• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.366-371
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• 2014

The neural network pitch controller using changing rate of generator speed has been suggested in this paper to regulate wind turbine power above the rated wind speed. The changing rate of generator speed is used in the suggested pitch controller as well as the difference between the rated and current generator speed. Matlab/simulink has been used for simulations and it has been shown that the suggested pitch controller regulates generator speed as the rated speed of 122.9[rad/s].

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.265-271
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• 2012

In the preceding Part I study, for improving the unbalance response vibration of a large PRT motor-generator rotor fundamentally by design, a series of design analyses were carried out for bearing improvement by retrofitting from original plain partial journal bearings, applied for operation at a rated speed of 1,800 rpm, to final tilting pad journal bearings. To satisfy evenly key basic lubrication performances such as the minimum lift-off speed and maximum oil-film temperature, a design solution of 5-pad tilting pad journal bearings and maximizing the direct stiffness by about two times has been achieved. In this Part II study, a detailed rotordynamic analysis of the large PRT motor-generator rotor-bearing system will be performed, applying both the original plain partial journal bearings and the retrofitted tilting pad journal bearings, to confirm the effect of rotordynamic vibration improvement after retrofitting. The results show that the rotor unbalance response vibrations with the tilting pad journal bearings are greatly reduced by as much as about one ninth of those with the plain partial journal bearings. In addition, for the tilting pad journal bearings there exist no critical speed up to the rated speed and just one instance of a concerned critical speed around the rated speed, whereas for the plain partial journal bearings there exist one instance of a critical speed up to the rated speed and two instances of concerned critical speeds around the rated speed.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.73-80
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• 2009

A tidal current turbine is designed and analyzed numerically by using blade element momentum theory. The rated power has a limitation because the diameter of the tidal current turbine cannot exceed the depth of sea water. This study investigates a horizontal axis tidal-current turbine with a rated power of 500 kW. NACA-6 series laminar foil shape is used for basic airfoil along the blade span. The distributions of chord length and twist angle along the blade span are obtained from the hydrodynamic optimization procedure. Prandtl's tip loss correction and angle of attack correction considering the three-dimensional effect are applied for this study. The power coefficient curve shows maximum peak at the rated tip speed ratio of 6.0, and the maximum torque coefficient is developed at the tip speed ratio of 4. The drag coefficient reaches about 0.85 at the design tip speed ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.19-25
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• 2013

Energy generation from an instrumented Skystream 3.7 small wind turbine was used to investigate the effect of ambient turbulence levels on wind turbine power output performance. It is widely known that elevated ambient turbulence level results in decreased energy production, especially for large sized wind turbine. However, over the entire wind speed range from cut in to the rated wind speed, the measured energy generation increased as ambient turbulence levels elevated. The impact degree of turbulence levels on power generation was reduced as measured wind speed approached to the rated wind speed of 13m/s.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.63-70
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• 2015

This paper proposes a novel airfoil named "KA2" for the blade of the wind turbine systems. Dynamic loads characteristics are analyzed and compared using aerodynamic data of ten airfoils including the proposed airfoil. The blade is divided into the sixteen elements in the longitudinal direction of the blade for applying the Blade Element Method Theory (BEMT) method, and in each element, torque, thrust, and pitching moment are calculated using turbulent time varying wind speed and aerodynamic data of each wing. Additionally, each force and torque is accumulated in the whole region of the blade for the estimation of representative values. The magnitude of such forces is comparatively analyzed for different airfoils. The angle of attack is constant below the rated wind speed due to the fact that the tip speed ratio is kept at the constant value, and it increases in the region of over rated wind speed as the tip speed ratio decreasing with constant rated rpm and increasing wind speed. Such increase in the angle of attack causes the changes of the force acting on the airfoil with different characteristics of lift and drag in the stall region of each different airfoil. Even though the mean wind speed is in the rated speed in a given time, because of the turbulence, it has either the over rated or under rated speed most of the time. Furthermore, the dynamic properties of each force are analyzed in this rated wind speed in order to objectively understand the dynamic properties of the blades which are designed based on the different airfoils. These dynamic properties are also compared by the standard deviation of time varying characteristics. Moreover, the output characteristics of the wind turbine are investigated with different airfoils and wind speeds. Based on these investigations, it was revealed that the proposed airfoil (KA2) is well applicable to the blade with passive pitch control system.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.91-98
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• 2021

