• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.235-244
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• 2011

A batch experiment of pyrite oxidation was performed and the surfaces of the reacted pyrite were regularly observed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) together with the chemical compositions of the solution to help understand the oxidation mechanisms of pyrite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (Af). The dissolved Fe concentrations clearly indicated that Af experiences the lag and then exponential growth phase. An Af cell was observed to be attached to the surface of pyrite during the lag, implying that a direct leaching by the microbe really happens for the period. It is not certain, however, whether the main mechanism of pyrite oxidation during that time was the direct leaching or not, because there were just a few cells confirmed to be attached and most of the dissolved Fe was Fe(III). The dissolved Fe concentration stayed almost constant from the mid-lag phase to just before the onset of the exponential phase, suggesting that AI needs an adaptation time to switch its oxidation mechanism from one to the other whichever it is during that stage of growth. The moment of Af's cell division was observed by SEM on the surface of pyrite during the lag phase. The corrosion outline around the dividing cell was quite similar to the shape of the cell itself, which implies that the rate of the microbial oxidation is very uneven and the rate when the cell metabolizes should be much faster than that calculated from the concentration variation of the dissolved Fe. The number of etch holes by Af is much higher on the inoculated surfaces, indicating the average rate of pyrite oxidation is also much faster than that of abiotic oxidation. The microbial etch holes on pyrite surface are small and deep, which may influence the transition of the growth phases of Af from lag to exponential.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.6
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• pp.743-750
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• 2006

Poplars and willow were planted to identify suitable species and varieties for landfill reclamation at the Sudokwon Landfill Site in 1997. Survival rate, growth performance, vitality, visible foliar injury by pollutants, fungi, and leaf insects, and stem borer damage have been investigated for 10 clones of 4 poplar species and 2 clones of one willow species from 1997 to 2005. The average survival rates of poplar and willow clones were drastically decreased from 90% in 1997 to 53% in 2005. Among poplar species, Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa showed the highest mean survival rate of 66%, while Populus koreana ${\times}$ P. nigra var. italica and Populus euramericana were the lowest of 41%, respectively in 2005. Clivus, which is one of the clones from Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa, showed the highest survival rate of 73%. For mean height, Ec028 clone(P. euramericana) showed the highest of $11.2m{\pm}2.1m$ and followed by Clivus of $11.0m{\pm}2.0m$. Clone 131-27(Salix alba) was the lowest of $7.8m{\pm}1.6m$. Vitality, defoliation, visible foliar damage, and stem borer damage were significantly different among clones. Most of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa and Salix alba clones seemed to have strong vitality and to be tolerant to various stresses at the site. However, Populus nigra ${\times}$ P. maximowiczii was sensitive to the stress. We have selected 5 clones in total: Clivus as the best clone for waste landfill reclamation, and additionally two Salix clones 131-25, 131-27 and two clones of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa (72-9, 72-16) have been selected. These five clones could be supplied for planting at sites having an environment similar to the Sudokwon Landfill Site.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2008

This study investigated the synergistic effects of dietary supplementation of quartz porphyry(QP) and a laboratory developed feed stimulants, BAISM(BS) on growth performance and utilization as the additives for juvenile eel Anguilla japonica. Six isoenergetic experimental diets(18.2 kJ/g) were formulated to contain 50% crude protein, 15% lipid with or without dietary QP(Song-Gang stone, Davistone, Korea) and BS supplementation. QP and BS were provided at 0% in the control diet($Q_0B_0$) and at 0.7% QP+0% BS($Q_{0.7}B_0$), 0.7% QP+0.3% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{0.3}$), 0.7% QP+0.5% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{0.5}$), 0.7% QP+0.75% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{0.75}$) and 0.7% QP+1.0% BS($Q_{0.7}B_{1.0}$) in experimental diets on dry matter basis. After four weeks of adaptation, triplicate groups of 30 fish initially averaging $15{\pm}0.1g(mean{\pm}SD)$ were randomly distributed into each aquarium, and they were fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. By the end of the feeding trial, weight gain(%), specific growth rate(%), feed efficiency(%) and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed diet $Q_{0.7}B_{0.5},\;Q_{0.7}B_{0.75}\;and\;Q_{0.7}B_{1.0}$, were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of fish fed the other diets. But, $Q_{0.7}B_{0.5},\;Q_{0.7}B_{0.75}\;and\;Q_{0.7}B_{1.0}$ were no significant differences(P<0.05). In challenge test, fish were infected by intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL bacterial suspension with Edwardsiella tarda per fish after the feeding trial. As a result, fish fed QP and BS supplemented diets have a significantly higher cumulative survival rate than those of fish fed control diet(P<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that the optimum dietary supplementation level of QP and BS could be approximately 0.7% quartz porphyry+0.5% BAISM($Q_{0.7}B_{0.5}$) of diet based on WG, FER, SGR, PER, cumulative survival rate in juvenile eel A. japonica.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.484-489
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• 2008

