• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.342-352
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• 2006

The experiments was undertaken to evaluate the effects of herbal medicine, Dalsaengtang, in pregnant rats and fetuses. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with the Dalsaengtang at dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 20 days. Pregnant rats were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation, and observed internal and reproductive organs. Approximately live fetuses in the 20th day of gestation were randomly selected and fixed in 95% ethanol. To observe skeletal malformations, fetuses were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red S. Maternal body weight of dalsaengtang treated group has a tendency to increase compared to that of control group. The relative liver and kidney weights of dalsaengtang treated group were also increased to that of control group. There were no significant changes between two groups in blood chemistry and hematological values. There were no significant changes in number of corpus luteum, implantation, live fetuses and implantation rate, delivery rate, late resorption rate and sex ratio. But Dalsaengtang administered group showed lower early resorption rate than the control group. From the sex ratio, number of females, bigger than number of males in the control group, and more males than females in Dalsaengtang administered group. Neonatal body weight and number of fetus of Dalsaengtang group were increased to that of control group. The fetuses of dams treated with Dalsaengtang didn't showed external malformation. Vertebral and sternal variations were observed in Dalsaengtang group but, compared to the control, those variations were insignificant. The number of ribs, cervical, thoracic, and lumber were normal. The number of sacral and caudal vertebrae were increased. Fetuses showed significant difference in the number of caudal vertebra (P<0.01). From these results, it can be concluded that Dalsaengtang showed no toxicity effects on maternal body weight, early resorption rate, and number of live fetuses. There were no significant changes in organ weight, hematological data, reproductive organs. Although skeletal variations were showed in vertebrate and sternum, Dalsaengtang did not shown significant changes in bone malformation.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1996

Fumonisin B$_1$(FB$_1$)은 모든 동물종에서 간독성을 나타내며 흰쥐에서는 간암과 신장독성을 일으키는 발암물질이다. 본 연구에서는 FB$_1$의 반복투여 효과를 관찰하고자 수컷 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐에 1 mg FB$_1$/kg을 1일(T$_1$) 혹은 2일(T$_2$), 3일(T$_3$)간 반복주사하였다. T$_1$군에서는 간장과 신장 다같이 독성작용이 발견되지 않았으나 간장에서는 대조군에 비해 5.5배의 증가된 세포분열상이 관찰되었다. 한편 T$_3$군에서는 병리조직학적 관찰과 혈청검사에서 간소엽 중심부에 병변이 있는 간독성이 관찰되었으며, 신장은 수질부 outer stripe에서 세포변성이 인정되었다. T$_3$군에서는 간효소를 포함하는 혈청검사치가 증가되었는데 특히 Cholesterol이 증가되었다. 따라서 FB$_1$의 반복 노출시에 신장보다는 간장에서 먼저 세포독성이 관찰되었으며 세포분열 역시 증가되었다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2006

Objective : The objective of this study is to observe the effect of Yukmijiwhangtangkamibang(YukmD with Liriopis Tuber, Amomi Fructus, Citri Pericarpium, Zizyphi Spinosae Semen, Drynariae Rhizoma Ephedrae Herba, Ginseng Radix, Phellodendri Cortex, on the experimental diabetes. Methods : In order to induce diabetes experimentally, injected streptozoticin to the vein in the tail of rats and then treated oral administration of Yukmi water extracts. In the measurement of the variation levels of glucose, ALP, creatinine, and BUN concentration for each concentration levels for serum (382.5mg/l00g, 510.0mg/100g, 637.5mg/100g), concentration level of glucose significantly decreased in 510.0mg/l00g concentration level of Yukmi. With this 510.0mg/100g concentration level of Yukmijiwhangtanggamibang, the following conclusion was derived from the measurement of the serum levels of glucose, ALP, GOT, GPT, creatinine, and BUN concentration for the streptozotocin injection date of each 4th, 11th, and 18th day. Results : 1. In the measurement for each concentrations. the glucose concentration level in the serum significantly decreased on the 9th day in the Yukmi group. 2. In the measurement for each concentrations, the creatinine concentration level in the serum significantly decreased on the 9th day in the Yukmi group. 3. In the measurement for each dosage dates, the glucose concentration level in the serum significantly decreased on the 18th day in the Yukmi group to which 510.0mg/l00g administrated. 4. In the measurement for each dosage dates, the got concentration level in the serum significantly decreased on the 18th day in the Yukmi group to which 510.0mg/100g administrated. 5. In the measurement for each dosage dates, the creatinine concentration level in the serum significantly decreased on the 18th day in the Yukmi group to which 510.0mg/l00g administrated. Conclusion : Yukmi that is Yukmijiwhangtang with Liriopis Tuber, Amoni Fructus, Citri Pericarpium, Zizyphi Spinosae Semen, Drynariae Rhizoma, Ephedrae Herba, Ginseng Radix and Phellodendri Cortex, is known to have effects to lessen the damages on renal function and liver function without causing damages on liver and kidney.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.102-102
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• 2001

