• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.275-286
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• 1993

This experiment was to study the effects of application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry on the dry matter yield of Orchardgrass grown in different cutting frequency. Annual rates of mineral N of 0($N_0$), 90kg($N_1$), 180kg($N_2$) and 270kg／ha($N_3$) in 3 cuttings, and 0($N_0$), 120kg($N_1$), 240($N_2$) and 360kg/ha($N_3$) were applied as urea in 4 cuttings. Cattle slurry applied at rates of $30m^3(S_1)$, $60m^3(S_2)$ and $90m^3/ha(S_3)$, suppling 90kg, 180kg and 240kg N/ha in 3 cuttings, and at rates of $40m^3(S_1)$, $80m^3(S_2)$ and $120m^3/ha(S_3)$, suppling 120kg, 240kg and 360kg N/ha in 4 cuttings, respectively. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Mineral N and cattle slurry application rates(N), and cuts(C) were significant differences at the 0.1% level(p<0.001), and 5% level(p<0.05) for the interaction of $N{\times}C$ in both cuttings. 2. The annual dry matter yields obtained were 8.8ton-10.1ton/ha at rates of $N_1-N_3$, and 7.1ton-9.5ton/ha at rates of $S_1-S_3$ in 3 cuttings. The annual dry matter yields obtained were 10.9ton-13.9ton/ha at rates of $N_1-N_3$, and 6.9ton-11.2ton/ha at rates of $S_1-S_3$ in 4 cuttings, respectively. 3. Relative efficiency of cattle slurry N for the dry matter production of Orchardgrass pasture as compared to mineral N were 91.4%(ranged from 72.2% to 109.7%) in 3 cuttings, and 75.1%(ranged from 48.3% to 107.9%) in 4 cuttings, respectively. 4. The annual cattle slurry application rates required to maintain highest dry matter yields were estimated to be 90m3/ha(270kg N/ha) and 80m3/ha(240kg N/kg) in 3 and 4cuttings.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1992

To establish the method of direct seeding cultivation in rice (Oryza sativa L.), direct surface seeding with treatments of N application rate, application of growth regulator(PP333), and seeding rate were conducted from May to Oct., 1989 at the experimental field of Sunchon National University. There were no significant differences among treatment means of N application rates, and seeding rates, which seemed to be due to severe occurrence of field lodging. Application of PP333 reduced culm length by 3-4m, but it did not affect the occurrence of lodging. The optimal seeding rate to maximize the number of spikelets per unit area was estimated to be 6kg seed /10a. To obtain stable yield in cultivation of direct surface seeded rice in submerged paddy field, it was necessary to reduce occurrence of field lodging through breeding of lodging resistance genotypes rather than cultural practices.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.423-429
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• 2009

Rhodiola rosea L., a traditional medicinal plant in Eastern Asia, is widely used by astronauts, divers and mountaineers to improve their stress resistance. This experiment was conducted to investigate the optimum application rates of phosphate and potassium under the forcing cultivation for high-quality Rhodiola rosea L. production. The application rate of $8kg\; 10a^{-1}$ of phosphate and $30kg\;10a^{-1}$ of potassium showed the highest yield of Rhodiola rosea L. root. There was no significant difference between the application rates of phosphate or potassium fertilizer and the content of salidroside.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.104-111
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• 2000

The study war carried out to evaluate the characteristics of inorganic phosphate factions in soil mixed with paper mill sludge compost(PMSC). The experiments were conducted by an incubation test. For the incubation test, application rates of PMSC to soil were 0, 2, 8, and 16%. Water content of the samples mixed with PMSC were adjusted to 10% and 15% and incubating temperatures of the samples were kept at $4^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The results can be concluded as follows; pH increased depending on the higher rates of PMSC application to the soil during the incubation tests, because calcium content was $4.9cmol_c/kg$ and contents of nutrients were high. When the application rates of PMSC were increased Saloid-P and Fe-P decreased, while Al-P and Ca-P in soil increased during the incubation tests.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.411-425
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• 2004

