의 폭렬제어를 위하여 폴리프로필렌 섬유(PP섬유)의 혼입이 효율적인 것으로 콘크리트 공시체를 대상으로 한 여러 내화실험결과를 통하여 보고되었다. 또한 초고강도 콘크리트의 강도발현을 위하여 필수적으로 사용되는 실리카흄은 콘크리트의 수밀성을 높여 폭렬현상이 더욱 심하게 발생할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 PP섬유의 혼입량과 실리카흄 치환율을 변수로 하는 고강도 철근콘크리트 기둥부재의 내화실험 및 잔존강도 실험을 수행하여 고온 시 각 변수들이 폭렬현상에 미치는 영향 및 잔존강도를 분석하였다. 실험결과 PP섬유 혼입량을 0%에서 0.2%까지 증가 시킬수록 기둥의 폭렬정도가 감소하고, 잔존 압축강도비는 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 실리카흄을 7%, 14% 및 21%로 증가시킬수록 기둥의 폭렬정도는 크게 변화하지 않았으나, 잔존 압축강도비는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.685-695
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• 2020

The connection performance between cross-laminated timber (CLT) walls and support has the greatest effect on the horizontal shear strength. In this study, the horizontal shear performance of CLT walls with reinforced connection systems was evaluated. The reinforcements of metal bracket connections in the CLT connection system was made by attaching glass fiber-based reinforcement to the connection zone of a CLT core lamina. Three types of glass fiber-based reinforcement were used: glass fiber sheet (GS), glass fiber cloth (GT) and fiber cloth plastic (GTS). The horizontal shear strength of the fabricated wall specimens was compared and evaluated through monotonic and cyclic tests. The test results showed that the resistance performance of the reinforced CLT walls to a horizontal load based on a monotonic test did not improve significantly. The residual and yield strengths under the cyclic loading test were 38 and 18% higher, respectively, while the ductility ratio was 38% higher than that of the unreinforced CLT wall. The glass fiber-based reinforcement of the CLT connection showed the possibility of improving the horizontal shear strength performance under a cyclic load, and presented the research direction for the application of real-scale CLT walls.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

In this study, CT specimens were prepared from spring steel(SPS5) processed shot peening. The fatigue crack growth tests were carried out in the environment of the room temperature md low temperature at $25^{\circ}C$, $-30^{\circ}C$, $-50^{\circ}C$, $-70^{\circ}C$ $-100^{\circ}C$ and $-150^{\circ}C$ in the range of stress ratio of 0.05 by means of opening mode displacement. The threshold stress intensity factor range ΔKth in the early stage of fatigue crack growth (Region I) and stress intensity factor range $\Delta$K in the stable of fatigue crack growth (Region II) were decreased in proportion to descend temperature. It was shown that the fatigue resistance characteristics and fracture strength at low temperature are considerable higher than those of mom temperature in the early stage and stable of fatigue crack growth region.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.167-182
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• 2018

The modeling of loss of bond between reinforcing bars (rebars) and concrete due to corrosion is useful in studying the behavior and prediction of residual load bearing capacity of corroded reinforced concrete (RC) members. In the present work, first the possibility of using different methods to simulate the rebars-concrete bonding, which is used in three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) modeling of corroded RC beams, was explored. The cohesive surface interaction method was found to be most suitable for simulating the bond between rebars and concrete. Secondly, using the cohesive surface interaction approach, the 3D FE modeling of the behavior of non-corroded and corroded RC beams was carried out in an ABAQUS environment. Experimental data, reported in literature, were used to validate the models. Then using the developed models, a parametric study was conducted to examine the effects of some parameters, such as degree and location of the corrosion, on the behavior and residual capacity of the corroded beams. The results obtained from the parametric analysis using the developed model showed that corrosion in top compression rebars has very small effect on the flexural behaviors of beams with small flexural reinforcement ratio that is less than the maximum ratio specified in ACI-318-14 (singly RC beam). In addition, the reduction of steel yield strength in tension reinforcement due to corrosion is the main source of reducing the load bearing capacity of corroded RC beams. The most critical corrosion-induced damage is the complete loss of bond between rebars and the concrete as it causes sudden failure and the beam acts as un-reinforced beam.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.559-567
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• 2018

Technological innovations in sustainable materials for soil improvement have attracted considerable interest due to energy crisis and environmental concerns in recent years. This study presents results of a comprehensive investigation on utilization of nanocarbons in reinforcement of a residual soil mixed with 0, 10 and 20% bentonite. Effects of adding proportionate quantities (0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 and 0.2%) of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers to soil samples of different plasticities were evaluated. The investigation revealed that the inclusion of nanocarbons into the soil samples significantly improved unconfined compressive strength, Young's modulus and indirect tensile strength. It was observed that carbon nanofibers showed better performance as compared to carbon nanotubes. The nanosized diameter and high aspect ratio of nanocarbons make it possible to distribute the reinforcing materials on a much smaller scale and bridge the inter-particles voids. As a result, a better 'soil-reinforcing material' interaction is achieved and desired properties of the soil are improved at nanolevel.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.443-458
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• 2005

Steel angles are widely used in roof trusses as web and chord members and in lattice towers. Very often angle members are connected eccentrically. As a result, not only an angle member is under an axial force, but it is also subject to a pair of end eccentric moments. Moreover, the connection at each end provides some fixity so neither pinned nor the fixed end represents the reality. Many national design codes allow for the effects due to eccentricities by modifying the slenderness ratio and reducing the compressive strength of the member. However, in practice, it is difficult to determine accurately the effective length. The concept behind this method is inconsistent with strength design of members of other cross-sectional types such as I or box sections of which the buckling strength is controlled by the Perry constant or the initial imperfection parameters. This paper proposes a method for design of angle frames and trusses by the second-order analysis. The equivalent initial imperfection-to-length ratios for equal and unequal angles to compensate the negligence of initial curvatures, load eccentricities and residual stresses are determined in this paper. From the obtained results, the values of imperfection-to-length ratios are suggested for design and analysis of angle steel trusses allowing for member buckling strength based on the Perry-Robertson formula.