Taurine (2-ethaneaminosulfonic acid) is one of the major intracellular ${\beta}$ -amino acids in mammals and is required for a number of biological processes including membrane stabilization, osmoregulation, antioxidation, detoxification, modulation of calcium flux and neurornodulation. The taurine transporter (TAUT) which contains 12 hydrophobic membrane-spanning domains has been cloned from dog kidney, rat brain, mouse brain, human thyroid, placenta and retina. In this study, The TAUT cDNA from the human intestinal epithelial cell, HT-29 was cloned and sequenced. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to amplify partial cDNA encoding human intestinal TAUT. The coding region of the PCR product was 732 bp long. The primers were designed to encode highly conserved amino acid sequences near the transmembrane domains III (IPYFIFLF) and Ⅵ (KYKYNSYR) both in human and mouse. The TAUT cDNA amplified was ligated into the pGEX 4T-1 expression vector. The resulting sequence of human intestinal TAUT cDNA (Accession number of NCBI Genebank is AF346763) was identical to the sequences of the TAUTs previously determined in the human placenta and retina except 3 base pairs from that of the reported human thyroid. TAUT specific antibodies were generated to use them as biological tools in the studies of the biological role of TAUT. Peptides of 149-162 amino acid residue (14 amino acids) of the TAUT were synthesized. The synthetic peptide used in this study was LFQSFQKELPWAHC. This region was chosen not only to avoid putative glycosylation sites but also to exclude regions of known homology with GABA transporters in the extracellular hydrophilic domains. The synthetic peptide, TAUT-1 was conjugated with carrier protein, kehole lympet hemocyanin (KLH) to use as an antigen. When used for immunization on a rabbit to produce polyclonal antiserum, the conjugates elicited high -titered specific anti-TAUT-1 antibodies, which reacted well with the ovalbumin (OVA) conjugated peptides in ELISA. The KLH-conjugated peptide was also used as immunizing antigen in BALB/c mice to produce TAUT specific monoclonal antibodies. From the culture supernatant of the hybridoma, the specificity of anti-TAUT-1 monoclonal antibodies was confirmed by ELISA. Further applications of more tools in TAUT expression analysis will be performed such as western blotting and flow cytometry.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2020

Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that is present in colostrum, milk, and other body secretions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of lactoferrin hydrolysates (LHs) on the production of immunomodulatory factors, including inflammatory related cytokines. The nuclear factor (NF)-κB reporter assay using human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK-293) revealed that NF-κB activity was significantly decreased by 1, 50, and 100 ㎍/mL of LH and the fractions above and below the 10 kDa LH. The mRNA expression of interferon (IFN)-γ in rat basophilic leukemia mast cells (RBL-2H3) treated with the fraction above the 10 kDa LH decreased in a dose-dependent manner, but the cells treated with LH and the fraction below the 10 kDa LH showed an increased expression of IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. The level of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression decreased dose-dependently in RBL-2H3 cells treated with LH and the fraction above the 10 kDa LH, but the cells treated with the fraction below the 10 kDa LH showed an increased COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-4) was dose-dependently decreased by the fraction below the 10 kDa LH in human mast cells (HMC-1). The mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 were significantly dose-dependently decreased by the fractions above and below the 10 kDa LH, but was dose-dependently increased by LH. The production of IL-4 was a little increased by the fraction above the 10 kDa LH compared to the positive control, but was decreased with LH and the fraction below the 10 kDa LH in HMC-1 cells. It was concluded that LF hydrolysates had an immunomodulating effect on anti-, pro-inflammatory and anti-allergic reactions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제1권3_4호
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• pp.201-205
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• 1968

