• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 1985

To screen biologically active components of the higher fungi of Korea, the dried carpophores of Auricularia polytricha were extracted with water. The extract was examined for acute toxicity in ICR mice. A low molecular weight toxin of this fungus was purified by acetone precipitation followed by cellulose, silica gel and LH-20 Sephadex column chromatography. Major symptoms of this toxin were eye extrusion, hair erection, trembling of head, paralysis, rapid running or moving before death and depression of respiration. The median lethal doses of the total extract were 1.25 g/kg and 4.18 g/kg by i.p. and p.o. administrations, respectively. The amounts of one mouse lethal unit (MLU) of the total extract and final fraction that killed a 20-g mouse within 30 minutes were 28.5 mg/mouse and 12 mg/mouse, respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.385-389
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• 2011

A new reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method for the Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) was developed and compared with conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to address its advantages over RTPCR. RT-LAMP primers were designed from the open reading frame 3 (ORF3) sequence of PLRV. The RT-LAMP reactions were conducted without or with a set of loop primers. By real-time monitoring using Turbimeter, the RT-LAMP (with loop primers) detects PLRV in less than 30 min, compared to 120 min of RT-PCR. By adding fluorescent reagent during the reaction, final products of the RT-LAMP were fluorescently visualized under UV light or could be differentiated by naked-eye inspection under normal light. The RT-LAMP was extremely sensitive, about 2000-fold more sensitive than RT-PCR. This study presents great potential of the RT-LAMP for diagnosis and PLRV epidemiology because RT-LAMP method is speedy, sensitive, inexpensive, and convenient.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.33A no.12
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

In this paper, we propose a hybrid blind equalizer with TEA and SG (stop & Go) algorithm with switching point a 0 dB of MSE value for improvement of convergence performance, where TEA is used initially to open the eye and then SG algorithm as rapid convergence is employed. The switching point is selected at the point of 0 dB MSE level because of settling the coefficients of blind equalier. As a result of computer simulatons for 8-PAM in the non-minimum phase channel, the proposed algorithm has better convergence speed as 3,500 ~ 4,500 iterations and has better MsE about 3 ~ 6 dB than those of original TEA. Also, computational cost of proposed algorithm is reduced as 5 ~ 16% than that of original TEA. and, the proposed algorithm has better convergence than SG algorithm as 8,500 ~ 17,500 iteratins but, the MSE is similar to original SG.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2002

Alexithymia represents deficits in the cognitive processing and regulation of emotions. It is observed in many cases of psychosomatic disease, anorexia nervosa, panic disorder, depression etc. Many studies have shown that alexithymia is associated with maladaptive styles of emotion regulation, low emotional intelligence, interhemispheric transfer deficit, and reduced rapid eye movement density. Psychotherapies that enhance emotional awareness may be effective in alleviating the difficulties of alexithymic individuals. Aexithymia is useful for constructing the role of personality and emotions in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. It may serve as a bridge between neurobiology and psychology. We review recent alexithymia theory and research and their implications for treatment of psychosomatic disorders.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2009

This review aims to introduce the basic neurobiological aspects of dream. There have been long debates on whether the neurobiology of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is identical to that of dream. However, many theories on dream are based on the findings of REM sleep. Bizarre cognition and intense emotion in dream have been suggested to derive from physiological (e.g. desynchronized gamma oscillation and postsynaptic inhibition), chemical (e.g. decreased noradrenalin and serotonin, increased acetylcholine and modulation of dopamine), anatomical (e.g. deactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and activation of limbic and paralimbic areas) change in REM sleep. In addition, dream has been suggested to play its neurobiological roles. Processing of negative emotion may be one of the functions of dream. Dream is also supposed to consolidate memory, especially semantic memory. Despite a number of hypotheses and debates, the neurobiological mechanism of dream generation has not been concluded.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.364-365
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 고해상도 위성영상을 이용하여 지난 8월 29일 북한 함경북도 지역에서 발생한 홍수에 의한 피해를 분석하였다. 북한은 접근이 불가능한 지리적 특성을 가지기 때문에 인공위성을 활용한 모니터링이 유일한 관측 수단이라고 할 수 있다. 북한측 발표내용에 의하면 이번 홍수로 인해 사망 130여명, 실종 400여명, 시설물 8,670동 등 대규모 피해가 발생하였으며, 이재민은 7만명이 넘는 것으로 나타났다. 위성영상을 이용하여 모든 피해지역을 파악하는 것은 한계가 있지만, 일부 지역의 피해분석을 통해 피해규모를 간접적으로 확인하는 것은 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 5m급 고해상도 위성영상인 플래닛스코프(PlanetScope), 래피드아이(RapidEye) 영상을 이용하여 회령, 송학, 남양, 종성 4개 지역의 홍수피해 전, 직후, 한 달 후의 변화를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 해당지역은 시설물 및 농경지 침수, 제방붕괴 등이 발생하였으며, 홍수로 인한 지형변화가 동반되었음이 확인되었다.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2011

