• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1112-1117
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• 2005

Construction cost index is generally used to estimate the new project cost based on past construction data and to adjust contract cost when the price change of various articles and items of expenditure composing the contract occurs. In Korea, it is mostly used for adjustment of construction contract cost due to fluctuation of prices. However index adjustment rate which is used for adjustment of construction contract cost had some problems in calculating cost index of each expenditure item that could not reflect properly the change of construction cost. For supplementing these problems, the research of developing construction cost index has been executed. Through the precedent research, these problems were partially resolved but still remain. Therefore this research proposes method of making cost index that utilizes representative items of labor, material, and equipment by analyzing bill of quantity of road construction, through analysis and comparison of precedent study. By using this method, it is expected to solve problems which were not reflected in precedent studies.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.5-24
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• 1992

This research presets the method of determining basic capacity of signalized intersection using the concept of ideal saturation flow rate. Vehicle discharge rates during green time were collected and studied as part of the preparation of Korean Highway Capacity Manual. From the result of this study the ideal saturation flow rate and saturation queue position were determined. In addition, based on the ideal saturation flow rate two geometric adjustment factors(lane width and grade adjustment factors) were studied. The results were presented in this paper.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2012

공공공사의 물가변동률 산정방식은 지수조정과 품목조정 방식이 있으며, 관련법규에서는 품목조정방법을 원칙으로 삼고 있으나 대다수의 건설현장에서는 지수조정의 방법으로 계약금액조정이 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 지수조정과 품목조정 방식의 직접적 상호 비교분석을 통해 차이의 정도 및 차이 발생 원인을 규명함으로써 조정방법간 차이에 따른 불균등을 해소하였으며, 각각의 방법에서 발견되어지는 불합리성에 대한 합리적 방안을 제시하였다. 공공주택건설공사의 건축공사를 대상으로 동일공사의 공사원가요소 즉, 직접재료비, 직접노무비, 실적공사비의 지수조정과 품목조정방법에 의한 세부 등락률을 산정하여 두 가지 조정방법간 차이를 분석하고 그 원인을 규명하였다. 분석결과 품목조정의 방법이 분석 전반에서 지수 조정에 비해 등락률이 낮게 산출되었으며, 차이발생의 주요원인으로 견적단가의 등락률 산정방법 상이, 공사종류 및 공사특성과 무관한 지수 적용 등에 기인한 결과로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 계약당사자간 원활한 계약금액조정을 위하여 조정방법간 차이를 직접 대응하여 비교분석하는 방법으로, 실제 발생되는 차이를 실체적으로 증명하였다는 점에 의의가 있다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.281-284
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• 2004

This paper presents the design and implementation of a QoS based enhanced collaboration system in MDO. This is an efficient distributed communication tool between designers. It supports text communication, audio/video communication, file transfer and XML data sending/receiving. Specially, this system supports a dynamic QoS self-adaptation by using the improved direct adjustment algorithm (DAA+). The original direct adjustment algorithm adjusts the transmission rate according to the congestion level of the network, based on the end to end real time transport protocol (RTP), and controls the transmission rate by using the information of loss ratio in real time transport control protocol (RTCP). But the direct adjustment algorithm does not consider when the RTCP packets are lost. We suggest an improved direct adjustment algorithm to solve this problem. We apply our improved direct adjustment algorithm to our of QoS (Quality of Service) [1] based collaboration system and show the improved performance of transmission rate and loss ratio.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.84-101
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• 1993

The current method of rate adjustment is based on the evaluation of the financial performance of hospitals. The method has the disadvantages such as too complicated, expensive process as well as low reliability due to small sample size. This study, therefore, develops a new model for the rate adjustment with the use of the composite index. In addition to that, it examines the validity of the model by comparing the result of the new method with that of the conventional method. The idea of the new model comes from the Medicare Economic Index(MEI) on which physician fees for the Medicare patients are adjusted periodically in the United States. Medical costs are classified into three groups : labor costs, materials and other expenses. Labor costs are subdivided into physicians and other personnels. Materials are subdivided into drugs and others. Other expenses are subdivided into 5 items. Macro economic indices are selected for each cost item in order to reflect the cost inflation during the specific period. Then the composite index which integrate all items according to the ration of each item in the total costs is calculated. The result from the application of empirical data to the new model is very similar to that of the current method. Furthermore, this method is very simple and also to easy to get social concensus. This model can be replaced the current method based on the analysis of the financial performance for the adjustment of medical fees.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2000

