• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 1998

Background: Lung cancer continues to increase worldwide. Also, the proportion of female patients incease and adenocarcinoma is the predominant histological type among lung cancer in many western countries. So, we studied these current trends of lung cancer by clinical approach of recent patients from our department Method: We conducted a retrospective analysis on 212 subjects who were diagnosed with lung cancer at the department of chest medicine in National Medical Center between January 1990 and July 1996. The contents of analysis were patient's profile, clinical manifestation, smoking habits, accuracy of diagnostic methods, histological cell type, staging and treatment, etc. Results: The results were as follows. 1) The ratio of male to female was 5.2 : 1. The peak incidence of age was 7th decade(35.4%). 2) Chief complaints were cough, dyspnea and chest pain, etc. The most common duration of symptoms before the first admission was less than 3 months(57.7%). On the other side, duration more than 1 year represented 6.5%. The early diagnosed patients has been increased from the 1980s. 3) Smokers among the total patients were 77.2%. The proportion of smokers in sqamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were 88.4%, 85.7% and 55.7%, respectively. Smoking history and histological cell type were correlated in squamous and small cell carcinoma. 4) Squamous cell carcinoma is still the predominant histological type (44.8%), but, adenocarcinoma increased more than the previous study(30.7%). The other histological types were small cell carcinoma(17.0%) and large cell carcinoma(3.8%) in order of their proportions. 5) The accuracy of diagnostic methods were as follows: sputum cytology 75.3%, bronchoscopic biopsy 65.7%, lymph node aspiration cytology 95.8%, percutaneous lung aspiration cytology 94.6% and open lung biopsy 100%. The general accuracies of diagnostic methods were improved than previous studies. 6) Performance status scales on admission were relatively good. After diagnosis, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were undertaken in 69.3% of the patients, and only 7.5% of the patients were operated. Conclusion: In our study, squamous cell carcinoma is still the predominant histological cell type, but, adenocarcinoma continues to increase. Because adenocarcinoma is less correlated with smoking habits, further evaluation of other carcinogens than smoking is requested. Screening and early diagnosis of lung cancer is important for good performance status scales in spite of advanced stages. But, we think that the prevention, for example, stop smokings is more important as because of no perfect treatment for lung cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.7
• /
• pp.1082-1090
• /
• 2005

Jocheong was prepared by adding Lentinus edodes extract to improve its quality and to give some functional properties. Contents of crude protein, ash and crude lipid were similar to those of control, while carbohydrate content was decreased. Total mineral content were $1,916.03\~2,674.24mg/kg$ that was no difference between test samples. From HPLC determination of free sugars, Jocheong was found to contain maltose as the highest sugar, followed by glucose and fructose. In amino acid analysis, seventeen amino acid were identified and quantified. Glutamic acid in Jocheong was major amino acid. The major fatty acids in Jocheong $(0\%,\;control)$ were linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, myristic acid and caproic acid. There was no significant differences in fatty acid composition, pH and reducing sugar content among the Jocheong samples. The viscosity and solid contents tended to decrease with the addition of Lentinus edodes extract. Increasing the ratio of mushroom extract in Jocheong tended to decrease the lightness, yellowness and redness in Hunter's color value. Although sensory value decreased with increasing Lentinus edodes extracts, use of mushroom extracts (7: 3; saccharification liquids: Lentinus edodes extracts) is recommended for making Jocheong.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2011

