• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1427-1433
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• 2008

There is SARLM scheme for dynamic adaptation to network congestion status which arises from multicast applications. However, in this scheme, when congestion occurs in a local, the waste of available bandwidth occurs in non-congestion local because of reducing of transmission rate in congestion local. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical multicast for dynamic adaptation to network congestion. In proposed scheme, we select a representative in each local. while congestion status. It receives packet from multicast sender and hierarchically transmits packet to the representative in congestion status by unicast for preventing decrease of transmission rate and the representative in congestion local transmits packet to the receivers in local by multicast. In experimental results, it was known that the proposed scheme could improve transmission rate of receivers in congestion status and more efficiently used available bandwidth.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

The problem of social adaptation of North Korean defectors is becoming increasingly important, as its core significance shifted from welfare to the preparatory stage of United Korea. Hence, this research tries to comprehend the 'factors that enhance their social adaptation'. For this end, by theoretically considering, support resources centered around economic goals did indeed increase the employment rate, but the 'premature social adaptation' did not help them form their own social identity. This led the employment to become another form of social failure and difficulty in social adaptation. Furthermore, by going through interview, the importance of 'social dependence' is emphasized and it was shown that it was 'relationship' that affects both social adaptation and difficulty in social adaptation. Accordingly, this research suggests that it is vital to make a communicative environment in which South and North Korean citizens can freely communicate. This will not only lead to enhancement of social adaptation to South Korean society, unsolvable by economic independence, but it will also lead to more effective 'economic support' policies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.32B no.1
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• pp.180-188
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• 1995

A modified Kohonen's self-organizing feature map (SOFM) algorithm which has binary reinforcement function and a constant learning rate is proposed. In contrast to the time-varing adaptaion gain of the original Kohonen's SOFM algorithm, the proposed algorithm uses a constant adaptation gain, and adds a binary reinforcement function in order to compensate for the lowered learning ability of SOFM due to the constant learning rate. Since the proposed algorithm does not have the complicated multiplication, it's digital hardware implementation is much easier than that of the original SOFM.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.12-19
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• 1982

In general the design methods of adaptive filter are divided into two categories, one is based upon the local parameter optimization theory and the other is based upon stability theory. Among the various design techniques, the LMS algorithm by steepest-descent method which is based upon local parameter optimization theory is used widely. In designing the adaptive filter, the most important factor is the convergence rate of the algorithm. In this paper a new algorithm is proposed to improve the convergence rate of adaptive firter compared with the commonly used LMS algorithm. The faster convergence rate is obtained by adjusting the adaptation gain of LMS algorithm. And various aspects of improvement of the adaptive filter characteristics are discussed in detail.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2014

Objective: To determine Korean facial profile preferences based on lip position as assessed by Hispanic-Americans of varying western adaptation levels and to determine whether the age and sex of the rater had any influence. Methods: For this study, 132 Hispanic-Americans and 68 Caucasians of varying age, sex and western adaptation levels volunteered to rate their preference of Korean male and female facial silhouettes having lips ranging from retruding to protruding. The Hispanic-Americans were also asked to complete a Bidimensional Acculturation Scale questionnaire to determine their western adaptation status: low-acculturated Hispanics (LAH; lesser western-adapted Hispanic participants) or high-acculturated Hispanics (HAH; higher western-adapted Hispanic participants). Results: The LAHs preferred significantly more retruded lip positions (p < 0.05) while HAHs showed some similarities with Caucasian participants in the results for the Korean male profile, even though HAHs preferred more retruded lip positions for the Korean female profile than Caucasians did (p < 0.05). The age and sex of raters did not influence the preference of facial profiles (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that Hispanic-Americans prefer a flatter Korean lip profile. It would be prudent for orthodontists to offer patients the option of altering lip profile through orthodontic and/or orthognathic surgery treatments.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.119-139
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• 1999

While many factors could be mentioned to the rapid development of Israel for the last 50 years, it could not be overemphasized the critical role of large scale influx of Jewish immigrants not only in the process of achieving national independence but to the development of modernization. It is well known that mass influx of people in a relatively short period of time may cause serious social problems in various areas such as housing shortage, increasing crime rate, etc. Nontheless, Israel is avidly recognized as a country that successfully overcome such problems by means of creating systematic social integration systems and practicing various adaptation assistance programs for new immigrants. This study was concerned with such a successful social adaptation-assistance programs of Israel for large scale immigrants those who came from all over the world with different socio-economic background. In order to answer the research questions, following two areas of topics were researcher`s main concern. First, organizational structure and functions of the Ministry of Immigrant Absorption of Israel and Jewish Agency that are primarily responsible for the economic, occupational, social, and cultural integration of immigrants during their first three years (five years for housing-aid) in Israel. Second practical adaptation assistance programs such as direct absorption basket, Ulpan, Aliyah 2000, special projects of Keren Hayesod and two of Aliyah Absorption Centers are examined. And lastly some of implications and suggestions are provided in the conclusion section in relation with social adaptation-assistance and integration of reunified Korea, especially from the point of North Koreans.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.1C
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