The authors has observed the histopathologically and histochemically on the effect of the garlic and garlic oil to the liver and kidney of rats. In order to confirm the histochemical changes of the metabolism of polysaccarides, the periodic acid Schiff reaction was applied. The 30 albino adult male rats weighing about 150 grames from the National Institute of Health were housed individualy and devide into 3 experimental groups: Group C: stock diet group Group B: stock diet-garlic group Group A: stock diet-garlic oil group Group C was fed with stock diet only through out this experimental period, Group B was fed with stock diet supplemented with garlic homogenator to be 1%, and Group A was fed with stock diet supplemented with the garlic oil to 0.05%. The garlic oil used in this experiments was extracted by author. And all rats was fed during 10 weeks. The histopathological and histochemical results were shown in each figure. According to the all results, the following concIusions were drawn. 1) In the garlic oil administrated groups, congestion of the sinusoid was subsided and the liberation of the Kupffer's cells were observed. 2) In garlic administrated groups, fatty metamorphosis in hepatic cells, and slight liberation of Kupffer's cells in sinusoidal walls were observed. Connective tissue proliferation and collagen bundle were observed. 3) The connective tissue and blood vessel wall in portal area Were reacted intensely with PAS stain. The hepatic cells Were reacted intensely with PAS stain in control group and moderately or slightly in garlic and garlic oil administrated group. 4) There were no significant differences in collecting and Henle's loops in each groups, but narrowing of lumen of the distal tubules were observed in garlic oil administrated group. 5) The basement membrane of the tubules and the connective tissues of the vessel wall in Kideny were reacted intensely with PAS stain in each groups. In control and garlic administrated groups. the brush border of the proximal tubules were reacted intensely with PAS stain, but epithelium of the Heine's loop, proximal, distal and collecting tubules were reacted moderately. In garlic oil administrated-group, there were tendency of decreasing of PAS stain in each tubules.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1631-1636
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• 2008

대황(Rhei Rhizoma; RR, 대황(大黃))은 Rheum officinale Baill.와 Rheum palmatum L. (Polygonaceae)의 땅속부분 (rhizome 및 root)으로 남아시아의 민속의학에서 간 및 신장의 손상을 치료하는데 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 배양한 흰쥐 해마신경세포의 저산소증모델을 이용하여 대황의 물추출물이 신경세포사를 억제하는 효능에 대하여 조사하였다. 배양 10일(DIV10)에 RR을 배양액에 첨가하고 DIV13일에 생존율을 조사한 결과 10 ${\mu}g$/ml 농도까지는 세포독성이 없었으며, 정상산소 환경에서 2.5 ${\mu}g$/ml의 농도에서 세포생존율을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 배지에 대황을 첨가한 경우 DIV13일에 저산소증을 유도한 후 5일째에 세포생존율을 조사한 결과 대조군에 비하여 매우 유의하게 생존율을 증가시켰다. $H_2DCF$ 염색 결과 대황은 활성산소(ROS)의 생성을 유의하게 감소시킴과, JC-1 염색 결과 사립체 막전위의 소실을 유의하게 억제함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 대황 물추출물이 활성산소를 효과적으로 제거하고, 세포의 에너지 생성을 보전함으로서 세포사를 억제할 수 있음을 보여주며, 향후 뇌신경세포의 건강에 유용하게 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2006

감귤피를 급여하지 않은 교잡종 돼지고기(대조구, $T_0$), 육성기와 비육기에 각각 3% 및 5% 급여한 돼지고기($T_1$), 그리고 6% 및 10%를 급여한 돼지고기($T_2$)등 3 종류를 각각 단백질로 환산하여 12% 되도록 흰쥐 식이에 첨가하였다. 이식이를 생후 17주령의 흰쥐에 4주간 급여하여 영양대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 대조구($T_0$)와 감귤피 급여구($T_1$과 $T_2$)의 사이에 흰쥐의 증체량, 식이섭취량, 식이효율, 장기(간, 신장, 비장, 부고환 지방)무게는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청의 지질(총지질, 인지질, 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤), 동맥경화지수, 혈당, 혈색소 함량 및 효소(${\gamma}-GTP$, ALT, AST, ALP) 활성은 모두 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 흰쥐의 간에서 얻은 총지질 함량은 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 중성지질과 콜레스테롤 함량이 대조구보다 감귤피 급여구가 낮은 값을 보여(p<0.05), 감귤피 첨가 사료로 사육한 교잡종 돼지고기가 흰쥐 간의 중성 지질 및 콜레스테롤을 감소시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.217-233
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• 1992