Osteoporotic fracture (OF), along with bone mineral density (BMD), is an important diagnostic parameter and a clinical predictive risk factor in the assessment of osteoporosis in the elderly population. However, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on OF has not yet been clarified sufficiently. To identify OF-associated genetic variants and candidate genes, we conducted a GWAS in a population-based cohort (Korean Association Resource [KARE], n=1,427 [case: 288 and control: 1139]) and performed a de novo replication study in hospital-based individuals (Asan and Catholic Medical Center [ACMC], n=1,082 [case: 272 and control: 810]). In a combined meta-analysis, a newly identified genetic locus in an intergenic region at 10p11.2 (near genes FZD8 and ANKRD30A ) showed the most significant association (odd ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47~2.74, p=$1.27{\times}10^{-6}$) in the same direction. We provide the first evidence for a common genetic variant influencing OF and genetic information for further investigation in bone metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.645-653
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the cognitive levels of 11th grade students and those required in high school chemistry I textbooks standardized by the 7th national education curriculum. For this study, the cognitive development stages of 456 11th grade students were surveyed using short-version GALT (group assessment of logical thinking). Furthermore, 15 basic concepts were extracted from the contents on water and air, 2 units in chemistry I order to analyze the cognitive levels necessary for understanding high school textbooks, using CAT (curriculum analysis taxonomy). The results showed that 52.5% of the surveyed 11th grade students reached the formal operational level, 28.3% transitional levels, and 19.5% concrete operational levels. 68.9% of the academic high school students and 6.6% of the technical high school students reached the formal operational levels, and the ratio of formation was very different in each logics. As a result of the analyzing the cognitive levels needed for understanding chemistry I textbook contents, in spite of a change in national education curriculum, there were no great change in cognitive levels required by scientific concept except some inquiry activities. The cognitive levels in high school chemistry I textbooks by the 7th national education curriculum appeared higher than the cognitive levels of 11th grade student, but cognitive levels of inquiry activities were similar to the cognitive levels of the students. Chemistry teachers thought of chemistry I textbooks by the 7th national education curriculum as desirable because scientific concepts were reduced and a lot of real life materials were adapted. However, they pointed out a problem of difference in contents levels compared with chemistry I textbooks because scientific concepts were greatly reduced in chemistry I textbooks. The cognitive levels required in chemistry I textbooks still appeared higher than those of the students. Consequently, various teaching and learning methods and materials will have to be developed to be suitable for the students' cognitive levels.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.400-406
• /
• 2018

In this experiment the effect of supplemental lighting on the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. 'Fresh') plants during low radiation period of winter season were investigated in glasshouses using common high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps and newly developed plasma lighting system (PLS) lamps. Plants grown without supplemental lighting were considered as a control. Supplemental lighting was provided from November 20th, 2015 to March 15th, 2016 to ensure 14-hour photoperiod (natural+supplemental light), also lamps were operated automatically when the outside sun radiation levels were less than $100W{\cdot}m^{-2}$. Spectral analysis showed that HPS lamp had a discrete spectrum, lacked of the radiation in the 400-550 nm wave band (blue-green light), but had a high output in the orange-red region (550-650 nm). A higher red light output resulted in an increased red to far-red (R/FR) ratio in HPS lamp. PLS had a continuous spectrum and had a peak radiation in green region (490-550 nm). HPS has 12.6% lower output in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) but 12.6% higher output in near infra-red (NIR) spectral regions compared to PLS. Both HPS and PLS lamps emitted very low levels of ultra-violet radiation (300-400 nm). Supplemental lighting both from HPS and PLS lamps increased plant height, leaf number, internode number and dry weight of cucumber plants compared to control. Photosynthetic activity of cucumber plants grown under two supplemental lighting systems was comparable. Number of fruits per cucumber plant (fruit weight per plant) in control, PLS, and HPS plots were 21.2 (2.9 kg), 38.7 (5.5 kg), and 40.4 (5.6 kg), respectively, thereby increasing yield by 1.8-1.9 times in comparison with control. An analysis of the economic feasibility of supplemental lighting in cucumber cultivation showed that considering lamp installation and electricity costs the income from supplemental lighting increased by 37% and 62% for PLS and HPS lamps, respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.302-311
• /
• 2018