Schizophrenia is a chronic, currently incurable, and devastating syndrome. Although sleep disturbances are not primary symptoms of schizophrenia, they are important aspects of schizophrenia. Difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep are frequently encountered in patients with schizophrenia. Many schizophrenics report low subjective sleep quality. Measured by polysomnography, increased sleep latency as well as reduced total sleep time, sleep efficiency, slow wave sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep latency (REM latency), are found in most patients with schizophrenia and appear to be an important aspect of the pathophysiology of this disorder. Some literatures suggest that worsening sleep quality precedes schizophrenic exacerbations. Co-morbid sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and restless legs syndrome (RLS), and sleep-disrupting behaviors associated with schizophrenia may lead to sleep disturbances. Clinicians should screen the patient with sleep complaints for primary sleep disorders like OSA and RLS, and carefully evaluate sleep hygiene behaviors of all patients with schizophrenia who complain of sleep disturbances.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.2 s.15
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• pp.127-140
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• 1998

It seems obvious to the contemporary eye that modern technology has finally brought chaotic abundance to the present world, and provided a superficial civilization over the last century. Nevertheless, such an argument about the external phenomena of present culture does not help constitute the right track of modern technology and architecture. Rather, this discussion comes to re-signify the importance of critical metaphysics as a part of man's cultural activities, especially the ontological meaning of them. In this point, the research is intended both to re-certify the essential nature and mythic value of technology through reviewing the ancient and modern philosophical contemplations, and to examine its architectural condition against the rapid expansion of commercial material-culture.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

The reciprocal interaction between sleep and pain has been reported by numerous studies. Patients with acute or chronic pain often complain of difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, shorter sleep duration, unrefreshing sleep, and poor sleep quality in general. According to the majority of the experimental human studies, sleep deprivation may produce hyperalgesic changes. The selective disruption of slow wave sleep has shown this effect more consistently, while results after selective REM sleep deprivation remain unclear. Patients with chronic pain have a marked alteration of sleep structure and continuity, such as frequent sleep-stage shifts, increased nocturnal awakenings, decreased slow wave sleep (SWS), decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and alpha-delta sleep. Many analgesic medications can alter sleep architecture in a manner similar to the effects of acute and chronic pain, suppressing SWS and REM sleep.

• Journal of Sleep Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.43-47
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• 2018

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in people with epilepsy (PWE), and confers medical and seizure-related consequences when untreated. Positive airway pressure, the gold-standard for OSA management, is limited by tolerability. As serotonin is involved respiratory control and amelioration of seizure-induced respiratory events, this study aims to determine whether serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) may represent a potential therapeutic option. Methods: A retrospective study of 100 PWE and OSA ${\geq}18$ years of age was conducted. The primary outcome measure was OSA severity as function of SRI use, with rapid eye movement (REM)-related OSA as a secondary outcome. Results: Older age and depression were more common in those taking an SRI. There was no association between SRIs and OSA severity. However, the SRI group was less likely to have REM-related OSA. Conclusions: In PWE and OSA, SRI use is associated with reduced risk of REM-related OSA, and may represent a potential management strategy.