• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.93-114
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• 2020

According to the role model effect, gender of faculty plays an important role in students' employment. This paper investigates the effect of female faculties on female college students' employment in Korea. The fixed effect estimation results show that the percentage of female faculty has no statistically significant effect on female students' employment rate, although the 1%p increase of female faculty appears to be related with the employment rate of female students by 0.102%p in estimation using pooled OLS estimation. We have the almost same results even with dividing female students by major fields. These results can be interpreted the students' employment rate may be influenced by many other factors, such as personal characteristics, abilities, and family background besides faculty gender. We find that there is no empirical evidence of statistically significant effect of the faculty gender on the employment rate of female students.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2010

The observed the toxic effect of WSF (Water Soluble Fraction) on development time, development rate, attachment rate, survival rate and growth of the larva during the early stage of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The time required early juvenile from the fertilized eggs exposed to crude oil (WSF) was about 13 hours in control group. But that of the crude oil dose group takes 12 hours, with shorter compared to control group. Development and attachment rate of the oyster significantly higher in 0.4 and 0.8 mg/L WSF compared to control group (P<0.05) but significantly lower more than 1.6 mg/L WSF (P<0.05). Survival rate of the oyster larva significantly higher in 0.4 and 0.8 mg/L WSF compared to control group (P<0.05) but significantly lower more than 2.4 mg/L WSF (P<0.05). Survival rate of spot showed no significantly difference compared to control group (P>0.05). Shell growth of the oyster were significantly lower more than 1.6 mg/L WSF compared control group (P<0.05). The effect concentration of crude oil showed that more 0.4 mg/L in development and attachment rate and more 1.6 mg/L in growth. Also, chronic exposure of crude oil even effect also in low concentration.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.169-187
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• 2009

This study analyzes the long and short term effect of exchange rate on the import of Korea's fisheries focussed on main fisheries imported from China. The estimation models consist of the following contents. The first model consists of one dependent variable-import quantity of fisheries imported from China(${IMQ_t}^{CHO}$) and three independent variables-${RP_t}^{CHO}$, $EXC_t$ and $GDP_t$. The second one-one dependent variable-import quantity of fisheries imported from China(${JMQ_t}^{NAG})$ and three independent variables-${RP_t}^{NAG}$, $EX_t$ and $GDP_t$. the third one-one dependent variable-import quantity of fisheries imported from China(${IMQ_t}^{AH}$) and three independent variables-${RP_t}^{AH}$, $EX_t$ and $GDP_t$. the forth one-one dependent variable-import quantity of fisheries imported from China(${IMQ_t}^{KO}$) and three independent variables-${RP_t}^{KO)$, $EX_t$ and $GDP_t$. the last one is made up of one dependent variable-import quantity of fisheries imported from China(${IMQ_t}^{GAL}$) and three independent variables-, ${RP_t}^{GAL}$, $EX_t$ and $GDP_t$. and. The estimation results show that exchange rate of the independent variables are statistically significant in only the first model. The figure is elastic. Especially, the effect of exchange rate in first model is grater than that of the. However, the effect of exchange rate, one of independent variables in the ECM, is not statistically significant.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.57-95
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• 2020

As a case study of an ex-post evaluation of regulations, in this paper I evaluate the 'uniform settlement rate requirement', a regulation that was introduced in 1986 and that was applied to the international telephone market in the U.S. for more than 20 years. In a bilateral market between the U.S. and a foreign country, each U.S. firm and its foreign partner jointly provide international telephone service in both directions, compensating each other for terminating incoming calls to their respective countries. The per-minute compensation amount for providing the termination service, referred to as the settlement rate, is determined by a bargaining process involving the two firms. In principle, each U.S. firm could have a different settlement rate for the same foreign country. In 1986, however, the Federal Communications Commission introduced the Uniform Settlement Rate Requirement (USRR), which required all U.S. firms to pay the same settlement rate to a given foreign country. The USRR significantly affected the relative bargaining positions of the U.S. and foreign firms, thereby changing negotiated settlement rates. This paper identifies two main routes through which the settlement rates are changed by the implementation of the USRR: the Competition-Induced-Incentive Effect and the Most-Favored-Nation Effect. I then empirically evaluate the USRR by estimating a bargaining model and conducting counterfactual experiments aimed at measuring the size of the two effects of the USRR. The experiments show remarkably large impacts due to the USRR. Requiring a uniform settlement rate, for instance, results in an average 32.2 percent increase in the negotiated settlement rates and an overall 13.7 percent ($3.43 billion) decrease in the total surplus in the U.S. These results provide very strong evidence against the implementation of the USRR in the 1990s and early 2000s.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.593-597
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• 2005