Using cylindrical paper pot nursery method, three kinds of commercial tomatoes 'Dafnis', 'DOTAERANG DIA' and 'Maescala' were grafted onto a commercial rootstock 'B blocking'. From 10 to 40 days after graft-take, growth traits of seedlings were investigated by 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0S treatments of standard nutrient solution(S) for seedling growth, and top to root ratio(TRR), compactness(CP) and Dickson Quality Index(DQI) were calculated. Two weeks after transplanting of the seedlings under three different night temperature targeting to 10, 15, and $25^{\circ}C$, which were not precisely controlled, the relative growth rate (RGR) was investigated. The quantitative growth traits of grafted seedlings increased with increasing fertilizer concentration, and various range of seedling size could be produced. Compactness and DQI were significantly regressed (Adj $R^2=0.9480$). Short-term RGR after transplanting was higher at 1.0S treatment of standard nutrient solution at the seedling age of 30 days and 40 days after graft-take(DAGT). DQI and RGR were significantly regressed linearly at respective fertigation strength. Specially the diminishing slope of RGR was lower at 1.0S fertigation strength with the increase of DQI than others. The results indicate that DQI could be applied as a quality index of grafted tomato seedlings and the relation analysis between DQI and short-term RGR also could be used to determine the good quality seedlings of grafted tomato grown in cylindrical paper pot.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2017

New business management methods different from the past are necessary because of the rapid changes of the corporates' environment. KOSDAQ(Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) companies should be expected the more affirmative business performance of companies by listing, but it is a well-known that they have problems of low business performance mostly. This paper aims to investigate the influential factors on enhancing corporate innovation and nonfinantial business performance, and to clarify practical measures and present a solution of KOSDAQ companies' problems through analysis of previous researches and an empirical research. This research present corporate entrepreneurship and human resources innovation as impact factors on the business performance to apply finely the path of technological innovation for the solution of the relevance investigation limit between the complexity of corporates' innovation paths and the firms' performance. And also knowledge management activities and external networks management or the firms have been adopted as a corporate innovation activities for free from quantitative measures, such as conventional research and development(R&D) activities by considering recent corporates' knowledge business operations. The results of the empirical analysis shows that significant impact factors on corporate innovation activities are the firms' propensities of competitive advantage initiative, risk taking and chief executive officer's innovation. These can be interpreted that the CEOs' innovation propensity should be enhanced for stimulating corporate's innovaton activities, which include the CEOs' interest in the development of new technology, the exploiting new businesses and their support of the innovation discipline for employees. In addition, it can be said that it is necessary to intensify more initiatives within those enterprise for enhancing the competitive advantage in the identical industry. The significant impact factors of corporate entrepreneurship and human resource innovation on the non-financial performance are resulted as the propensities of firms' competitive advantage initiative, CEOs' innovation and employees' innovaton. This shows that the higher propensities of firms' competitive advantage initiative, CEOs' innovation and employees' innovaton, the higher the cognitive degrees of business performance within each corporate, which include the members' awareness about firms' sales growth, market share growth, profit ratio growth, customers' preference and corporates' awareness.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
• /
• 1977.06a
• /
• pp.6.2-7
• /
• 1977

Hoarseness, caused by any condition that interfers with normal phonatory function of larynx, is the most important symtom of the laryngeal disease. The air pollution is the serious social problom today due to irritation of the respiratory mucosa and secondary respiratory disease. It is significant to study whether, in resent years, the patients with complant of hoarseness has being increased or decreased, compare to past years. The authors report a statistical analysis on 400 cases with chief complain of horseness at the Department of Otolaryngology, Hanil Hospital during past 7 years from Jan. I, 1970 to Dec. 31, 1976. The results were as follows; 1) Among total out patients of 14, 731 who visited to the department of otolaryngology, the patients with hoarseness numbered to 400(2.7%). 2) Among total of 400 cases, male were 211 and female were 189. The incidence was slightly higher in male than female with ratio 1.1 to 1 in sex distribution. 3) The uderlying diseases causing hoarseness in order of frequency were Acute Laryngitis (158 cases, 39.5%), Chronic Laryngitis (103 cases, 27.3 %), Vccal Nodule (37 cases, 9.3%), Vocal cord paralysis (34 cases, 8.5%), Laryngeal Polyp (32 cases, 8%), Laryngeal Ca. (13 cases, 3.5%), and Laryngeal Tbc. (9 cases, 2.3%). Particulary, Laryngeal Ca., Laryngeal polyp and Laryngeal Papilloma were extremely high in male but the remainings were equally distributed in sex group distribution. 4) The highest incidence occurred in 3rd decade (113 cases, 28.5%), the next 4th and 2nd decade in the age group distribution. Acute and Chronic Laryngitis were widely distributed in age group distribution but the highest incidence was noted between 3rd and 4th decade (145 cases, 55.5%). The highest incidence was 3rd decade in Laryngeal polyp, 3rd and 4th decade in Vocal Nodule, 4th and 5th decade in Laryngeal Tbc. and Vocal cord paralysis and 5th decade in Laryngeal Ca. 5) The underlying disease causing hoarsness were evenly occurred in monthly distribution but relatively high incidence was observed between April and June (35.5%) compared to winter. 6) In durational distribution, the highest incidence was within 10 days (26%) from onset to consultation. 317 cases (80%) were visited to the clinic within 1 year.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.332-341
• /
• 2014