A new whole crop silage barley cultivar, "Youngyang", was developed from the cross between "Bunong and Milyang55 at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2002. An elite line, YB3882-3B-17-1-3-1, was selected in 1999 and designated as "Milyang111". It showed good agronomic performance in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) from 2000 to 2002 and was released by the name of "Youngyang" with higher yield and better animal feed quality than that of Olbori. The average heading and maturing dates of Youngyang were May 2 and June 6, which were late by 2 & 1 days than those of Olbori, respectively, in Suwon. Youngyang had longer culm length, 83cm but it had lesser spikes per $m^2$ 637 than that of Olbori, respectively, in RYT from 2000 to 2002. The rate of leaf sheath/whole length (culm+leaf) and the rate of the grains/whole crop weight was similar to Olbori. It showed resistance to BaYMV at the regions of Naju, Jinju, Milyang andt Iksan. however, the response of Youngyang to other environmental stresses (tolerance of cold and wet) was similar to Olbori. The dried whole crop yield potential of Youngyang in the RYT was about 11.67 MT/ha in paddy fields which was about 18% higher than that of Olbori. The grain yield potential was 6.32 MT/ha in paddy fields which was about 5% higher than that of Olbori. Youngyang had lower rate of shattering, higher content of protein and NDF, lower ADF and TDN, and better quality of silage than those of Olbori.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 1974

The object of this research is aimed to determine the activity of adenyl cyclase in both skeletal muscle sarcolemma and fat cell ghost of epididymal adipose tissue isolated from rats exposed to cold for various length of time in an attempt to evaluate whether the tissue sensitivity to catecholamine is increased when rats are exposed to cold for long periods of time Methods: a)Animals: Albino rats ranging in weight from 150 to 200 gm were used throughout this study. For experimental purposes, the rats are divided into two groups: experimental animals were place4 in a cold room at $4^{\circ}C$, controls being kept at $25^{\circ}C$. At the end of 2, 4, 6, 12, and 16 weeks. exposure to cold the rats were used to measure the adenyl cyclase activity. b) Isolation of plasma membrane from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: The Plasma membrane of skeletal muscle from hind limbs of rats are prepared by the method employed by Rosenthal et at. and fat cell ghost of epididymal adipose tissue of rats by the method employed by Rodbell. c) Adenyl cyclase assay: Adenyl cyclase activity were measured by the method employed by Marinetti et al. Briefly, plasma membrane was incubated with $3^H-ATP$, various amount of noradrenaline and other incubation mixture at $37^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes. After stopping the enzyme reaction by immersion in boiling water, carrier 3',5'-AMP was added to the system as a marker and $100\;{\mu}1$ aliquots of incubation mixture were pipetted on $20{\time}20$ Whatman No. 3 MM filter paper for one dimensional chromatography. The cyclic AMP spots were cut off and placed in counting vials containing 10ml of Bray's scintillation cocktail. Radioactivity was determined with a Packard Tri-Carb liquid scintillation counter. The enzyme activity is expressed as nanomoles of cyclic AMP produced per mg of membrane per hour. Result: 1. Average adenyl cyclase activity in the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle before and after noradrenaline administration was significantly higher in the cold-exposed rats as compared to the control. Continuous exposure to cold Produced an increased adenyl cyclase activity before and after noradrenaline administration. Adenyl cyclase activity reached peak levels at the 6 weeks exposure to told and level of adenyl cyclase activity remained high. Noradrenaline administration to the incubation medium induced a significant increase in adenyl cyclase activity and the degree of stimulation were proportional to the hormonal concentration But the rate of inclement in adenyl cyclase activity by noradreasline was the same in both groups. 2. Adenyl cyclase activity in fat cell ghost between cold exposed and control rats showed no significant differences before and after noradreualine administration. In summary, it can be concluded that cold adaptation give rise an increased activity of adenyl cyclase in plasma membrane of skeletal muscle in rats.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2016

