• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 1993

The prominent malar region has been recognized a sign of youth and beauty in caucasian who generally have a dolichocephalic and long face. But in the orients, especially Koreans who generally have a mesocephalic or brachycephalic face, it is considered an agressive, unesthetic facial appearance. So many patients require the shaving of prominent malar eminence and arch, and many methods of its reduction have been devised. For the exposure of malar complex, infraorbital skin incision, intraoral approach, preauricular approach, supraauricular scalp incision, and coronal approach have been used. And for the reduction of bony structure, direct shaving, contouring and repositioning of the malar complex after extirpation, and medially fracture of zygomatic arch have been used with its own merits. We performed the reduction malarplasty through intraoral approach. After two parallel oeteotomy at medial part of the zygomatic bone, the midsegment is removed. The posterior arch of zygoma was bended or green stick fractured. When more correction was required, the posterior arch was fractured medially through the step incision at skin. This method has a some advantages. Compared with the method for extirpation of malar complex, the infection rate is diminished, the resorption is small because of no free bone graft. And cheek drooping is prevented. Compared with the method of coronal approach, the surgical trauma is minimal. Now we report some cases of reduction malarplasty performed through intraoral approach and disscus the surgical technique and results.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.85-93
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• 2008

For music score recognition, several approaches have been proposed including shape matching, statistical methods, neural network based methods and structural methods. In this paper, we deal with recognition for low resolution images which are captured by the digital camera of a mobile phone. Considerable distortions are included in these low resolution images, so when existing technology is used, many problems appear. First, captured images are not stable in the sense that they contain lots of distortions or non-uniform illumination changes. Therefore, notes or symbols in the music score are damaged and recognition process gets difficult. This paper presents recognition technology to overcome these problems. First, musical note to head, stick, tail part are separated. Then template matching on head part of musical note, and remainder part is applied. Experimental results show nearly 100% recognition rate for music scores with single musical notes.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.42-52
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• 2009

From the beginning of 2000, Korean housing market has experienced cyclical volatility because of the global economic fluctuation such as steady decline in the interest rate and the house price bubble. In response to these state Korean Government announced policies about housing sales system kinds of Sales Unit Price Restraint and Post-Sales System to stabilize housing market. But such policies has brought unprecedented arguments both for and against, most of whom still seem to stick to self-centered judgement ahead of impact on housing market. In an integrated point of view, applying the system dynamics modeling, the paper aims at proposing basic Korean housing market dynamics models based on basis principles of housing market determined by supply and demand. And then, after research policies about housing sales system, analyze Impact on Korean Housing Market by change of Sales Systems applying policies to basic Korean housing market dynamics models.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.703-711
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• 2018

Recently, as various metro lines have been constructed and connected to other lines the rate of utilization has also been increased. However, the existing fare policy which the government does still stick to causes not only inappropriate action to the demand pattern but aggravation of the profit of the operation company. This study reviewed rail fare policy of major countries such as Japan and U.K etc. to improve the rationality of fare policy in Korea. In order to systematical analysis of fare policy, such viewpoints as of fare decision method, the card fare discounting system, the structure of fare, and the government subsidy policy were reviewed. Based on the results from the review, various problems and improvement plans were drawn. Through this study, appropriate fare systems to urban railway users could be given to improve the chronic deficit problem of urban railway operators.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.607-612
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• 2005

A traditional tie-over dressing may be applied to support the take of a skin graft. Although there are many advantage of this method, it has significant disadvantages, including time-consuming application. Furthermore, when the dressing is changed, the gauze becomes hard and can be stuck to the graft, causing damage and pain upon removal. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the effect of semi-occlusive dressing using polyurethane foam and film dressing($Allevyn^{(R)}$, $Opsite^{(R)}$) after full thickness skin graft. The authors treated 45 cases including burn scar contracture(n=38), syndactyly (n=1), absence of nipple-areolar complex(n=4), traumatic skin defect(n=1) and contact burn(n=1) with authors' method and 39 patients including burn scar contracture (n=39) with the tie-over dressing between 2000 and 2004. The patients in polyurethane foam and film dressing group ranged from 1 to 62 years of age (mean age, 15.1 years) and the patients in tie-over dressing group ranged from 2 to 60 years of age(mean age, 21.3 years). The postoperative results were analyzed according to the following measures: (1) the duration of graft-taking, (2) the admission period, (3) complications. Compared with the traditional tie-over dressing, polyurethane foam and film dressing was shown to be more successful in a reduced duration of graft-taking, in which was similar to the former in the rate of graft-taking, a reduced admission period and patient's discomfort. We concluded that semi-occlusive dressing using $Allevyn^{(R)}$ and $Opsite^{(R)}$ was an effective method after full thickness skin graft, which was easy to shape to difficult body locations, such as web spaces, fingers and maintains a moist environment for wound healing and does not stick to the wound.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.915-922
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• 2006

Considering heat pipe design principles in fabrication and operational performances, water is one of the most recommended working fluids to make mid to low tempera lure heat pipes. But the conventional water heat pipes might encounter the failure in a cold start-up operation when socked at a chilling temperature lower than the freezing point. If they are subjected to a heat supply for start-up at a temperature around $-20^{\circ}C$, the rate of the vapor flow and the corresponding heat transfer from the evaporator to the condenser is so small that the vapor keeps to stick on the surface of the chilling condenser wall, forming an ice layer, resulting in a liquid deficiency in the evaporator. This kind of problems was resolved by Kang et al. in 2004 by adopting a gas loading heat pipe technology to the conventional water heat pipes. This study was conducted to examine a chilling start-up procedure of gas loading heat pipes by investigating the behaviors of heat pipe wall temperatures. And the thermal resistance of the gas loaded heat pipe that depends on the operating temperatures and heat loads was measured and examined. Two water heat pipes were designed and fabricated for the comparison of performances, one conventional and the other loaded with $N_2$ gas. They were put on start-up test at a heat supply of 30 W after having been socked at an initial temperature around $-20^{\circ}C$. It was observed that the gas loaded one had succeeded in chilling start-up operation.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.122-127
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• 2019