This paper presents a hydrostatic bearing design and rotordynamic analysis of a turbo expander for a hydrogen liquefaction plant. Th~e turbo expander includes the turbine and compressor wheel assembled to a shaft supported by two hydrostatic radial and thrust bearings. The rated speed is 75,000 rpm and the rated power is 6 kW. For the bearing operation, we use pressurized air at 8.5 bar as the lubricant that is supplied to the bearing through the orifice restrictor. We calculate the bearing stiffness and flow rate for various gauge pressure ratios and select the orifice diameter providing the maximum bearing stiffness. Additionally, we conduct a rotordynamic analysis based on the calculated bearing stiffness and damping considering design parameters of the turbo expander. The predicted Cambell diagram indicates that there are two critical speeds under the rated speed and there exists a sufficient separation margin for the rated speed. In addition, the predicted rotor vibration is under 1 ㎛ at the rated speed. We conduct the operating test of the turbo expander in the test rig. For the operation, we supply pressurized air to the turbine and monitor the shaft vibration during the test. The test results show that there are two critical speeds under the rated speed, and the shaft vibration is controlled under 2.5 ㎛.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.11-16
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• 2014

Although smoke emitted from ships is not included in IMO(International Maritime Organiztion) regulation yet, it is one of the substance what is polluting mainly the air. Especially, its concentration is very high when an engine is started and a load is rapidly changed. This is caused by unburned fuel what is injected more than necessary quantity after combustion period. It is possible to decrease smoke concentration emitted at starting engine by controlling fuel injection quantity, but it is concerned that time to rated speed must be spent. Then a governor what can reduce the smoke concentration without a loss of time to rated speed is needed. We adopted a electro-hydraulic governor what can control dual fuel start limit function and achieved very low level of smoke concentration without greater the loss of time to rated speed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1059-1065
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• 2014

Wind turbine system can obtain the maximum wind energy using torque control under the rated wind speed, and wind turbine power is controlled as the rated power using pitch control over the rated wind speed. In this paper, we present a method for wind turbine pitch controller using neural networks. The purpose of the pitch control is to control generator speed and power in the above rated wind speed. To improve the neural network pitch controller, the difference between a rated and current speed of generator has been used for another input of neural networks as well as wind speed. Error back-propagation algorithm is used for training the neural network pitch controller and simulation and Matlab/Simulink is used for verifying that this system is controlled well.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.467-471
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• 2003

The large synchronous motor for the pumped-storage plant(or SFC : Static Frequency Converter) has to be brought up to 100$\%$ rated speed and synchronized with the AC power network. Starting the motor from rest is achieved by switching current into the stator winding so that interaction between this stator current and the rotor flux will cause the correct direction of torque to be developed so that the motor turns in the required direction. Starting ranges of the synchronous motor are divided into three regions. The first region Is at standstill, the second that is called by the forced commutation is from standstill to 5-8$\%$ of rated speed, and the third, which is called by the natural commutation, is from 5-8$\%$ of rated speed to 100$\%$ rated speed. So this paper describes three regions of the control techniques of the pumped-storage synchronous motor drive.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.91-95
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• 2011

This paper deals with the detail rotordynamic analysis for the assembly rotor composed of turbine wheel, turbine shaft, connecting arbor, and flange & spindle in order to perform the spin test of turbocharger turbine. Prior to rotordynamic analysis, the 1st spin test was performed but the test was failed by excess vibration in the neighborhood rated speed. It is the reason for this fail that the separation margin between the rated speed and critical speed is not enough, confirmed by rotordynamic analysis results. Since then, the dimension of turbine shaft was modified and the critical speeds were again reviewed for modified assmebly rotor. In results, the separation margin between the rated speed and critical speed is over 20% and then the 2nd spin test was performed successfully. In preparing spin test for turbine, compressor wheels and etc., the geometry design of connecting arbor and dimension of rough machining should be reviewed by considering rotordynamic results, and the separation margin should be enough for successful spin test.