Firms should seek greater profits and corporate growth through new businesses. New businesses contribute realizing creative economy that creates good jobs, and expanding the company by securing new markets and creating new profits and growth. However, new business is risky management decision-making to have a high failure rate because it involves the adaptation of new business environment and the burden of new investments, including the uncertainty of success in business. Therefore, innovation strategies play important roles for the new business entry, using product innovation, process innovation, business model innovation, disruptive innovation, and strategic innovation, etc. and company will get huge economic results by pushing them into successful business. It is essential that innovation strategy and IT development strategy along with business strategy of a firm are linked, and their strategic alignment is considered to be a critical success factor for new business success. Hyundai Heavy Industries(HHI) pursued marine engine business for the development of precision machinery industry and shipbuilding industry of Korea, and the company recognized the importance of new business strategy, innovation strategy, and IT strategy inter-linked, and pushed strategic alignment boldly. As a result, HHI won the competition in European and Japanese engine manufacturers and climbed into the world's largest engine manufacturer. This study suggests investigating and analyzing a case that HHI succeeded in marine engine business expansion using strategic innovation strategy as a way of the introduction of CNC machine tools and the development of HEMAPT system.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.116-129
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• 2005

Distraction osteogenesis is a new bone formation technique. There is a advantage of the environmental adaptation when distraction force is applied to the gap between osteotomy lines. But it has a disadvantage of long-term wearing of the appliance and long consolidation period. Therefore we make an effort to reduce it and repair normal function. Extracellular matrix proteins have a function to control the cellular growth, migration, shape and metabolism. In these, hyaluronic acid is a member of polysaccharide glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and has a important function as bone formation and osteoinduction property. Purpose : In this experimental study in rabbit mandibular distraction osteogenesis, we investigated the bone enhancing property of hyaluronic acid and the expression of extracellular proteins such as osteocalcin and osteonectin. Materials and Methods : The experimental study was carried out on 24 Korean male white rabbits (both mandibular body, n=48). Distraction group was divided to distraction experimental (A, n=16) and distraction control (B, n=16) by the application of hyaluronic acid (Hyruan, LGCI, Seoul, Korea). Normal control group (C, n=16) was only osteotomized. After 5 days latency, distraction devices were activated at a rate of 1.4 mm per day (0.7 mm every 12hours) for 3.5 days. Animals were sacrificed at postoperative 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. H&E stain and immunohistochemical stain was done on decalcified section. Additionally RT-PCR analysis was done for the identification of the expression of osteocalcin and osteonectin. Results : The bone formation in distraction experimental group was much more than that in distraction and normal control group at postoperative 28 days. In immunohistochemical stain, osteocalcin was enhanced at only postoperative 14 days, but osteonectin was not different at each post-operation days. In RT-PCR analysis, osteocalcin was not different at each post-operation days, but osteonectin was strongly expressed in distraction experimental group at postoperative 7 days. The expression of osteocalcin and osteonectin was elevated during the healing period. Conclusion : We found the good bone formation ability of hyaluronic acid in distraction osteogenesis through the immunohistochemistry and RTPCR analysis to osteocalcin and osteonectin, known as a bone formation marker. The application of hyaluronic acid in distraction osteogenesis is a method to reduce the consolidation period.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2008