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of applying times and dilution rates of cattle slurry with water on dry matter yields and feed values of orchard grass. Cattle slurry was applied at the rates of average nitrogen fertilizer equivalent to 150kg/ha/year in 3 cutting frequency. Significantly higher dry matter yields than that of no fertilization (7.36 ton DM/ha) were recorded in the application of diluted cattle slurry (10.74~13.54 ton DM/ha) (p<0.05). Especially, this tendency was shown with higher annual dry matter yields at the partitioned dressing times, such as at the applications for 1st and 3rd growth, 2nd and 3rd growth, and 1st, 2nd and 3rd growth respectively. The yields of annual dry matter at fertilizing phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen were higher than no fertilization as 12.42 tons per ha. However, with application of diluted cattle slurry, dry matter yields per year (11.96 ton DM/ha) were significantly higher than those of fertilizing phosphorus and potassium (7.52 ton DM/ha) (p<0.05). The efficiencies of dry matter production with mineral and cattle slurry nitrogen application (kg DM/kg N) were 32.7 and 13.4~26.9kg DM/kg N respectively. Especially, these tendencies were higher in diluted application plots than in no-diluted application plots of cattle slurry. The contents of crude protein (CP, %), neutral detergent Eber (NDF, %), acid detergent fiber (ADF, %), annual yields of CP (kg/ha) and total digestible nutrient (TDNY, kg/ha) of orchardgrass were significantly higher at the application of diluted cattle Slurry than those at non-fertilizer application (p<0.05).

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.99-102
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• 2012

The performance of P2P application services may be improved by reducing unnecessary inter-network traffic through intelligent peer selection. However, since a logical link between peers in a P2P overlay network is composed of a set of physical links in an underlay network, the traffic pattern determined by the sending rates of selected peers imposes loads on each underlay links. Thus, if the sending rates are not determined carefully, the loads between underlay links may not be balanced, which means some links are underloaded while the other links are congested. In this paper, we take an optimization approach to determine the sending rates of peers strategically to avoid the inefficient use of underlay links. The proposed scheme also guarantee the minimum receiving rates of peers while minimizing the maximum link utilization of underlay links, which is beneficial both to P2P applications and an underlay network.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 1999

Phytotoxic effects of ozone and ethylenediurea (EDU) on soybean (Glycine max) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were observed by using open-top field chamber system (OTC). Gas exchange rates (photosynthesis. stomatal conductance and transpiration rates) of soybean plants were decreased by 20% to 30% by ambient ozone and resulted in 30% reduction of seed yields. In OTC. ambient ozone and 0.12 $\mu$l/l $O_3$ decreased gas exchange rates of spinach by 25% to 40% and by 50%. respectively. The protective effect of EDU against ozone induced injury was obtained at 100 mg/l on soybean. and at 250 mg/l on spinach, respectively. The excessive application of EDU. however. inhibited photosynthesis. transpiration. and stomatal conductance without any specific visible damage.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2021

The electrocardiogram(ECG) and heart rates are essential for diagnosing heart disease. However, conventional portable ECG devices are possible to only measure heart rates or have limitations in how and where they are measured. In this paper, a portable ECG system in which ECG waveforms and heart rates are displayed on smartphone screens is developed. A smartphone is used as display equipment instead of a computer screen for continuous monitoring. The developed ECG system filters and amplifies detected analog ECG signals. Next, it converts the amplified analog ECG signals into digital signals, then transmits to the smartphone via Bluetooth communication. This ECG system can display and store biomedical signals on a smartphone through the application. As a result, the waveform and heart rates of the developed portable ECG system has been confirmed to be similar to those of existing medical devices.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.5 s.21
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

For accurate construction contract time estimation, few parameters are more significant than crew production rates and factors affecting the rates. However, statistical analysis techniques for finding such factors are not always simple mainly because there are many factors and the interaction between factors is not well quantitatively understood. This paper presents methodology of identifying factors driving crew production rates. The methodology is further demonstrated with representative data collected by the author from 13 on-going highway constructions. Three factors were identified as statistically significant drivers of Cap crew production rate: 'Cap Size (m3/ea)'; 'Cap Length (m)'; and 'Cap Shape (Rectangle vs. Inverted 'T')'. It was also found that the production rates are best explained by a multiple regression model with two of the drivers; 'Cap Size' and 'Cap Shape'.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.123-130
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• 2009

This study presents the application of a polymer behavior model that considers fluid mechanics and heat transfer effects in a deposition system. The analysis of the polymer fluid properties is very important in the fabrication of precise microstructures. This fluid behavior model involves the calculation of velocity distribution and mass flow rates that include the effect of heat loss in the needle. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated by comparing estimated mass fluid rates with experimental values. The mass fluid rates under various process conditions, such as pressure, temperature, and needle size, reflected the actual deposition state relatively well, and the assumption that molten polycaprolactone(PCL) is a non-Newtonian fluid was reasonable. The successful fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures demonstrated that the model is valid for predicting the polymer behavior characteristics in the microstructure fabrication process. The results of this study can be used to investigate the effect of various parameters on fabricated structures before turning to experimental approaches.