This paper presents an NC code post-processor that adjusts feedrates to keep the variation of metal removal rate along the tool paths minimum. Metal removal rate is estimated by virtually machining the part, whose surface model is built from a series of NC codes defined in operation plan, with cutting-tool-assembly models, whose geometry are defined in a machining database. The NC code post-processor modifies the feedrates by the adjustment rules, which are based on the machining knowledge for effective machining. This paper illustrates a procedure fur grouping machining conditions and we also show how to determine an adjustment rule for a machining-condition group. An example part was machined and it shows that the variation of cutting force was dramatically reduced after applying the NC code post-processor. The NC code post-processor is expected to increase productivity while maintaining the quality of the machined part.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1995

The study was designed to examine the relationship between shyness and social behaviors such as interpersonal adjustment and peer acceptance. The subjects were 435 sixth-graders(221 boys and 214 girls) and their mothers and teachers. They completed questionnaires to rate the behavioral characteristics of the children. The main results showed that 1) shyness, interpersonal adjustment, and peer acceptance varied little as a function of sex and birth order of children, and 2) shyness was related negatively both to interpersonal adjustment and to peer acceptance.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.399-407
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• 2003

Purpose: The study was done to identify adjustment to hospital life of school aged children. This research was designed as a descriptive study. Method: A convenience sample of 186 patients who were hospitalized children, 6~12 years old. The instrument in this study were developed by researcher and constructed to include 5 sub categories about adjustment to hospital life. They ask children to rate each item on 5 Likert scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS Win Program. Result: The mean average score of adjustment to hospital life was 91.75(SD 11.22); the social support revealed the highest value, followed by self-esteem, stress on disease, stress on hospitalization, and defense strategies. There was differences on bibliographic data; hospital date, disease type. The relationship between adjustment and sub categories was significant, especially in the stress on hospitalization and disease, social support and self-esteem. The relationship between coping strategies and stress on diseases was reversed. Conclusion: These results suggest that pediatric nurses need to be aware of the adjustment to hospital life. A development of nursing intervention program may be useful and critical for hospitalized school aged children.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.156-177
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• 1999

The current method of rate adjustment for inflation is based on the evaluation of the financial performance of hospitals. The method has the disadvantage such as too complicated, expensive process as well as low reliability. This study, therefore, develops the 'Korean Medical Insurance Economic Index(MIEI)' as a new model for the rate adjustment with the use of the macro economic indices. In addition, we calculate the 1992∼1998 rate adjustment with the MIEI, and examines the validity of the MIEI by comparing with the conventional method. Medical costs are classified into nine categories : physician salaries, nurse·pharmacist·medical technician salaries, assistants & others salaries, material cost(by imports), material cost(by domestics), depreciation & rent paid(by imports), depreciation & rent paid(by domestics), power utilities, other administrative costs. Then the category weight which is the ratio of category in the total cost is calculated. Macro economic indices are selected for each cost category in order to reflect the concept of the each cost category and inflation during the year of 1992∼1998. Finally MIEI which integrate all category according to the category weight and selected macro indices is calculated. The mean of hospital MIEI which weighting by amount paid by insurers was cacluated. The result from the application of empirical data to the MIEI model is very similar to that of the current method. Furthermore, this method is very simple and also easy to get social consensus. This MIEI model can be replaced the current method based on the analysis of the financial performance for the adjustment of medical fees.

• 아동학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.91-110
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• 2015

In upper elementary period school adjustment and the effect of parenting face a new set of dynamics. We assumed that parental supervision, affection, incoherence, over-expectation, over-interruption and logical explanation would have an effect on individual trajectories in the development of school adjustment. Additionally, we hypothesized that this model would be different among boys and girls. In this study we analyzed three waves of data collected from 2,378 children nationwide in South Korea. This data was gathered from the Panel Study of Korean Youth and Adolescents conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute(NYPI). Growth-curve longitudinal analysis was conducted and the results indicate that levels of school adjustment had decreased through the $4^{th}$ to $6^{th}$ grade. Parents' supervision, affection and logical explanation significantly predict children's initial school adjustment as well as their rate of decrease in their levels of school adjustment. Parents' supervision had a positive effect on girls' school adjustment. Parents' over-expectation had negative effect on boys' school adjustment levels. Policy implications and future directions for research were also discussed.