It is generally accepted that fracture toughness of fiber-reinforced polymer composites is affected by loading rate in an atmospheric presure condition. For a present study, the loading rate effect on the fracture toughness of fiber-reinforced laminated composites in the hydrostatic pressure condition was investigated. For this purpose, fracture tests have been conducted using carbon/epoxy composites applying three steps of the strain rate at 270 MPa hydrostatic pressure condition. The loading rates applied were 0.05%/sec, 0.25%/sec, and 0.55%/sec. Fracture toughness was determined from the work factor approach as a function of applied loading rate. The result showed that fracture toughness decreased as the loading rate increased. Specifically, the fracture toughness decreased 12% as the loading rate increased from 0.05%/sec to 0.55%/sec.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.148-153
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• 2004

It is well-known that the mechanical behavior of fiber-reinforced composites under hydrostatic pressure environment is different from that of atmospheric pressure environment. It is also known that the mechanical behavior of fiber-reinforced composites is affected by a strain rate. In this work, we investigated the effect of strain rate on the compressive elastic modulus, fracture stress, and fracture strain of carbon/epoxy composites under hydrostatic pressure environment. The material used in the compressive test was unidirectional carbon/epoxy composites and the hydrostatic pressures applied was 270㎫. Compressive tests were performed applying three strain rates of 0.05％/sec, 0.25％/sec, and 0.55％/sec. The results showed that the elastic modulus increased with increasing strain rate while the fracture stress was little affected by the strain rate. The results also showed that the fracture strain decreased with increasing strain rate.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.33-39
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• 1994

We have studied the effect of loading amount and particle size on the rate of release of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) from ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix. Release rate increased as the loading amount and particle size increase. We also studied the effect of additives (lactose and algin) on the rate of release of 5-FU. Both algin and lactose promoted the rate of release. The ability to increase the rate is in the order of algin>lactose>5-FU. Scanning electron microscope study clearly shows that large cavities and cracks are created. The results imply that, by the proper combinations of the amount of the additive, $EVA_c$ and drug, the rate of drug release can be modulated over a wide range of values.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2010

Controlling inappropriate antibiotics prescribing for acute upper respiratory infections(URI) is a very important for prudent use of antibiotics and resistance control. Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) introduced Prescribing Evaluation Program and publicly reported antibiotics prescribing rate for URI of each health institution. We performed segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series to estimate the effect of public report on antibiotics prescribing rate using national health insurance claims data. The results indicate that just before the public report period, clinics' monthly antibiotics prescribing rate for URI was 66.7%. Right after the public report, the estimated antibiotics prescribing rate dropped abruptly by 12.3%p. There was no significant changes in month-to-month trend in the prescribing rate before and after the intervention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.11-12
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• 2005

[ $Pb(Zr_{0.48}Ti_{0.52})O_3$ ] (PZT) thin films were deposited on Pt(111)/Ti/$SiO_2$/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition. In order to study the effect of different laser pulse repetition rate on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of PZT thin films,2 Hz and 5 Hz of laser pulse repetition rate were selected. We compared the results of XRD pattern, dielectric constant and hysteresis characteristics. From the experimental data, we found that the electrical properties of PZT thin films which grown ar 2 Hz of laser pulse repetition rate were better than those which grown at 5 Hz of laser pulse repetition rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.46-52
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• 2004

CMP (Chemical-Mechanical Polishing) is a process in which both chemical and mechanical mechanisms act simultaneously to produce the planarized wafer. CMP process is an extensive usage and continuing high growth rates in the semiconductor industry. The understanding of the process, however, is much slower. The nature of material removal from the wafer is still undefined and ambiguous. Material removal rate according to the slurry flow rate is also undefined and ambiguous. Thus, in this study, the basic mechanism of material removal rate as slurry flow rate is defined in terms of energy supply and energy loss.