• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.129-142
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• 2016

National parks, which are located mainly in mountainous areas, are always at risk of damage by landslides. The goal of this study is to establish a method for systematically maintaining hazardous steep slopes along trails in national parks. We produced a checklist suitable for each of the 19 national parks nationwide and investigated 183 slopes. The aim of these investigations is to recommend appropriate slope-stability countermeasures, including field investigations and stability analysis. We made preliminary investigations at specific sites, evaluating the slope hazard using specialized equipment such as terrestrial LiDAR. An investment priority formula was developed, and ranking and hazardous grades were calculated as part of a long-term maintenance plan. Finally, to systematically manage dangerous slopes and to house all the field data within one system, we developed the "Slope Maintenance System in National Parks" based on web server that can show various information for slopes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.88-98
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• 2004

Objectives : The 3rd community health plan let health centers select and promote core projects considering budget and manpower. This study analyzed the content and selection processes of core projects, using the nationwide 3rd community health plans, to give relevant information on health center policies. Methods : Classification criteria for content analysis of core projects were established and verified through a literature review and by specialist discussions. Fifty plans were selected by stratified proportional random sampling for regional characteristics. And coding criteria standardized through coding repetition and discussion, by 2 persons (k>0.7). Using stratified proportional random sampling for 16 cities and provinces, regional characteristics, 117 plans were selected, and the contents of the core project selection processes and program contents analyzed. Results : The survey was used by 59.8 % of samples as a core project decision-making method. The partici- pants included 98.6, 81.4, 40 and 38.6% of the health staffs, residents, medical institutions, and administrators, respectively. Discussion was used by 15.4% of samples. The participants were health staffs by 100% as a great. The ranking of the frequencies of the selected core projects were, in order; chronic disease control, health promotion, elderly health, maternal-child health, and oral health at 16.4, 14.8, 14.3, 12.7 and 11.9%, respectively. Analyses on the chronic disease control and elderly health contents showed the diversity of object disease, high rates of visitors on patient detection programs, high rates of unclear target populations, and the provision of medical exams and treatments as the main services, with high variations in business per-formance. The national health budgets for health centers in 2003 were about 910 and 240 million won for chronic disease control and elderly health, respectively, which were less than for the other five priority core projects. Conclusions : The chronic disease control and elderly health at the health centers were not standardized for object disease, patient detection program, target population, service provision, and national support budget was insufficient. Thus it is necessary to develop standard guidelines, and increase financial support, for chronic disease control and elderly health

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.238-252
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• 2009

Due to the rapid increase of available contents via the convergence of broadcasting and internet, the efficient access to personally preferred contents has become an important issue. In this paper, for recommendation scheme for TV programs using a collaborative filtering technique is studied. For recommendation of user preferred TV programs, our proposed recommendation scheme consists of offline and online computation. About offline computation, we propose reasoning implicitly each user's preference in TV programs in terms of program contents, genres and channels, and propose clustering users based on each user's preferences in terms of genres and channels by dynamic fuzzy clustering method. After an active user logs in, to recommend TV programs to the user with high accuracy, the online computation includes pulling similar users to an active user by similarity measure based on the standard preference list of active user and filtering-out of the watched TV programs of the similar users, which do not exist in EPG and ranking of the remaining TV programs by proposed rank model. Especially, in this paper, the BM (Best Match) algorithm is extended to make the recommended TV programs be ranked by taking into account user's preferences. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme with the extended BM model yields 62.1% of prediction accuracy in top five recommendations for the TV watching history of 2,441 people.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.585-593
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• 2020

This study was conducted to research the Selection Attributes of tourists in Jeonju Hanok Village. The purpose of this study was to study the importance and satisfaction after visiting the Jeonju Hanok Village using IPA analysis, and to provide results and marketing implications. The survey was conducted from the October to the November in 2018. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and 258 responded questionnaires were reliable to be used as a sample. The result of the survey was analyzed by using SPSS 15.0 version for window with Paired t-test and IPA method. Frequency Analysis was also conducted for the characteristic of samples. As a result of the study, first, the cleanliness of tourist attractions was the highest among the selection attributes, and the next ranking was in the order of parking lot facilities, natural scenery, food, and weather. Second, the natural property was the most satisfactory as a selection property item that tourists visiting Hanok Village were satisfied with, followed by climate(weather), regional characteristics, historical and cultural resources, and cleanliness of tourist attractions. Third, depending on the importance-satisfaction value of the selection attribute variable perceived by tourists visiting Hanok Village, it is necessary to develop various programs in Hanok Village and prepare measures to increase tourist satisfaction.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.537-543
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• 2007

It's an important part to calculate the weights between criterions and to aggregate the decision inputs in a MCDM(Multi criterion decision making) This paper presents a method for aggregation cf decision inputs and application to the MCDM. We incorporate the fuzzy set theory and the basic nature of subjectivity due to ambiguity to achieve a flexible decision approach suitable for uncertain and fuzzy environments. To obtain the scoring that corresponds to the best alternative or the ranking of the alternatives, we need to use a total order for the fuzzy numbers involved in the problem. In this article, we consider a definition of such a total order, which is based on two subjective aspects: the degree of optimism/pessimism reflected with the ordered weighted averaging(OWA) oprators. A numerical example, expecially location analysis for anchorage area, is given to illustrate the approach.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.200-207
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• 2016