The treatment of a model wastewater containing quinoline in an integrated wet oxidation-aerobic biological treatment was investigated. Partial wet oxidation under mild operating conditions was capable of converting the original quinoline to biodegradable organic acids such as nicotinic, formic and acetic acid, the solution of which was subjected to the subsequent aerobic biological treatment. The wet oxidation was carried out at 250$^{\circ}C$ and the initial pH of 7.0, and led to effluents of which nicotinic acid was oxidized through 6-hydroxynicotinic acid by a Bacillus species in the subsequent aerobic biological treatment. Either homogeneous catalyst of $CuSO_4$ or phenol, which is more degradable in the wet oxidation compared to quinoline, was also used for increasing the oxidation rate in the wet oxidation of quinoline at 200$^{\circ}C$. The oxidation of quinoline in the catalytic wet oxidation and the wet co-oxidation with phenol resulted in effluents of which nicotinic acid was biodegradable earlier in the aerobic biological treatment compared to those out of the non-catalytic wet oxidation at 250$^{\circ}C$. However, the lag phase in the biodegradation of nicotinic acid formed out of the wet oxidation at 250$^{\circ}C$ was considerably shortened after the adaptation of Bacillus species used in the aerobic biological treatment with the effluents of the quinoline wet oxidation.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.213-234
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• 2003

The purposes of this study which was done by questionnaire survey and case study of First Aid Certification Program in Seoul Health College were to analyze results and effects of the college financial support program from Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development. The significant 164 data were collected from 300 professors in 8 colleges having the Department of Emergency Care from Oct. 1, 2002 to Dec. 31, 2002 and analyzed using SPSS in terms of t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and so on. The conclusions and suggestions from this study were summarized as follows; (1) Degree of acknowledgement about aims, contents, results of the college financial support program was above the middle(participants 4.21, non-participants 3.63) and higher relation than the others in case of participants(r:0.32 p<0.001), planning team(r:0.22 p<0.05). (2) Degree of acknowledgement about improvement of curriculum & educational facilities through the program was above the middle and higher relation than the others in case of participants. (3) Degree of acknowledgement about positive influence on acquirement rate of certification(licence) & job through the program was above the middle and performance & adaptation at work place was higher relation than the others in case of participants. (4) Degree of acknowledgement about positive influence on improvement of learning of student's major through the program was above the middle and higher relation than the others in case of participants. (5) The respondents thought that the program had a negative influence on professor's educational activities & research such as study 40.4%, lecture 23.1%, student guidance 12.5%. (6) When the program was administered by planning team, there were difficulties such as execution of budget 42.1%, cooperation with companies 17.1%, cooperation among program teams 11.8%, when it was administered by non-planning team there were difficulties such as execution of budget 45.5%, cooperation among departments 22.7%, cooperation with companies 13.6%. (7) Because it was too short to execute the budget, the ministry have to select proposed programs before the next school year. (8) This program should be changed temporary, insufficient support into consecutive, sufficient support for more characterization & specialization of the college which has a long-term developmental plan & vision.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 1991

This study was to examine the effects of dietary protein levels and the sources of protein(animal and plant) on calcium and phosphorus metabo lism in 10 healthy Korean female adults. The 26­d day study consisted of a 6-day adaptation period and lO-day moderate protein(109 N, 550mg Ca) a and IO-day high protein( 14g N, 570mg Ca) pe­r riod. During the experimental period, the subjects w were divided into two groups, either consuming a animal protein diet(75 % animal protein) or plant protein diet(75 % plant protein). Calcium(300 mg) was supplemented to two subjects of each d dict group for the last 4 days. Feces, urine and diet were analyzed nitrogen. calcium and phos­p phorus. The apparent absorption of calcium was significantly increased as the protein intake was inc­r reased from 60g to 90g in animal protein diet. A Average calcium absorption rate was 30% and 46 % from high and moderate levels of animal p protein diet Urinary calcium excretion was not affected by t the amount of the protein intake in both animal and plant protein diet. There was significantly higher urinary calcium excretion(I34mg) in high I level of animal protein diet than that( 83mg) in h high level of plant protein diet. Calcium balance was improved as the protein intake increased and c calcium was supplemented. Phosphorus absorp­t tion was more efficient in the high animal diet(77.81 %) than in the high plant diet(55-65%). The overall results indicate that an increase of protein and calcium supplement in moderate pro­ttein intake can improve calcium balance due to the increase of calcium absorption.