• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.76-111
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to develop the Korean version of the Social Functioning Scale (KSFS) in the patients with schizophrenia. Methods : KSFS was administered to 90 schizophrenic patients and 80 their parents and 90 normal controls for examining the reliability and validity. Results : Data analysis showed statistically significant reliabilities and validities of KSFS. The test-retest reliability, rater vs. self-report reliability, and internal consistency for total scores of KSFS were 0.93, 0.44 and 0.94 respectively. Evidence for discriminant validity of KSFS comes from the results that the mean scores of schizophrenic patients were significantly higher than those of normal controls. Construct validity was assessed by calculating the 7 inter-areas correlations of the KSFS, and all areas were statistically significant. Significant correlations between the total scores of KSFS and those of SOFAS lend support for the concurrent validity of this instrument. Factor analyses were performed and two factors were extracted accounting for 63.7% of the variance. Sensitivity was assessed indirectly via the distribution and range of scores on the SFS. The normal control group showed a distribution around a higher mean with a moderate positive skew. Conclusion : KSFS was found to be a valid, reliable, and sensitive instrument which can be used to evaluate the degree of social functioning in the patients with schizophrenia.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2017

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of surgical mini-implant placement when potential mini-implant sites were scanned using a lower-dose $180^{\circ}$ acquisition protocol versus a conventional $360^{\circ}$ acquisition protocol. Materials and Methods: Ten dentate human skulls were used to provide sites for potential mini-implant placement. The sites were randomly divided into 2 groups: $360^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$ cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) acquisition protocols. A small-volume $180^{\circ}$ CBCT scan and a $360^{\circ}$ CBCT scan of each site were acquired using a Morita Accuitomo-170 CBCT machine and then a mini-implant was placed. A follow-up $360^{\circ}$ CBCT scan was done as a gold standard to evaluate the location of the mini-implant and root perforation. Two raters evaluated the scans. Results: Ninety-eight percent of the mini-implants placed did not perforate any root structure. Two percent of the sites had an appearance suggestive of perforation. On a Likert scale, both raters agreed that their subjective evaluation of the diagnostic quality of the protocols, ability to make and read measurements of the sites, and preferences for the specified diagnostic task were comparable. The Cohen kappa showed high inter-rater and intrarater agreement. Conclusion: In this ex vivo study, we found that the $180^{\circ}$ rotational acquisition was as effective as the conventional $360^{\circ}$ rotational acquisition for the preoperative evaluation of potential mini-implant sites.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.668-672
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• 2001

The purpose of study was to measure the interrater reliability of the caries diagnostic instrument, Diagnodent(KaVo, Germany), using a new laser fluorescence technique. Occlusal surfaces and smooth surfaces of one hundred extracted human premolars and molars were examined by four dentists. Pearson correlation coeffcients were 0703 to 0.870 for occlusal surfaces and 0.764 to 0.932 for smooth surfaces (P<0.01, all). Reliability coefficients which were calculated by intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.9450 for occlusal surfaces and 0.9605 for smooth surfaces. Therefore, the interrater reliability of caries diagnosis by Diagnodent is very high, and the rater training would be necessary more for occlusal surfaces than for smooth surfaces.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2020

Objective: To prevent low back pain, an objective evaluation tool to evaluate pelvic mobility and exercise to improve the flexibility of the lumbar region is needed. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of pelvic mobility measurements using the Wii Balance Board (WBB) and Sensbalance Therapy Cushion (STC), evaluate the usefulness of the STC as a tool for measuring pelvic mobility. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty healthy subjects participated in this study. The subjects performed pelvic mobility range, proprioception, reaction time and reach of the arm using the STC. The pelvic movement parameter was measured two times to determine the intra-rater reliability. To measure the correlation between lumbar muscle tension and pelvic mobility, Myovision was used to measure tension of L4, L5 level erector spinae muscle. Correlations between measured variables were checked to determine the validity of the pelvic mobility assessment tool. Results: STC showed high test-retest reliability in pelvic tilt measurement and reaching task [intraclass correlation coefficients (3,1)=0.804-0.915]. The relationship between WBB and STC showed a significant positive correlation with the pelvic tilt and reaching task (p<0.05). Posterior tilt and erector spinae activation (Lt. L5) showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.05). Left, right tilt and erector spinae activation (L5) showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study confirmed the advantages of the STC and found efficiency as an objective measuring device of pelvic mobility.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.51-62
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to estimate an optimum ecological flow rate in the Banbyeon stream based on the two representative fish species. Hydraulic stream environment was simulated with HEC-RAS for two water flow regimes and used for the PHABSIM hydraulic simulation. A dominant species of Zacco platypus and an endemic species of Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae were selected as the representative fishes whose habitat conditions were evaluated for the spawning and adult stages. Weighted usable area (WUA) was estimated based on habitat suitability index (HSI) and PHABSIM habitat simulation. Overall deep water zone in the stream demonstrated greater WUA which implies better habitat status. The estimated WUA for Zacco platypus as the dominant species was about five times greater than Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae at the stream flow of 12 ㎥/s. The optimum ecological flow rates were 15 ㎥/s and 25 ㎥/s for the respective spawning and adult stages of Zacco platypus, while 5 ㎥/s was estimated for both the life cycles of Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae. Assuming that the dominant species may survive better in wider flow regimes, the optimum ecological flow rate should be determined rater based on the endemic species and flow rate of 5 ㎥/s was suggested for the Banbyeon stream.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.254-263
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• 2012

