• Journal of Advanced Information Technology and Convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.41-54
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• 2019

The cinema circuit is facing a digital, network, and mobile age, which expands non-theater accessibility to movies. Application platforms are situated as the most competitive business model that provide digital content such as games, music, books, and movies. Consumers can acquire content-related information not just offline, but online as well. Therefore, item information provided by application platforms is required. The information provided by application platforms consists of richly descriptive information such as storyline summary, consumer reviews, and related articles, while non-descriptive normative information covers data such as sales ranking, release date, genre, rental or purchase cost, domestic/foreign classification, consumer rating, number of consumer ratings, film rating, and so on. In this study, we surveyed and analyzed statistically the correlation between real-time sales ranking and other comparable non-descriptive information.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.213-231
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• 2015

In this paper, I examine whether the listed companies in Korea tend to manage operating cash flows upward via classification shifting after the adoption of K-IFRS. As proxies for cash flow management, I derive a measure of abnormal operating cash flows borrowing from Lee(2012). Alternative proxies include a series of categorical variables designed to identify the types of classification shifting of interest and dividend payments among others, in the statement of cash flows. Higher level of estimated abnormal operating cash flows, and the classification of interest/dividend payments in non-operating activity sections are considered to indicate the managerial intention to maximize reported operating cash flows. I consider several potential incentives to manage operating cash flows, which include financial distress, the credit rating proximity to investment/non-investment cutoff threshold, avoidance of negative or decreasing operating cash flows relative to previous period and so forth. In a series of empirical analyses, I do not find evidence in support of the opportunistic classification shifting explanation, inconsistent with several previous literature in Korea. In contrast, I observe negative associations between the CFO management proxies and selected incentives, which suggest that the classification is likely to represent above average cash flow performance rather than opportunistic motives exercised to maximize reported operating cash flows. I reckon that this observation is, in part, driven by the K-IFRS requirement to maintain temporal consistency in classifying interest and dividend receipts/payments in cash flow statement.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.503-516
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• 2012

Rock mass rating (RMR) is the key factor when designing the appropriate support pattern of tunnel projects. Borehole drilling is usually performed along the tunnel route in order to determine the rock mass rating to be used for tunnel design. The rock mass rating at the non-boring region between boreholes is usually assessed through geophysical surveys such as electrical prospecting, seismic prospecting, etc. Many studies were carried out to find out the correlation between electrical resistivity and rock mass rating. However, most researches were aimed at obtaining the relationship between the two parameters utilizing experimental results obtained from laboratory tests or electrical prospectings. In this paper, efforts were made to analyze and obtain relationships between the electrical resistivity obtained from in-situ electrical resistivity logging data and the rock mass rating. Correlation studies using field data showed that the electrical resistivity is highly correlated with the rock mass rating with the determination coefficient more than 90%. The correlation analysis was also carried out between RMR classification parameters and the electrical resistivity. It was shown that the correlation between the condition of discontinuities and the electrical resistivity was very high with the determination coefficient more than 80%; that between the groundwater condition and the electrical resistivity was very low with the determination coefficient less than 57%.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.15 no.6 s.59
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• pp.441-451
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• 2005

It is the unavoidable problem that the RMR rock classification method has the uncertainty resulted from uncertain definition of measured value in RMR grade table, hence in this paper, the estimation of probability density function$(p{\cdot}d{\cdot}f)$ graph with the evaluation of continuos RMR and the Monte Carlo Simulation and statistic reasoning were carried out to evaluate the uncertainty quantitatively. Also, the modified RMR rock classification table was presented in order to apply the uncertainty of RMR to the practice, and then the design process of standard support pattern and the tunnel support material was proposed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.449-460
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• 2022

Safe underground construction in a rock mass requires adequate ground investigation and effective determination of rock conditions. The estimation of rock mass behavior is difficult, because rock masses are innately anisotropic and heterogeneous at different scales and are affected by various environmental factors. Quantitative rock mass classification systems, such as the Q-system and rock mass rating, are widely used for characterization and engineering design. The measurement of rock classification parameters is subjective and can vary among observers, resulting in questionable accuracy. Geophysical investigation methods, such as seismic surveys, have also been used for ground characterization. Torsional shear wave propagation characteristics in cylindrical rods are equal to that in an infinite media. A probabilistic quantitative relationship between the Q-value and shear wave velocity is thus investigated considering long-wavelength wave propagation in equivalent continuum jointed rock masses. Individual Q-system parameters are correlated with stress-dependent shear wave velocities in jointed rocks using experimental and numerical methods. The relationship between the Q-value and the shear wave velocity is normalized using a defined reference condition. This relationship is further improved using probabilistic analysis to remove unrealistic data and to suggest a range of Q-values for a given wave velocity. The proposed probabilistic Q-value estimation is then compared with field measurements and cross-hole seismic test data to verify its applicability.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.167-183
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• 2017