To add new groundwater standard, 7 candidate materials (copper, zinc, selenium, manganese, iron, chromium, aluminum) were calculated by CROWN (Chemical Ranking Of groundwater pollutaNts). Copper and zinc were selected as groundwater candidates through the process and monitored total 430 samples for 2 years with 113 groundwater sampling sites. In this study, geological distribution characteristics (igneous rock, metamorphic rock, sedimentary rock) of copper and zinc were evaluated and the geological background levels obtained by a cumulative probability distribution and pre-selection methods were compared. In the results, the highest average concentrations of the copper and zinc were observed both in the igneous rock. The detection concentration ranges of copper and zinc in 430 groundwater samples were $0.002{\sim}0.931mg\;L^{-1}$, and $0.002{\sim}32.293mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. In addition, detection concentration ranges of copper and zinc were $0.002{\sim}0.931mg\;L^{-1}$, $0.002{\sim}32.293mg\;L^{-1}$ in the igneous rock, $0.002{\sim}0.134mg\;L^{-1}$, $0.004{\sim}7.038mg\;L^{-1}$ in the metamorphic rock and $0.002{\sim}0.008mg\;L^{-1}$, $0.003{\sim}3.948mg\;L^{-1}$ in the sedimentary rock, respectively. As a result of the background concentrations with two methods, zinc concentrations with the pre-selected method are comparatively higher than that of the others with the cumulative distribution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.7-18
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• 2003

Due to the changes of shipping and logistic environment, Asian ports today face severe competition. To be a mega-hub port, Asian ports have achieved a big scale development. For these reasons, it has been widely recognized as an important study to analyze and evaluate characteristics of Asian ports, from the standpoint of Korea where Busan Port is located. Although some previous studies have been reported, most of them have been beyond the scope of Asian ports and analyzed the world's major ports; moreover, the studied ports have been about the ports which are well known from the previous research and reports. So, most studies is unlikely to be used as substantial indicators from the perspective of Busan Port. In addition. most of the existing studies have used hierarchical evaluation algorithm for port ranking, such as AHP (analytical hierarchy process) and clustering analysis. However, these two methods have fundamental weaknesses from the algorithm perspective. The aim of this study is to classify major Asian ports based on competitiveness level. Especially. in order to overcome serious problem of the existing studies, major Asian ports were analyzed by using objective indicators. and Fuzzy C-Means algorithm, which alleviates the weakness of the clustering method. It was found that 10 ports of 16 major Asian ports have their own phases and were classified into 4 port groups. This result implies that some ports have higher potential as ports to lead some zones in Asia. Based on those results. present status and future direction of Busan port were discussed as well.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

A multi-attribute utility analysis was investigated as a tool for the decision support of countermeasures in early phase of a nuclear accident. The utility function of attributes was assumed to be the second order polynomial expressions, and the weighting constant of attributes was determined using a swing weighting method. Because the main objective of this study focuses on the applicability of a multi-attribute utility analysis as a tool for the decision support of countermeasures in early phase of a nuclear accident, less quantifiable attributes were not included due to lack of information. In postulated accidental scenarios for the application of the designed methodology, the variation of the numerical values of total utility for the considered actions, e.g. sheltering, evacuation and no action, was investigated according to the variation of attributes. As a result, it was shown that the numerical values of total utility for the actions are distinctly different depending on the exposure dose and monetary value of dose. As increasing in both attributes, the rank of the numerical values of total utility increased for evacuation, which is more extreme action than for sheltering, while that of no action decreased. As expected probability of high dose is higher, the break-even values for the monetary value of dose, which are the monetary value of dose when the ranking of actions is changed, were lower. In audition, as aversion psychology for dose is higher, the break-even values for dose were lower.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.210-224
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze students' recognition of the free inquiry activity and to investigate what effect the free inquiry activity of the 2007 Revised Educational curriculum revision has on the science inquiry ability of middle school students. To conduct the research we worked with 262 female students, 8 classes of first graders in a middle school. Among them, 4 classes were taught in free inquiry activity and the remaining 4 classes were taught in the traditional way. The results of Likert-questionnaire indicate that students were learning about cooperative spirit through group investigation activities and discussions and did not take the free inquiry activity as a hard activity. Also they showed positive reaction agreeing that this activity is both a helpful method in learning science and interesting. However, it seemed that the investigation tends to flow between the leading 1~2 members of the group and showed difficulty in carrying out the investigation as a group after school hours. It showed there are few problems and obstacles in operating the free inquiry activity. The free inquiry activity did not give any meaningful influence on the improvement of science inquiry ability of students. Integrative inquiry process skills did not give a relevant influence, however, it showed a meaningful influence on the improvement of basic inquiry process skills. Especially, among the low-ranking element of basic inquiry process skills, it enhanced the capacity for prediction.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to identify factors affecting the job satisfaction of cooks employed in school foodservice and to propose a plan to improve school foodservice quality. Therefore, in this paper, we examined the job satisfaction of 119 elementary school foodservice employees in the Northern Gyeonggi Province using a 5-point scale method. The results were analyzed by the SPSS Package Program(Ver 12.0) to determine percentages and frequency. Among the employees, 99.2% were women, and 75.9% were employed by contract. All of the subjects worked in elementary schools with self operated foodservice system and 57.6% of them served food in the classroom. The total number of diners served by these foodservice programs was $1,391.6{\pm}307.6$ an average of $135.0{\pm}18.2$ diners per cook. Among the foodservice employees, 82.2% had completed high school academic courses, and 98.4% had never changed jobs. Their overall degree of job satisfaction degree was relatively high at $3.05{\pm}0.85$, but the wage and welfare system($2.45{\pm}0.86$), and the merit rating methods($2.25{\pm}0.87$) ranked among the lowest in the job satisfaction survey. On the other hand, the relationships between the managers and the coworkers marked relatively higher at $3.02{\pm}1.03$, compared with other aspects of job satisfaction. As for the work environment, the scaled score was $2.38{\pm}0.85$. Finally the ranking of achieving job improvement through education($3.28{\pm}0.93$), and the effectiveness of education($3.58{\pm}0.78$) showed us the importance and necessity of education.