In this study, we investigate the electrochemical performance of lithium terephthalate (LTA) battery using graphite coated metal current collector to overcome the disadvantages of organic batteries which is high interfacial resistance between current collector and electrode. The LTA anode material is synthesized by acid-based ion exchange reaction without impurities. The contact properties between stick-type LTA-based electrode and graphite coated current collector are estimated by the cross-section SEM and EIS. The graphite coated current collector significantly reduced the interfacial resistance of the LTA battery. The second discharge capacities of bare current collector LTA and graphite coated current collector LTA batteries are 107.6 mAh/g and 148.8 mAh/g at 0.1C, respectively. The graphite coated current collector LTA batteries show higher cycle life, higher discharge capacity, and higher rate-capability than bare LTA batteries.

• Plant Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.42-46
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• 2021

The equation of motion of the drill string along the excavation trajectory was analyzed using the Lagrangian approach together with the finite element method (FEM). A drill string of circular cross section is constructed by combining a plurality of circular axes each having 12 degrees of freedom (DOF). FEM analysis can observe the vibration and dynamic changes of the entire drill string, and it is easy to apply comprehensive boundary conditions to reproduce the simulation of a realistic drill string. In this study, the constructed FEM motel was simulated. In order to apply the FEM program to the actual drill trajectory, the dynamic analysis of the curved beam was verified by comparison with the actual values. The dynamic change over time was observed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.318-326
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• 2021

This study aims to the effectiveness of physical examination using VR contents to solve problems such as the increase in chronic diseases and shortage of professional manpower in the health care field according to the aging and low birth rate, and to provide efficient healthcare. Therefore, this study implemented a one-stop VR content physical examination system by wearing HTC VIVE Pro VR and a stick controller. The system is from step 1 to step 5, and the final body age is determined and a simple solution is provided through five steps sequentially: color blind test, memory test, audiogram test, reaction speed test, and instantaneous cognitive ability test. In addition, for the one-stop VR content physical examination system developed by this study, as a result of verifying the user satisfaction for normal people who visited the health examination center and VR/AR clinical trial center of certified tertiary hospital in Daejeon, the overall satisfaction and the intention to reuse Was high, and according to gender, there was a significant difference in the 5-step test, and according to the age, there were significant differences in the 4-step test and the 5-step test.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.267-282
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• 1997

This study was to test the relationship between regular physical exercise and physical fitness in nursing students. These subjects were 54 volunteers who agreed with intention of this study and were composed of 24 active group and 30 non-active group. The selected physical fitness tests were grip strength and back strength for measuring muscular strength, sargent jump and standing broad jump for measuring power, push-up, sit-up, and heart rate for measuring total endurance, reaction time and side step test for measuring agility, stick test and stork stand for measuring balance, and trunk flexion and trunk extension for measuring flexibility. The conclusion acquired was as follows : 1) Grip strength had significant difference between active group of $29.5{\pm}5.9kg$ and non-active group $25.4{\pm}7.2kg$(t=2.283, p=.027), and back strength between active group of $54.1{\pm}13.7kg$ and non-active group of $44.7{\pm}15.7kg$(t=2.310, p=.025), 2) Sargent jump was lower with non-active group($44.9{\pm}8.6cm$) than with active group($45.3{\pm}8.8cm$), however, was not significant(t=.182, p=.856). Standing broad jump was significantly lower with non-active group of $161.3{\pm}28.7cm$ than with active group of $191.4{\pm}27.0cm$(t=3.939, p=.000). 3) Push-up showed significant difference between active group of $25.3{\pm}12.3times$ and non-active group of $11.5{\pm}5.1times$(t=5.572, p=.000), and sit-up between active group of $21.8{\pm}7.4times$ and non-active group of $17.1{\pm}5.8times$(t=2.631, p=.011), and heart rate between actvie group of $110.5{\pm}12.8$beats/min and non-active group of $121.5{\pm}9.5$beats/min(t=-3.648, p=.001). 4) Reaction time was significantly higher with non-active group of $.300{\pm}.051sec$ than with active group of $.341{\pm}.041sec$(t=-3.285, p=.002). Side step test was lower with non-active group($8.8{\pm}1.1times$) than with active group($9.2{\pm}1.2times$), however, was not significant (t=1.309, p=.196). 5) Stick test showed not significant difference between active group of $25.8{\pm}14.8sec$ and non-active group of $30.7{\pm}17.9sec$(t=-1.058, p=.295), and stork stand between active group of $4.5{\pm}3.2sec$ and non-active group of $3.7{\pm}3.5sec$(t=.918, p=.363). 6) Trunk flexion came out not significant difference between active group of $14.2{\pm}5.0cm$ and non-active group of $15.8{\pm}7.3cm$(t=-.927, p=.358), and trunk extension between active group of $67.1{\pm}6.5cm$ and non-active group of $67.3{\pm}6.6cm$(t=-.140, p=.889). 7) Power was shown to be significantly related to total endurance(r=.717, p=.000 ; r-.739, p=.000). 8) Total endurance was shown to be significantly related to agility(r=-.752, p=.000 ; r=.684, p=.000 ; r=-.664, p=.000 ; r=.598, p=.002 ; r=.864, p=.000 ; r=-.536, p=.007). These results suggest that regular physical exercise is effective in promoting and maintaining physical fitness. As the further study, it is necessary to reinvestigate the effect with more refined design.