This study was aimed to define the predicting factor account for the Korean Dental Hygienist Licensing Examination (KDHLE) by analyzing the academic grade score and the KDHLE score. The subjects included 185 graduates (2007, 2009, 2011~2014 graduates). The ratio of successful applicants of the subjects was 99.2%. The academic grade scores were calculated to grade point average, the KDHLE was scoring marks out of 300 (200 of written examination score and 100 of performance evaluation score) for correlation and regression analysis. The graduation grades and comprehensive examination scores correlated significantly with the KDHLE written examination scores (correlation coefficient=0.612), and KDHLE total score (correlation coefficient=0.258). First~third grade score and comprehensive examination scores correlated significantly with KDHLE total scores (p<0.05). Especially, there are the highest correlated between second comprehensive examination scores and KDHLE total scores (correlation coefficient=0.455), the last score in time sequence is the important factors account for the KDHLE total score. But there is no correlation between academic grade score and KDHLE performance evaluation scores, therefore it is necessary to study for determine the reason. The results of multiple linear regression analysis, second grade score and the average score of comprehensive examination were the main predicting factors account for the KDHLE total score, the explanatory power was 31.6%. Our results show that KDHLE total and written examination scores are predicted by the academic grade score reliably, but not the KDHLE performance evaluation scores. Further studies are needed to determine relationship between dental hygiene education and KDHLE.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the difference and genetic similarity at the level of molecular genetics. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood of Holstein, Korean cattle, Charolais, and hybrid between Korean cattle and charolais and RAPD(random amplified polymorphic DNAs) was analyzed by PCR(polymerase chain reaction). After genetic similarity value from different breeds are analyzed, genetic similarity was estimated by UPGMA(unweighted pair-group method using average). The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: 1. When genomic DNA which was extracted from different breeds was subjected to electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel, bigger than 12.2kb was appeared. Ratio by absorbance of $A_{260}/A_{280}$ was 1.75~2.10, indicating that genomic DNA was quite pure for RAPD analysis. 2. Different band patterns by RAPD were appeared according to the breeds in cattle. The best primer used to distinguish Holstein from other breeds was 5'-GAC CGC TTG T-3'. 3. A 340bp fragment was amplified in $33.0^{\circ}C$ of annealing temperature for the Holstein and Charolais breeds, but any amplification was not occurred in this annealing temperature for Korean cattle and hybrid. In addition, a 340bp fragment was amplified in $37.5^{\circ}C$ of annealing temperature for the Holstein and Korean cattle, but any amplification was not occurred in this annealing temperature for Charolais and hybrid. For the reaction of PCR. $37.5^{\circ}C$ and $33.0^{\circ}C$ of annealing temperature was shown to be best for genetic marker identification from Holstein, Charolais, and hybrid between Korean cattle and Charolais. 4. When genetic similarity from different breeds are analyzed at the both temperature of $33.0^{\circ}C$ and $37.5^{\circ}C$, the genetic similarity value of Holstein and Korean cattle, Holstein and Charolais, Korean cattle and Charolais, and Korean cattle and hybrid were 0.666~0.777, 0.615~0.666, 0.400~0.461 and 0.857~0.888, respectively. 5. It could be concluded that different breeds are capable of distinguishing by RAPD used random primer 5'-GAC CGC TTG T-3', genetic similarity from different breeds was appeared the higher genetic similarity value of Korean cattle and Charolais than that of Holstein between Korean cattle and Charolais by UPGMA.