We improved the MLLR speaker adaptation algorithm with reduction of the order of HMM parameters using PCA(Principle Component Analysis) or ICA(Independent Component Analysis). To find a smaller set of variables with less redundancy, we adapt PCA(principal component analysis) and ICA(independent component analysis) that would give as good a representation as possible, minimize the correlations between data elements, and remove the axis with less covariance or higher-order statistical independencies. Ordinary MLLR algorithm needs more than 30 seconds adaptation data to represent higher word recognition rate of SD(Speaker Dependent) models than of SI(Speaker Independent) models, whereas proposed algorithm needs just more than 10 seconds adaptation data. 10 components for ICA and PCA represent similar performance with 36 components for ordinary MLLR framework. So, compared with ordinary MLLR algorithm, the amount of total computation requested in speaker adaptation is reduced by about 1/167 in proposed MLLR algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.12-23
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a Korean version of evidence-based enteral tube feeding (ETF) guidelines through adaptation of existing ETF guidelines. Methods: The guideline adaptation process was conducted into 24 steps according to a manual for guideline adaptation version 2.0 developed by NECA. Results: The adapted ETF nursing practice guideline was consisted of 9 domains and 20 recommendations, including confirmation of tube placement, risk of aspiration, assessment gastric residual volume, body positioning, treating feeding tube occlusion, administration rate, medication, tube flushes, and interruption of feeding. The results of the grading of recommendations assessment by expert penal showed that 8 recommendations in Grade A, 4 in grade B, and 8 in Grade C were emerged from the process. The range of content validity index scores by expert penal was 0.8-1.0. Conclusion: It is expected that the adapted ETF nursing practice guideline could be helpful for nurses to practice evidence-based ETF for their patients.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

One 30-day feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary salt on seawater adaptability of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) fed three experimental diets containing 0% (control), 4% and 8% salt. The experimetal period included 30 days of feeding trial in freshwater, 3 days of the step by step seawater acclimation with-out feeding diets, and 21 more days of seawater adaptation period (not with all experimental fish) with feeding the basal diet. Growth rates from triplicate groups were determined fur 30 days of feeding trial. Blood samples were taken at the begining and at the end of feeding trial, and 3 times (on 1st, 4th and 8th day) of the seawater adaptation period. Daily survival rates of duplicate groups from three experimetal treatments were recorded for 21 days of the seawater adaptation period. Total average initial and final fish weight were $149.5{\pm}7.6\;and\;187.1{\pm}7.6g$. Feed efficiency of fish fed diets containing 4% and 8% salt were significantly better than those of fish fed the control diet. Average cumulative survival rates were 72, 80 and 88% from the control, 4% and 8% salt diets, respectively. Pulse rate per minutes decreased with dietary salt level. Serum $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ concentrations of fish fed 4% and 8% salt diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the control diet (P<0.05), however, the concentrations were stabilized after 8 days of seawater adaptation. Serum cortisol, glucose, cholesterol and tryglyceride concentrations, and the osmorality of fish decreased with dietary salt level, these values were significantly lower than those of fish fed the control diet. These results indicated that the dietary supplementation of salt could have advantages for seawater adaptability of rainbow trout.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.197-208
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate levels of vocational identity, adaptation in a nursing school, and nursing student satisfaction with major and clinical practice, to examine their interrelationships, and to investigate predictors affecting the vocational identity of nursing students. The participants were 335 nursing students in D city who were surveyed from October to December 2016 using a self-report questionnaire. The data from 317 participants (response rate 94.6%) were analyzed. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between college adaptation, satisfaction with major, satisfaction with clinical practice, and vocational identity. In the multiple regression analysis, college adaptation, satisfaction with major, and satisfaction with clinical practice were factors significantly associated with the vocational identity. These three factors explained 50.6% of the vocational identity of nursing students. Due to the high turnover rate among new nurses, it is critical that nursing students have a vocational identity as nurses. In order to improve vocational identity, nurse educators should consider helping students to adapt to nursing college, and to become satisfied with major and clinical practice.