This study was performed to determine the toxic effects of graded dose levels of SKI 2053R after repeated administration. Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats(10M and 10F per group) were given a total of 25 i.v. injections of SKI 2053R (1.50,3.75,9.38mg/kg/day). In order to compare the toxic effects of SKI 2053R with those of cisplatin, one group of Sprague-Dawley rats (10M and 10F per group) were given a total of 25 i.v.injections of cisplatin (1.70mg/kg/day). The dosing schedule was divided into five courses of 5 consecutive days with 16-day dose-free intervals between each course. No drug-related toxicity occurred in low dose level group (1.50mg/kg/day) of SKI2053R. From the results of hematological examination, peripheral WBC counts, RBC counts and hemoglobin of high dose level group(9.38mg/kg/day)of SKI 2053R were significantly lower than those of no-treated group. Other toxicities including reduced final body weight, proteinuria and hematuria were observed in high dose level group of SKI 2053R. But, no change was detected in serum biochemical values of SKI 2053R treated groups. All of the rats in cisplatin treated group were died between 3 and 13 weeks, while rats treated with SKI2053R survived to the end except one rat of middle dose level group(3.75mg/kg/day). In histopathological examinations, rats that received cisplatin manifested severe tubular damage in kidney and hemosiderosis in spleen, but no critical pathological lesion was observed in rats of other groups. Considering the results of this study, it was concluded that non-toxic dose of SKI 2053R in this treatment schedule was estimated to be 3.75 mg/kg/day and the maximum tolerated dose was to be higher than 9.38mg/kg/day. The toxic profiles fo SKI 2053R were different from those of cisplatin, and its toxicity was considerably lower than that of cisplatin.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.506-515
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• 1985

홍삼(紅蔘)사포닌 가수분해물(加水分解物)의 항산화작용(抗酸化作用)에 의한 노화억제작용(老化抑制作用)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 홍삼(紅蔘)사포닌을 가수분해(加水分解)하여 얻은 prosapogenin, panaxadiol 및 panaxatriol을 시료(試料)로 하여 in vitro 및 in vivo 실험(實驗)을 통하여 이들 가수분해물(加水分解物)들의 생체(生體) 과산화지질생성(過酸化脂質生成)에 미치는 억제효과(抑制效果)를 비교(比較)하였다. DPPH에 대한 전자공여능(電子供與能)(EDA)은 $13.88{\sim}19.76%$를 나타내고 있었으며 in vitro에서 과산화지질생성(過酸化脂質生成) 억제효과(抑制效果)는 현저하였으며 그 순서는 prosapogenin>panaxatriol>panacadiol이었다. POV에 의한 유효기간(誘導期間)은 이들 가수분해물(加水分解物) 홍삼(紅蔘)사포닌보다 훨씬 높았으며 prosaposenin>panaxatriol>panaxadiol의 순이었다. in vivo에서 복강(復腔)(i. p.) 및 경구(經口)(p.o.) 투여(投與)에 의한 생체내(生體內) 과산화지질생성(過酸化脂質生成) 억제효과(抑制效果)는 대조군(對照群)에 비(比)해 훨씬 효과적(效果的)이었으며, 홍삼(紅蔘)사포닌과 비교(比較)했을 때 간장(肝臟)과 신장(腎臟)에는 거의 비슷한 효과(效果)를 나타냈지만 혈액(血液)에서는 이들 가수분해물(加水分解物)이 홍삼(紅蔘)사포닌보다 훨씬 효과적(效果的)이었다. 효소활성(酵素活性)으로서 superoxide dismutase 활성(活性)을 in vitro에서 비교해 보면 이들 가수분해물(加水分解物)이 $24.2{\sim}36.4%$의 과산화지질생성(過酸化脂質生成) 억제효과(抑制效果)를 나타내고 있어, 홍삼(紅蔘)사포닌의 12.1%보다 $2{\sim}3$ 배(倍)의 효과(效果)를 나타내고 있었고, in vivo에서는 복강(復腔)(i. p.) 투여(投與)에서는 $12.9{\sim}22.2%$. 경구(經口)(p.o.) 투여(投與)에서는 $11.2{\sim}21.6%$의 높은 활성(活性)을 나타내고 있었다. 단 peroxidase 활성(活性)은 복강(復腔)(i. p.) 투여(投與)에서는 $129.0{\sim}188.6%$, 경구(經口)(p. o.) 투여(投與)에서는 $111.4{\sim}139.6%$의 활성(活性)을 나타내고 있었다.