The rapid growth of information technology and mobile service platforms, i.e., internet, google, and facebook, etc. has led the abundance of data. Due to this environment, the world is now facing a revolution in the process that data is searched, collected, stored, and shared. Abundance of data gives us several opportunities to knowledge discovery and data mining techniques. In recent years, data mining methods as a solution to discovery and extraction of available knowledge in database has been more popular in e-commerce service fields such as, in particular, movie recommendation. However, most of the classification approaches for predicting the movie popularity have used only several types of information of the movie such as actor, director, rating score, language and countries etc. In this study, we propose a classification-based support vector machine (SVM) model for predicting the movie popularity based on movie's genre data and social network data. Social network analysis (SNA) is used for improving the classification accuracy. This study builds the movies' network (one mode network) based on initial data which is a two mode network as user-to-movie network. For the proposed method we computed degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and eigenvector centrality as centrality measures in movie's network. Those four centrality values and movies' genre data were used to classify the movie popularity in this study. The logistic regression, neural network, $na{\ddot{i}}ve$ Bayes classifier, and decision tree as benchmarking models for movie popularity classification were also used for comparison with the performance of our proposed model. To assess the classifier's performance accuracy this study used MovieLens data as an open database. Our empirical results indicate that our proposed model with movie's genre and centrality data has by approximately 0% higher accuracy than other classification models with only movie's genre data. The implications of our results show that our proposed model can be used for improving movie popularity classification accuracy.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.510-531
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the status of numeric rating scale (NRS) usage and suggest the potential for use in multicenter retrospective studies of various diseases. Methods: Articles published from 2011 to 2021 that used the keywords "NRS", "Multi-center", and "RCT" were identified in foreign databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL. The articles were analyzed according to their use of "NRS" by symptoms and by disease group using the major classifications of the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD-7). Results: Classification by symptom in a total of 288 articles illustrates that the NRS was not only commonly used in pain evaluation but also for non-pain symptoms. In usage with non-pain symptoms, chief complaint of patients was the most common at 79%, and other factors included treatment satisfaction, evaluation of daily life, and sleep quality. In disease classification according to the KCD-7, the NRS was commonly used in connection with musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases but was also utilized in various other disease groups. Conclusions: This study confirms usage of the NRS in multi-center RCTs, as the NRS was widely used in all types of diseases and symptoms. Considering the result and the advantages of the NRS, it is recommended for use as a daily evaluation tool for the collection of common data in multicenter retrospective studies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

Many trails have been built and utilized in each sub-basin of Apsan Park. This study focused on the conditions and the present flora of several overused trails within three basins called Kun-Gol, Anjiroung-Gol, and Meaja-Gol in Apsan Park. There are two purposes for this study. The first is to make a plan for restoration by classifying the type of damage to these overused trails. The second is to provide preliminary data for reestablishing a more pleasant urban nature park. As a result of the survey, the average length of these trails is 9.0km and mean width is 2.0 to 2.6m. 2,108m of the sections studied(23.4% of the total) had exposed root, 3,199m of the sections studied (35.5% of the total) had exposed rock, 3,270m of the sections studied(36.6% of the total) displayed damaged pathways, and 4,841m of the sections studied (53.8% of the total) had higher soil hardness. Eighty-three areas of deterioration were found and there has been extensive property destruction. As an indication of human disturbances, the Naturalization Index and Urbanization Index appeared as: Kun-Gol, 7.0%, 5.5%; Anjiroung-Gol, 8.3%, 4.5%; Meaja-Gol 8.6%, 6.2%; in total, 7.8%, 8.3%. As a method of checking the level and extent of the damage process, an impact rating classification was used at each point on the trails. Kun-Gol had the highest rating and Anjiroung-Gol had the lowest rating in impact rating classification. With the impact rating classification, it was found that each trail would continue to worsen, meaning that roots and rocks are more likely to be further exposed and the trail width will continue to widen through overuse. An actual plan for reparations and restoration of the trails is needed through further study.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

In this paper, we collect and analyze the status of mobile phone applications (hereafter apps) in the healthcare and fitness category of the Apple iTunes App Store and Google Play Store. We determine the number of apps and analyze statistical aspects such as classifications, age rating, fees, and user evaluation of the popular items. As of September 30, 2013, there were 236 popular apps available from iTunes. Google Play offered 720 apps. We discover that apps for healthcare and fitness are diverse. Apps for physical exercise have the greatest popularity. The proportions of apps that are suitable for all ages among the Google and iTunes popular apps are 55.8% and 89.4%, respectively. The user evaluation of apps in iTunes is relatively less positive. We determine that the proportion of paid apps to free apps in Google is higher than that of the apps in iTunes. We perform hypothesis tests and find statistically significant differences in age rating and perceived satisfaction between the apps of the Apple iTunes App Store and Google Play Store. However, we find no meaningful differences in the classification and price of the apps between the two app stores. We perform hypothesis tests to verify the differences in age rating and perceived satisfaction between the paid and free apps within and across the Google Play Store and iTunes App Store. There are statistically significant differences in the age rating between the paid and free apps in the Google play store, between the Google free and iTunes free apps, between the Google paid and iTunes paid apps, between the Google free and iTunes paid apps, and between the Google paid and iTunes free apps. There are statistically significant differences in the perceived satisfaction between the Google free and iTunes free apps, between the Google paid and iTunes paid apps, between the Google free and iTunes paid apps, and between the Google paid and iTunes free apps.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.545-559
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• 2013

Until now, research achievements of groundwater such as groundwater to depth distribution, usage, the available amount of development, water quality have been written in the watershed units($25{\sim}250km^2$). However, complex topography and geology, and the rivers of our country does not fit. And a clear management standards have not been able to present measures in groundwater quantity, water quality management such as rainfall, groundwater, utilization, water quality, pollution, etc. Therefore, in this study, the classification criterion of subwatershed unit($2.5{\sim}25km^2$), which is suitable for topography and geology of Korea, for rainfall-rating, groundwater level-rating, groundwater pollution-rating, groundwater quality-rating presented and proved its efficiency by applying in Hampyeong-Gun area.