This study found out the change of spacial form of detached house in Korea on a 10-year basis from 1980s though analysis on the architecture of each period. For the subject houses of this study, the detached houses introduced repeatedly as excellent cases in technical journals for architecture were collected among those completed by architects who designed numerous houses and a survey was conducted on 18 detached houses of 18 architects among the in urban style houses in Seoul and suburban style houses in the suburbs of Seoul. Through this study, it could be found that, as the morphological application of traditional architecture was settled with spatial concept, the external spatial form of the detached houses in Korea after 1980s was changed to westernized form but the internal spacial form had been continuously changing suitable to our emotion by reflecting the living habit and taste with the traditional attitude to perceive and accept the nature. As for the change in the forms of interior space, vertical space with more than two floors became common. Front porch and stair hall, which were located at the center of a house and became an important spacial element that overlapped family's moving line, changed to open and bright space that used transparent glass and increased the space to contact the open air, reflecting our living habit and taste that preferred the feeling of internal openness. A Private space, main room, was more segmented and luxurious, and a public space, living room, secured the independency by getting close to symbolic yard. As for the change in the form of exterior space, the form of façade window has been changing in its location and size and brought free images due to the advancement of technology and material. The shape of roofs was borrowed from western style and a lot of geometrical forms that break away from the concept of angle rater and eaves are appearing.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.657-678
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• 2016

This study deals with the effect of online word-of-mouth (OWOM) variables on the box office. From the result of statistical analysis on 276 films with audiences of more than five hundred thousand released in the Korea from 2012 to 2015, it can be seen that the variables showing the size of OWOM (such as the number of the portal movie rater, blog, and news after release) are associated more with the box office than the portal movie rating showing the direction of OWOM as well as variables showing the inherent properties of the film such as grade, nationality, release month, release season, directors, actors, and distributors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.643-648
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• 2005

In order to supply services necessary for users intelligently in the ubiquitous computing, effective filtering of context information is necessary. But studies of context information filtering have not been made much yet. In order for filtering of context information, we can use collaborative filtering being used much at electric commerce, etc. In order to use such collaborative filtering method in the filtering of ubiquitous computing environment, we must solve such problems as first rater problem, sparsity problem, stored data problem and etc. In this study, in order to solve such problems, the researcher proposes the collaborative filtering method using types of context information. And as the result of applying this filtering method to MAUCA, the P2P mobile agent system, the researcher could confirm the average result of 7.7% in the aspect of service supporting function.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.43
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• pp.239.1-239.12
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• 2018

Background: We described a novel multi-step retinal fundus image reading system for providing high-quality large data for machine learning algorithms, and assessed the grader variability in the large-scale dataset generated with this system. Methods: A 5-step retinal fundus image reading tool was developed that rates image quality, presence of abnormality, findings with location information, diagnoses, and clinical significance. Each image was evaluated by 3 different graders. Agreements among graders for each decision were evaluated. Results: The 234,242 readings of 79,458 images were collected from 55 licensed ophthalmologists during 6 months. The 34,364 images were graded as abnormal by at-least one rater. Of these, all three raters agreed in 46.6% in abnormality, while 69.9% of the images were rated as abnormal by two or more raters. Agreement rate of at-least two raters on a certain finding was 26.7%-65.2%, and complete agreement rate of all-three raters was 5.7%-43.3%. As for diagnoses, agreement of at-least two raters was 35.6%-65.6%, and complete agreement rate was 11.0%-40.0%. Agreement of findings and diagnoses were higher when restricted to images with prior complete agreement on abnormality. Retinal/glaucoma specialists showed higher agreements on findings and diagnoses of their corresponding subspecialties. Conclusion: This novel reading tool for retinal fundus images generated a large-scale dataset with high level of information, which can be utilized in future development of machine learning-based algorithms for automated identification of abnormal conditions and clinical decision supporting system. These results emphasize the importance of addressing grader variability in algorithm developments.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1988

Low-cost microcomputer systems can be assembled which possess computing power, color display, memory, and storage capacity approximately equal to graphic workstactions. A low-cost, flexible, and user-friendly IBM/PC/XT/AT based image processing system has been developed and named as KMIPS(KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology) Map and Image Processing Station). It can be easily utilized by the resource managers who are not computer specialists. This system can: * directly access Landsat MSS and TM, SPOT, NOAA AVHRR, MOS-1 satellite imagery and other imagery from different sources via magnetic tape drive connected with IBM/PC; * extract image up to 1024 line by 1024 column and display it up to 480 line by 672 column with 512 colors simultaneously available; * digitize photographs using a frame grabber subsystem(512 by 512 picture elements); * perform a variety of image analyses, GIS and terrain analyses, and display functions; and * generate map and hard copies to the various scales. All raster data input to the microcomputer system is geographically referenced to the topographic map series in any rater cell size selected by the user. This map oriented, georeferenced approach of this system enables user to create a very accurately registered(.+-.1 picture element), multivariable, multitemporal data sets which can be subsequently subsequently subjected to various analyses and display functions.